Production of Acartia omorii (Copepoda: Calanoida) in Ilkwang Bay, southeastern coast of Korea

Production of the marine calanoid copepod Acartia omorii was measured from 2 October 1991 to 8 October 1992 at a station in Ilkwang Bay on the southeastern coast of Korea. A. omorii (nauplii + copepodites + adults) were present in the plankton throughout the year, with seasonal variation in abundance. Biomass of A. omorii was averaged at 0.44 mgC m^− 3, with peaks in February and July, and relatively low biomass in late summer and fall. Egg production rate ranged from 2.4 to 151.9 μgC m^− 3 day^− 1, which was equivalent to 95–6075 eggs m^− 3 day^− 1. Fecundity of an adult female was averaged at 38 eggs female^− 1 day^− 1. Instantaneous growth rates of copepodites were higher than those of nauplii stages. Annual production of A. omorii ranged from 33.5 mgC m^− 3 year^− 1 to 221 mgC m^− 2 year^− 1, showing a seasonal variation of daily production rate with peaks in February and July. The daily production rate of A. omorii was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a concentration. These results suggest that standing stocks and/or productivity of phytoplankton are the major influencing factors, rather than water temperature for the seasonal variation of production of A. omorii in Ilkwang Bay.     

长江河口主要汊道水流挟沙能力分析

在分析长江河口水文泥沙特性的基础上,统计了河口南北支、南北港等汊道河段的悬沙中值粒径值。结果表明,长江河口悬沙较细,悬沙中值粒径变化范围不大,在0.006~0.014 mm之间,在大中小潮过程中各个汊道河段的变化也不大,其中值粒径平均约为0.008 mm。同时从单向水流的挟沙能力出发,引入背景含沙量,对长江口的水流挟沙能力关系进行了探讨。在此基础上,结合数值积分的处理方法及枚举法,对样本数据作物理意义上的涨、落半潮积分平均的处理,并进一步以此推求了长江口南北支、南北港等主要汊道河段的水流挟沙能力。     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.     

重庆河段泥沙模型测控技术

介绍“重庆河段泥沙模型计算机自动测控系统”以及对流量、流速、水位等多种物理量实现计算机实时测量与控制技术,着重介绍应用透光法实时测量含沙量、沉降法测量颗粒粒径的计算机测量原理与方法。该系统的应用大大提高了泥沙模型试验自动化测量控制水平,提高了工作效率。     

舰船上层建筑端部及舷侧大开口应力集中分析和光弹性实验

建立了××型舰艉部分段详细的有限元模型,应用MSC.Nastran软件进行了分析计算,给出了艉部分段整体应力分布状况;分别对比分析了上层建筑端部过渡和舷侧开口的两种设计方案,并计算了上层建筑端部和舷侧开口处的应力集中系数.同时对××舰做了光弹性实验,实验与有限元结果吻合较好,表明了两者结果的有效性.文中还讨论了船舶结构应力集中分析中基准应力的选取问题,所建议的基准应力可以使相应的应力集中系数符合设计人员的思路,便于设计参考.     

船舶横梁纵桁腹板开孔应力集中计算

本文将解析分析与有限元数值分析相结合,研究了船舶纵桁和横梁腹板上开圆孔和腰圆孔后的应力集中问题,建立了用于梁结构应力集中的局部应力分析法。获得了:(1)开孔直径在1/10～1/2腹板高度变化范围、开孔位置可沿梁长度方向变化的孔口应力集中简便计算公式;(2)上述孔用不同厚度板加强或用围壁加强后的应力集中简便计算公式;(3)在研究了两个孔靠近后对孔口应力分布的影响后,提出了梁上开多孔时的应力集中计算方法。本文方法计算结果分别与光弹性试验、大型钢模试验结果和有限元法对整体梁的计算结果作了比较,表明本文方法可靠而方便。     

DJJ1型高速交流传动电动车组空电联合制动装置

以DJJ1型高速交流传动电动车组空电联合制动方案为例,介绍了动力集中型交流传动动车组的空电联合制动控制模式。同时,通过该电动车组在广深线上试验及运行数据的分析,阐述了其空电联合制动的优越性。     

钢轨接头螺栓的有限元应力集中分析

应用有限元接触分析方法 ,研究钢轨螺栓螺纹根部的应力集中。通过优化螺栓螺纹根部圆角半径和螺母结构、改变螺纹根部直径的方法 ,缓解螺纹根部的应力集中 ,改善应力分布 ,实现提高螺栓疲劳强度的目的。     

粉尘测定相对质量浓度与质量浓度转换方法的研究

应用P-5L_2型数字粉尘计与配有符合BMRC粒度分级标准予捕集器的粉尘采样器,置于各粉尘作业场,同时、同步测定呼吸性粉尘与总粉尘质量浓度及相对质量浓度,通过相关分析与计算,求得粉尘质量浓度转换K与K_1值,及CPM与mg/m~3换算图。     

柴油机尿素SCR氨分布均匀性的试验与模拟优化

在发动机排气温度300℃、排气流量400kg/h的条件下,测量了尿素SCR催化剂载体前端面的NH3浓度分布。测试结果表明:载体前端面NH3浓度分布均匀性较差,NH3浓度最大值约是最小值的6倍,试验NH3分布均匀性指数仅为0.791。为了提高NH3的分布均匀性,采用CFD软件建立了该SCR系统的流动以及尿素水溶液的喷雾、热解和水解反应等模型,并研究了混合器对NH3浓度分布的影响。模拟结果表明:尿素水溶液喷射后,部分液滴发生撞壁,在排气管直管段大部分液滴集中沿管壁方向运动,进入进口多孔管后液滴分散开,但整体液滴分布不均匀。安装混合器能够使NH3分布均匀性指数和NOx转化效率提高约10%。