有轨电车交叉口交通组织及控制方案优化

有轨电车在运行过程中,易在交叉口处产生瓶颈,导致有轨电车通行速度降低、乘客舒适度下降。从有轨电车交叉口信号优先控制、现状交叉口交通管理与控制优化、公共交通组织优化、慢行交通组织优化4个方面提出了相应的优化措施。以武汉市有轨电车作为实例,提出了一系列改善措施,并利用VISSIM软件仿真模拟了实施效果,仿真结果验证了优化方案的科学性和有效性。     

信号倒计时影响下的进口道交通流分析与建模

为揭示信号倒计时对驾驶决策行为的影响,本文基于实测数据对信号控制进口道各断面的车速分布特征进行了分析,研究发现临近停车线处于不同断面位置的车辆行驶特性由于信号倒计时的有无及剩余绿灯时间的影响而存在差异.提出了考虑信号倒计时下驾驶心理的元胞自动机模型,通过数值模拟剖析了不同时空条件(位置、车速与剩余时间)下微观驾驶心理与行为对中观交通流的作用机理.结果表明,该模型可较好地刻画信号灯控制下城市进口道路车辆运行特性.     

基于主线拥堵场景的快速路级联信号控制方法

城市快速路高峰时段已经呈现出常态性拥堵，对快速路主线拥堵进行疏导尤为必要.本文通过在主线和入口匝道进行三级交通检测判别，设计了多级联动的信号控制流程与实现方式，构建了不同拥堵程度下的分级响应控制策略，基于瓶颈点通行能力最大化下的实时信号控制算法及最大排队长度限制下的实时信号控制算法，建立了主线及匝道车道开关闭、汇合处信号灯控制、主线动态限速、交通信息诱导等于一体的快速路级联信号控制方法.仿真分析结果表明，在主线不同拥堵程度下采取的级联信号控制方法，可以有效提升快速路主线平均车速，并未导致匝道排队的恶化，局部路网平均延误均有明显降低.     

基于移动导航数据的信号配时反推

在交通管理和评价时,信号配时对监测评价路口运行状态,评价路口配时方案至关重要.但是,大范围的实时信号配时方案的获取尚缺乏简明有效的途径.本文提出两种基于移动导航数据计算固定配时路口信号配时的方法.第一种方法是在不考虑驾驶员驾驶行为差异性时,得到路口红灯和车均延误的关系模型,从而计算某相位的红灯时长.另外一种方法是基于车辆通过停止线的时间,结合本文提出的上升梯度法,得到某阶段红灯时长.本文通过实际的路口案例计算,将预测结果和已知路口的信号配时比较,表明此方法计算得到的红绿灯时长准确度较高,为后续进行路口运行状态和通行能力研究提供了数据支持.     

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

Balancing energy consumption and risk of delay in high speed trains: A three-objective real-time eco-driving algorithm with fuzzy parameters

Eco-driving is an energy efficient traffic operation measure that may lead to important energy savings in high speed railway lines. When a delay arises in real time, it is necessary to recalculate an optimal driving that must be energy efficient and computationally efficient.In addition, it is important that the algorithm includes the existing uncertainty associated with the manual execution of the driving parameters and with the possible future traffic disturbances that could lead to new delays.This paper proposes a new algorithm to be executed in real time, which models the uncertainty in manual driving by means of fuzzy numbers. It is a multi-objective optimization algorithm that includes the classical objectives in literature, running time and energy consumption, and as well a newly defined objective, the risk of delay in arrival. The risk of delay in arrival measure is based on the evolution of the time margin of the train up to destination.The proposed approach is a dynamic algorithm designed to improve the computational time. The optimal Pareto front is continuously tracked during the train travel, and a new set of driving commands is selected and presented to the driver when a delay is detected.The algorithm evaluates the 3 objectives of each solution using a detailed simulator of high speed trains to ensure that solutions are realistic, accurate and applicable by the driver. The use of this algorithm provides energy savings and, in addition, it permits railway operators to balance energy consumption and risk of delays in arrival. This way, the energy performance of the system is improved without degrading the quality of the service.     

土压平衡盾构施工中泡沫改良砾砂土的试验研究

为了解决土压平衡盾构在砾砂土地层掘进过程中,土体塑流性差、刀盘及螺旋输送机磨损严重和开挖面平衡不易保持等问题,通过自制泡沫发生器发泡,对砾砂土地层的泡沫改良技术进行室内试验研究,分析气液比、含水率和泡沫掺量对塑流性的影响和改良前后土样的渗透系数的变化规律,得出泡沫发生器气液比在30∶1~55∶1、含水率为5%~12.5%、泡沫掺量为20%~40%时,土体具有较好的塑流性,泡沫的"轴承效应"和泡沫剂中表面活性剂的亲水基团与水、砾砂土颗粒形成的氢键是塑流性提高的根本原因;使用泡沫剂改良砾砂土后,渗透系数大幅降低,掺泡沫后在280 min内渗透系数随时间变化较小,能达到10~(-5)cm/s,泡沫剂溶液中高分子化合物的联结和液桥力是土样具有堵水作用的原因。     

A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.     

基于逻辑推演理论的船舶避碰决策

提出了研究船舶避碰决策的一个新方法,并把多逻辑系统作用的结构演化引入舰艇避碰决策系统,构建了船舶避碰决策系统逻辑推理的基本理论,指出了进一步的研究方向。