Modelling and characteristic analysis of tri-axle trucks with hydraulically interconnected suspensions

In this paper, a new hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) system is proposed for the implementation of a resistance control for the pitch and bounce modes of tri-axle heavy trucks. A lumped-mass half-truck model is established using the free-body diagram method. The equations of motion of a mechanical and hydraulic coupled system are developed by incorporating the hydraulic strut forces into the mechanical subsystem as externally applied forces. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to evaluate the impedance matrix of the hydraulic subsystem consisting of models of fluid pipes, damper valves, accumulators, and three-way junctions. The TMM is further applied to find the quantitative relationships between the hydraulic strut forces and boundary flow of the mechanical–fluid interactive subsystem. The modal analysis method is employed to perform the vibration analysis between the trucks with the conventional suspension and the proposed HIS. Comparison analysis focuses on free vibration with identified eigenvalues and eigenvectors, isolation vibration capacity, and force vibration in terms of the power spectrum density responses. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed HIS system in reducing the pitch motion of sprung mass and simultaneously maintaining the ride comfort. The pitch stiffness is increased while the bounce stiffness is slightly softened. The peak values of sprung mass and wheel hop motions are greatly reduced, and the vibration decay rate of sprung mass is also significantly increased.     

基于SIMPACK的钢桁梁斜拉桥车-桥系统动力性能分析

为研究铁路高速化、重载化引起的车-桥系统耦合动力问题,以新建南广客运专线郁江双线主跨228 m钢桁梁斜拉桥为工程背景,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立桥梁的动力模型并进行子结构分析、模态分析;采用多体动力学通用软件SIMPACK建立CRH2动车组模型,通过读取桥梁模态信息,在SIMPACK中实现列车与桥梁的数据交换,最终实现车-桥系统动力性能分析。对分析结果进行评估,结论为:当CRH2动车组以设计速度200km/h通过该桥时,列车走行性具有"优良"的动力性能;以基础设施预留250km/h的速度通过该桥时,除了列车横向总体舒适性指标为"良好"外,其余列车走行性具有"优良"的动力性能。这说明桥梁能提供足够的刚度,满足高速列车运行的高平顺性要求。     

Real-time models for wheels and tyres in an object-oriented modelling framework

This article presents models for wheels and tyres in the application field of real-time multi-body systems. For this rather broad class of applications it is difficult to foresee the right level of model complexity that is affordable in a specific simulation. Therefore we developed a tyre model that is adjustable in its degree of complexity. It consists of a list of stepwise developed sub-models, each at a higher level of complexity. These models include semi-empirical equations. The stepwise development process is also reflected in the corresponding implementation with the modelling language Modelica. The final wheel model represents a supermodel and enables users to select the right level of complexity in an unambiguous way.     

Three-dimensional derailment analysis of a crashed city tram

City tram collisions are simulated using multi-body dynamics. The aim of this paper is to investigate the collision-induced derailment. Simulation results demonstrate that the corner obstacle collision scenario defined in EN 15227 is mainly focused on the energy absorption process. Due to the large impact angle (45°), it is unlikely for a city tram to comply with this scenario without derailment. In order to avoid derailment, the maximum impact angle between city tram and oblique obstacle should be reduced to 25°. Moreover, some influence factors are analysed, such as mass of loaded passengers, friction coefficient, impact angle, etc. Derailment phenomenon is shown to be significantly dependent on these parameters. Two measures are proposed to prevent the collided city tram from derailment. One is using secondary lateral dampers to absorb collision energy. Another is increasing the lateral stiffness of secondary springs as well as the lateral clearance, so that more collision energy can be stored in the suspension. With these measures, the safety against derailment can be improved.     

A finite-element-based approach to characterising FTire model for extended range of operation conditions

In order to accurately predict vehicle dynamic responses when traversing high obstacles or large bumps, appropriate tyre models need to be developed and characterised. Tyre models used in vehicle ride and durability are usually characterised by experimental tests on the tyre. However, limitations in rig design and operating conditions restrict the range of test conditions under which the tyre can be tested, hence characterisation of the tyre behaviour during extreme manoeuvres may not be possible using physical tests. In this study, a combination of experimental tests and finite-element (FE) modelling is used in deriving Flexible Ring Tire (FTire) Models appropriate for different levels of tyre/road interaction severity. It is shown that FE modelling can be used to accurately characterise the behaviour of a tyre where limitations in experimental facilities prevent tyre characterisation using the required level of input severity in physical tests. Multi-body simulation is used to demonstrate that the FTire model derived using extended range of obstacles produces more accurate transient dynamic response when traversing low and high road obstacles.     

整车转弯制动控制仿真研究

转弯制动是汽车行驶中的常见工况。为了研究在该工况下对汽车控制时的各项性能，建立了整车非线性多体动力学模型．仿真分析了样车的操纵稳定性、平顺性和制动性能；利用ADAMS与MATLAB联合仿真技术，针对汽车在转弯制动的工况下的动态特性，对前轮转向和悬架采取联合控制，仿真结果表明所采用的模糊PID控制方法能较好地改进汽车的行驶性能。     

麦弗逊独立悬架的运动学分析及结构参数优化

运用MATLAB软件结合多刚体系统动理学和数值计算的方法给出了麦弗逊独立悬架导向机构运动特性参数的计算方法,并对导向机构结构参数进行了优化设计。结果表明该算法可行有效;优化后,悬架系统的运动学特性得到了改善。     

多体浮式防波堤消波特性数值模拟

多体浮式防波堤消波特性是决定其应用价值的重要因素,基于三维势流理论,通过使用Ansys Workbench软件和AQWA Graphical Supervisor(AGS)图像后处理软件,对多体浮式防波堤在不同入射角和浮筒吃水深度下的消波效果展开研究。结果表明,在入射角度为90°时,多浮筒浮式防波堤能够最大程度地消减波浪。同时,透射系数随吃水深度的增加而不断减小,但结构稳定性会下降。因此,实际工程中应尽量保证浮式防波堤的迎浪面与波浪的来波方向垂直,这样可以获得较好的消波效果,同时应尽量避免选择吃水深度过大的浮式防波堤。     

锚链多体系统最优化求解方法及其对比分析

为了在不添加额外方程或判断条件的情况下，求解锚链多体系统悬链和卧链共存的状态，提出利用最优化原理描述静态锚链多体系统的状态方程，即最小势能方程，并与传统的悬链线方程和多体系统一般力学方程进行对比分析。结果表明，该方法不需要进行复杂的受力分析，形式简单且物理意义明确。数值计算结果与传统方法在计算悬链时是一致的，且可在统一的框架下计算悬链和卧链同时存在的状态。