客车智能限速操纵器

为了满足客车限制最高车速的法规要求,开发一种客车智能限速操纵器。该限速操纵器具有一定通用性,对多款不同型号采用机械油门拉丝的发动机,可实现限制最高车速的功能。     

国有收费公路企业全要素生产率测度及提升路径研究

近年来，收费公路行业绩效问题愈发凸显，但针对政府还贷公路运营载体的国有收费公路企业的研究却相对匮乏。为此，以2000~2019年21家国有收费公路企业的面板数据为研究样本，基于半参数估计法及Sequential-Malmquist指数法对国有收费公路企业全要素生产率（TFP）及其变动的内在结构性因素进行实证测度，得到如下结论：①国有收费公路企业TFP长期处于较低水平，非生产性投入不但未对企业自身发展起到积极作用，反而抑制了资本和劳动投入对产出的贡献。②国有收费公路企业TFP增长缓慢，技术进步和技术效率变化是影响TFP变动的主要因素。集团化改制虽然可以带来短期的技术进步，但对企业TFP持续增长的贡献程度有限。③国有收费公路企业TFP呈东、西、中递减的态势。中部省份企业TFP呈现出显著的追赶效应，其主要源自于技术进步和技术效率提升。东西部省份企业TFP的提升则主要依赖技术进步。基于实证结果的分析表明：转变行业传统发展观念，激发技术进步内生动力，促进管理体制根本变革，推动企业市场化改革以及加快投融资体制改革是国有收费公路企业TFP提升的主要路径；提升路径的实现有赖于地方政府、交通主管部门及国有收费公路企业的长期协同合作。     

A new estimation approach for the multiple discrete–continuous probit (MDCP) choice model

This paper develops a blueprint (complete with matrix notation) to apply Bhat’s (2011) Maximum Approximate Composite Marginal Likelihood (MACML) inference approach for the estimation of cross-sectional as well as panel multiple discrete–continuous probit (MDCP) models. A simulation exercise is undertaken to evaluate the ability of the proposed approach to recover parameters from a cross-sectional MDCP model. The results show that the MACML approach does very well in recovering parameters, as well as appears to accurately capture the curvature of the Hessian of the log-likelihood function. The paper also demonstrates the application of the proposed approach through a study of individuals’ recreational (i.e., long distance leisure) choice among alternative destination locations and the number of trips to each recreational destination location, using data drawn from the 2004 to 2005 Michigan statewide household travel survey.     

运输船舶在波浪中失速的近似估算

如何准确、快速、简便地估算船舶在波浪中的失速，已成为船舶研究、设计人员及航运界有关人员共同关心的一个重要课题。文中给出了近似估算运输船舶在波浪中失速的2个方法。对处于初步设计阶段且尚未做过静水快速性能模型试验的运输船舶，可直接应用第2个方法。该方法提出的近似估算公式应用方便，也不用编程便可直接人工计算，且与模型试验结果相当吻合。     

三相逆变器供电单相永磁同步电动机的起动性能分析

本文对采用三相逆变器供电的单相永磁同步电动机变频起动过程的转矩进行了深入的分析，提出了用于单相永磁同步电动机变频起动分析的简化等值电路，分别用拟稳态法和简化等值电路法计算了单相永磁同步电动机变频起动过程中的异步起动转矩，两者计算结果相一致，证明了该简化等值电路法的正确性。根据简化等值电路法推出了变频起动时保证最大异步转矩保持恒定的完全补偿法，用拟稳态法计算了采用完全补偿法变频起动时的异步转矩和平均转矩，验证了完全补偿法的正确性。     

背压对等径角挤压坯料变形的影响

采用有限元方法研究了背压对1100Al等径角挤压的影响．分析了坯料的变形、等效应变分布、最大主应力及变形载荷的变化．模拟结果表明，通过在出口通道施加背压，提高了坯料充填模具外侧拐角的能力，使得坯料横截面上等效应变分布更加均匀；坯料在变形过程中的最大主应力降低；但变形载荷随背压的增加不断增加．分析得出，施加适当的背压有助于提高坯料的变形均匀性，降低坯料表面的开裂倾向．     

基于可变抽头滤波器的信道估计的研究

文章在基于固定抽头横向滤波器的信道估计的基础上,对信道估计进行改进实现了基于可变抽头的信道估计。在这种信道估计中,运用Akaike information criterion（AIC准则）寻找与实际信道最相符的最佳信道结构模式,实现对滤波器的抽头数目的判定。采用找到的最佳信道模式可以减少均衡器的抽头数目,可以节约平均处理时间,并且在系统误码性能上也有提高。     

基于工作电压的动力电池剩余容量动态估算

以单体蓄电池为研究对象，为解决电动汽车动力电池在工作状态下的剩余容量（SOC）进行实时估算的难题，提出了一种新的动力电池剩余容量估算方法。通过外接一个处于工作状态下电池周期性的恒定电流负载，测得一系列的电池工作电压，这些工作电压采用阶段斜率的计算方法求电池该时刻的剩余时间，从而推算出电池的SOC。证明了动态工作点折算到静态工作点的可行性。该方法的相对误差最大不超过7％，通过软件可实施对温度、老化等因素的补偿。误差分析结果表明，该方法误差小，测量精度高。     

A Novel Approach to Vehicle Dynamics using the Theory of a Cosserat Point and its Application to Collision Analyses of Platooning Vehicles

A fully three-dimensional, computationally inexpensive vehicular model is presented. In contrast to traditional rigid body models, the vehicle's sprung mass is modeled as a (nonlinearly) deformable body. The formulation of the equations of motion is based on a continuum theory known as the theory of a Cosserat point. These equations largely preserve the relative simplicity of rigid body dynamics but incorporate deformable features. The ease of computer implementation permits the simultaneous simulation of vehicle and collision dynamics of multiple vehicles and highway objects. In this paper, the theory of a Cosserat point is summarized and its general application to vehicle and collision dynamics is illustrated. A three-dimensional collision algorithm is discussed with emphasis on small closing velocities (negligible residual crush, elastic rebound). The novel model is compared to standard procedures.     

To fully automate or not? Investigating demands and willingness to pay for autonomous vehicles based on automation levels

We review the literature on the motivators of consumers’ purchasing decisions regarding autonomous vehicles (AVs), focusing on environmental awareness, vehicle types, concerns about accidents, and merits. The willingness to buy (WTB) and willingness to pay (WTP) for AVs have been extensively studied. However, it is imperative to broaden the outlook and consolidate the existing knowledge base. Although the WTB and WTP for AVs have been studied, automation-level preferences have been underresearched. Based on more than 150,000 observations, we construct a choice model and calculate the WTP for each level of automation. Our results show that there is a disparity between people's WTB and WTP according to the automation level. In particular, we find that the coefficients regarding FAVs’ benefits and accidents significantly exceed those related to environmental concerns. Such results indicate that practical benefits and concerns influence AV demand and WTP to a greater extent than environmental awareness. Our model results indicate a disparity between WTB and WTP for AVs that mostly derives from the different types of environmental concerns, concerns about accidents, and perceived benefits from these automobiles. Our results urge policies according to which governments and companies closely examine consumers who exhibit WTB-WTP disparities. Issues relating to demand patterns, WTP, and a suitable policy framework are discussed.