Fully autonomous vehicles: analyzing transportation network performance and operating scenarios in the Greater Toronto Area,Canada

Fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to considerably change urban mobility in the future. This study simulates potential AV operating scenarios in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, and assesses transportation system performance on a regional level. For each scenario, the base capacities of certain types of road links are modified to simulate the theoretical increase in throughput enabled by AV driving behavior. Another scenario examines driverless parking operations in downtown Toronto. Simulation results indicate that the increased attractiveness of freeways relative to other routes leads to slightly increased average travel distance as vehicles divert to access higher capacity road links. Average travel time is found to decrease by up to one-fifth at the 90% AV market penetration level. Concurrently, localized increases in congestion suggest that proactive transportation planning will be needed to mitigate negative consequences of AV adoption, especially in relation to induced demand for personal automobile travel.     

自然保护区科普旅游开发模式研究——以广西花坪自然保护区为例

随着旅游者的产品多样化需求以及求知欲的增强,科普旅游产品在今后的旅游市场会越来越受欢迎。本文以广西花坪自然保护区为例,对于该地区开展科普旅游的优势和科普旅游产品的设计进行了探讨。     

关于深圳至珠海间伶仃洋通道的线路走向方案研究

粤港澳大湾区各城市间互联互通,协同发展是践行重大国家战略的重大举措。深港区域和珠澳区域是湾区空间布局的两个重要发展极,两个区域之间有伶仃洋天堑阻隔,严重制约了湾区一体化发展。充分考虑珠江口伶仃洋区域高等级航道众多,航运繁忙,两岸港口、码头、锚地密集分布的现状,对在深圳至珠海间的伶仃洋上建设新通道进行了仔细研究,统筹分析两个区域间的城市规划、水工设施等因素,对该通道的线路走向从宏观到具体进行了多方面的技术经济分析,从线路走向,到人工岛的设置,再到各方案对海洋资源的适应性等方面进行了系统的比较,提出适应发展的建议走向,为项目的研究提供瞻望性借鉴。     

天津港南疆港区围海方案研究

南疆港区陆域不足 ,已严重制约港口建设及功能开发。结合海河口整治及相关分析 ,提出南疆港区总体造陆规模及分期实施方案 ,并论证了泥土来源情况。     

通州湾港区一港池回淤对策

通州湾港区一港池建在辐射沙洲南缘腰沙高滩上,港池航道开挖后的回淤问题是工程设计关注的焦点.设计时通过研究工程海域潮流、波浪、泥沙、底质等自然特征,分析影响回淤的主要因素,从挡沙堤平面布置、备淤深度确定、维护疏浚、船舶吃水控制等方面提出一系列针对性措施.研究认为:通州湾港区一港池建在粉砂质浅滩上,港池航道开挖必会出现回淤...     

粤港澳大湾区轨道交通AFC票务清分互联互通研究

随着国内城市群轨道交通互联互通发展进入关键期,跨区域、多制式、多运营主体背景下的轨道交通AFC票务清分互联互通问题得到广泛关注。分析研究粤港澳大湾区轨道交通线网运营现状、建设规划和轨道交通互联互通优先发展战略要求,探讨湾区轨道交通互联互通给AFC票务清分管理带来的问题和面临的挑战。综合分析对比城市群轨道交通AFC票务清分互联互通模式,在借鉴广佛城市轨道交通AFC票务清分互联互通部分成功经验的基础上,总结湾区轨道交通AFC票务清分互联互通最优实现模式和轨道交通湾区清分中心建设定位,提出湾区轨道交通AFC票务互联互通、一票通达管理思路和实现步骤,并指出湾区多网融合AFC票务清分互联互通下一步的技术实现方向。     

胶州湾潮致余环流与水道-沙脊演化

胶州湾保存了较为完整的水道-沙脊体系。在人类高强度工农业活动干预下,水道的稳定是关系到该地区经济可持续发展的重要问题。数值模拟显示,受海岸线和水下地形的控制,胶州湾内外形成了若干规模、强度不等的潮致余环流系统;不同时期的水下实测地形图的对比揭示出沧口水道作为胶州湾内一条重要的黄金水道,呈现出不断淤积萎缩的趋势,据分析与余环流持续提供的细颗粒泥沙淤积有关。胶州湾潮致余环流对维系湾内、外的水力泥沙联系和水道-沙脊体系的演化具有重要作用。     

基于人工神经网络的胶州湾浮游植物生物量模拟

文章首先介绍了BP网络数据标准化、隐层神经元选择、网络训练和有效性检验方法。以2003年胶州湾环境监测资料为基础,建立了多输入单输出的3层BP人工神经网络模型,采用8个水环境因子预测浮游植物生物量(Chla浓度)。检测集样本网络预测值与观测值的相关系数为0.8943,平均绝对误差为11.33%。为避免个别网络输入初值对输出的干扰,采取全局灵敏度的方法,分析了各水环境因子变化对浮游植物生物量的相对影响。结果表明,浮游植物生物量对各水环境因子变化响应的敏感系数顺序为DOCODPO4-PSSTpHOilDINSiO3-Si。     

兰州新区骨干交通制式选择研究

骨干交通制式的选择关系到城市交通系统的运行效率,是城市可持续发展的重要基础。根据客流预测,兰州新区主要客流通道上公共交通客流量级在1万人次/h,公共交通制式初步选择为BRT(快速公交)或现代有轨电车。从投资、政府财政补贴、客流适应性、节能环保、舒适方便、安全性等几方面进行综合对比,结果表明,兰州新区与现代有轨电车的互适性好,选择现代有轨电车作为骨干交通制式是合适的。本研究对其他类似区域的骨干交通制式选择具有借鉴意义。     

The ambivalence of ridesharing

Ridesharing is quite a popular topic of discussion among transport authority personnel. It is perceived to be a viable alternative to classical modes of transportation, and receives a great deal of political support from transport planners. However, not much objective information is available on ridesharing behaviors. We use travel survey data to study the evolution of the ridesharing market in an urban area. Our study is based on data from four large-scale OD surveys conducted in the Greater Montreal Area (1987, 1993, 1998 and 2003). In the latest survey conducted in Montreal, car passengers were asked to identify the driver who gave them the opportunity to travel in this way. Their answers were classified according to the type of driver; for instance, a member of their household, a neighbor or a co-worker. We use this information to calibrate a model matching car passengers and car drivers belonging to the same household. This will be referred to as IHHR (intra-household ridesharing). Preliminary results reveal that approximately 70% of all trips made by car passengers are the result of IHHR. Furthermore, around 15% of those trips are questionable, in that they were exclusively generated for another individual’s purposes, consequently generating an additional trip for the journey back home. Moreover, this percentage increased over time. Objective data regarding ridesharing and its evolution in an urban area will undoubtedly help decision makers gain a clearer profile of this means of travel and help to realign attitudes on the issue.