利用招投标控制工程造价的工作思路

利用招投标方式有效控制工程造价,已成为工程建设造价管理工作的核心内容。但在实际工程建设中,依据初步设计文件编制的招标文件,在工程建设规模、技术标准、工程数量、设备选型等方面与施工设计和施工阶段实际发生的工程数量等存在诸多差异,导致工程结算时的结算价超出招投标合同价的现象屡见不鲜。为此,针对项目招投标管理工作中极易出现的主要问题进行分析,提出招投标管理工作的新思路和控制工程造价的对策。     

我国城市轨道交通车辆选配实践及建议

分析国内轨道交通车辆选配的现状,指出车辆选配主要集中在常规制式车型上,虽与城市轨道交通发展的客观条件和基本需求相适应,但也存在基于预测客流选配车辆的盲目性、相互攀比性以及忽视车辆综合拥有成本、保持适度规模与适度组合等问题。因此,提出城市轨道交通车辆按线网层级划分的选配理论及优先发展策略,为今后的城市轨道交通车辆选配提供清晰的思路及合理的工作路径。     

跨座式关节型道岔的仿真设计研究

详细介绍重庆跨座式关节型道岔运动系统的仿真设计过程,阐明如何在设计中布置驱动点、计算曲臂长度、布置导槽、获得台车运行轨迹。通过道岔的运动特性分析和道岔的驱动扭矩计算,全面了解道岔的运动特点和各个驱动点的受力状况。     

不同类型氢燃料电池汽车全生命周期经济性分析及预测研究

氢燃料电池汽车被认为是 21世纪具有潜力的新能源清洁动力汽车之一,影响其推广应用的最重要因素是高成本,开展全生命周期经济性分析至关重要。目前国内外学者对氢燃料电池汽车的生命周期成本评价研究主要集中于零部件成本、燃料价格等因素,而考虑国家及地方补贴政策、运维和报废成本以及不同运营里程、不同车型下经济性分析的较少。从用户的角度,通过对购置成本、运营成本、维护成本、回收残值、补能和抗寒影响以及国家和地方补贴等多种因素进行综合分析,建立全生命周期成本模型,针对乘用车、客车和卡车等不同车型,分场景开展经济性成本评价,将其与传统燃油汽车和纯电动汽车的经济性进行对比分析。面向未来,作出经济性预测,并提出一系列对策建议。     

PLC在沥青混凝土摊铺机行驶控制系统中的应用

结合摊铺机行驶系统的功能要求及PLC的特点，完成了控制系统的硬件设计和软件设计。对其速度闭环控制，引入了PID校正环节，根据控制系统模型动态仿真试验，确定了PID参数。通过PLC模拟试验，初步证实了控制系统设计的可行性和合理性。     

公路工程造价快速测算方法及其应用

在总结和分析各种工程造价估测方法的基础上，构建了基于模糊理论和造价管理系统之上的造价快速估测模型，并给出了其计算步骤和估测实例，可用于公路工程造价的快速测算。     

WBZ21型稳定土拌和机行走系统及燃油泵故障的诊断处理

针对WBZ21型稳定土拌和机在施工中其行走系统和燃油泵截流阀所发生的故障问题，提出了一系列故障诊断及排除方法。     

基于交易费用的物流运作模式研究

从交易费用理论及物流运作模式着手,探讨了市场采购、物流自营,物流外包与物流内包的适应环境及运作对象。即:对于一般的物流活动应该从市场上进行采购,对于集成化的物流服务应该采用外部外包,当第三方物流市场走向垄断时,要积极寻求物流内包。     

Life cycle emissions and cost model for urban light duty vehicles

The growth of vehicle sales and use internationally requires the consumption of significant quantities of energy and materials, and contributes to the deterioration of air-quality and climate conditions. Advanced propulsion systems and electric drive vehicles have substantially different characteristics and impacts. They require life cycle assessments and detailed comparisons with gasoline powered vehicles which, in turn, should lead to critical updates of traditional models and assumptions. For a comprehensive comparison of advanced and traditional light duty vehicles, a model is developed that integrates external costs, including emissions and time losses, with societal and consumer life cycle costs. Life cycle emissions and time losses are converted into costs for seven urban light duty vehicles. The results, which are based on vehicle technology characteristics and transportation impacts on environment, facilitate vehicle comparisons and support policy making in transportation. Substantially, more sustainable urban transportation can be achieved in the short-term by promoting policies that increase vehicle occupancy; in the intermediate-term by increasing the share of hybrid vehicles in the car market and in the long-term by the widespread use of electric vehicles. A sensitivity-analysis of life cost results revealed that vehicle costs change significantly for different geographical areas depending on vehicle taxation, pricing of gasoline, electric power and pollution. Current practices in carbon and air quality pricing favor oil and coal based technologies. However, increasing the cost of electricity from coal and other fossil fuels would increase the variable cost for electric vehicles, and tend to favor the variable cost of hybrid vehicles.     

Optimal bus fleet management strategy for emissions reduction

Transportation is a major cause for environmental degradation via exhaust emissions. For many transit-oriented metropolitan areas, bus trips often constitute a sizeable mode share. Managing the bus fleet, in particular updating buses to comply with the newer emissions standards, therefore, can have a substantial impact on transportation-induced air quality. This paper presents the approach of remaining life additional benefit–cost (RLABC) analysis for maximising the total net benefit by either early-retiring or retrofitting the current bus fleet within their lifespans. By referring to the net benefits for different bus types estimated by RLABC analysis, the most beneficial management scheme for the current bus fleet can be identified. Optimal bus fleet management (BFM) models based on the RLABC analysis for the operator and the government are developed. Then a government subsidy plan is produced to achieve win–win solutions, which will offer efficient and flexible management schemes. To illustrate the approach, the largest bus company in Hong Kong, which carries more than 23% of the total trips in Hong Kong, is taken as a case study example. Instead of adopting a fixed retirement plan, such as replacing buses at the age of 17 as is currently practised, the proposed method develops an optimal BFM scheme that progressively phases out buses or retrofits them. This study produces promising results to demonstrate the large benefit of this approach for optimal bus fleet management.