Loss of stability of a railway wheel-set,subcritical or supercritical

Most researches on railway vehicle stability analysis are focused on the codimension 1 (for short, codim 1) bifurcations like subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation. The analysis of codim 1 bifurcation can be completed based on one bifurcation parameter. However, two bifurcation parameters should be considered to give a general view of the motion of the system when it undergoes a degenerate Hopf bifurcation. This kind of bifurcation named the generalised Hopf bifurcation belongs to the codimension 2 (for short, codim 2) bifurcations where two bifurcation parameters need to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we give a numerical analysis of the codim 2 bifurcations of a nonlinear railway wheel-set with the QR algorithm to calculate the eigenvalues of the linearised system incorporating the Golden Cut method and the shooting method to calculate the limit cycles around the Hopf bifurcation points. Here, we found the existence of a generalised Hopf bifurcation where a subcritical Hopf bifurcation turns into a supercritical one with the increase of the bifurcation parameters, which belong to the codim 2 bifurcations, in a nonlinear railway wheel-set model. Only the nonlinear wheel/rail interactive relationship has been taken into consideration in the lateral model that is formulated in this paper. The motion of the wheel-set has been investigated when the bifurcation parameters are perturbed in the neighbourhood of their critical parameters, and the influences of different parameters on critical values of the bifurcation parameters are also given. From the results, it can be seen that the bifurcation types of the wheel-set will change with a variation of the bifurcation parameters in the neighbourhood of their critical values.     

基于灰色理论的轨道几何状态中长期时变参数预测模型的研究

根据轨道几何不平顺的发展特性,在灰色预测理论的基础上,考虑模型参数随时间的变化,并优化背景值,建立以轨道几何不平顺检测数据为时间序列的非等时距灰色时变参数模型。为更好地描述轨道几何不平顺影响因素间复杂的函数关系,提高模型拟合和预测精度,基于残差分析引入周期性函数,对模型进行组合修正。应用此模型对轨道质量指数TQI数据进行分析预测,并对其精度进行检验。结果表明:模型能较好地反映轨道质量随时间发展的随机波动特征,拟合、预测精度高,适合进行中长期预测,可为了解和掌握轨道质量状态的发展规律提供新的方法。     

不同轮轨型面匹配关系及其轮轨动力特性分析

根据轮轨空间动态耦合关系,对现有不同车轮踏面和钢轨型面的轮轨接触几何关系进行了分析。利用车辆/轨道耦合动力学原理,进行了不同轮轨型面匹配的动力学仿真分析,并根据仿真计算结果,提出了现阶段我国铁路重载运输最佳轮轨型面匹配建议。     

浅谈山区改建公路线形设计

以山区改建公路工程勘察设计实践为基础,介绍了公路线形设计的选线原则、放坡、平面线形设计以及高新技术的应用等内容,为今后的同类设计提供借鉴与参考.     

船舶航向非线性系统的模糊神经网络智能控制器设计

船舶航向控制系统具有典型的非线性和不确定性特性，并受自动舵执行能力的约束，这使得作为船舶智能化基础的航向控制极具挑战性。首先分析了船舶航向运动特性，给出带有舵约束的航向运动非线性数学模型；然后以模糊神经网络为控制器结构，在噪声加入和参考轨迹设置算法的支持下使用遗传算法对控制器参数进行自动搜索和优化，设计一种船舶航向智能控制器；最后对航向控制进行仿真。结果表明，所设计的航向智能控制器对船舶参数摄动和扰动具有良好的鲁棒性能。     

变高度薄壁箱梁剪力滞的几何非线性分析

根据势能变分原理,考虑薄壁箱梁翼缘的剪力滞效应和结构竖向挠度的几何非线性,导出了变高度薄壁箱梁的非线性控制微分方程,并采用样条最小二乘配点法进行求解.将计算值与试验结果进行了比较,两者吻合较好.研究表明,对于三跨变高度薄壁连续箱梁,在均布荷载作用下,内支座截面的应力分布不均匀程度较中跨跨中截面大;荷载越大,非线性效应越显著.     

基于 UL 法的 CR 列式三维梁单元计算方法

为了提高大位移、大转动问题的计算效率和精度，提出了基于更新拉格朗日法（UL法）的三维梁单元分析的CR列式算法．这种方法采用更新拉格朗日列式，运用最小势能原理建立结构的平衡方程，并导出梁单元的刚度矩阵．求解过程中，根据CR列式的原理，采用大转动理论计算更新后的单元和节点坐标，通过扣除结构位移中的刚体位移得到结构变形，进而获得单元的准确内力．最后，给出了2个算例，以证明该方法的正确性和精度．     

船用螺旋桨三维建模方法研究

从分析船用螺旋桨三维模型主要几何特征入手,阐述其三维坐标计算方法。在探讨了螺旋桨某些特殊部位的处理方法后,运用三维模型设计软件,以某螺旋桨建模实例演绎其方法步骤。     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

光纤非线性偏振耦合引起偏振态抖动的研究

研究了光纤非线性偏振耦合引起的偏振态抖动的现象，从理论上导出了基于NRZ码的偏振复用系统中偏振度降低与两路调制信号的时域波形及他们的初始相位差之间的关系．对于100Gb／s的偏振复用系统进行了理论仿真，结果表明：只有当二路调制信号的光功率相等且初相位差为零或者π/2时，所引起的偏振态抖动最小．