有轨电车交叉口交通组织及控制方案优化

有轨电车在运行过程中,易在交叉口处产生瓶颈,导致有轨电车通行速度降低、乘客舒适度下降。从有轨电车交叉口信号优先控制、现状交叉口交通管理与控制优化、公共交通组织优化、慢行交通组织优化4个方面提出了相应的优化措施。以武汉市有轨电车作为实例,提出了一系列改善措施,并利用VISSIM软件仿真模拟了实施效果,仿真结果验证了优化方案的科学性和有效性。     

信号倒计时影响下的进口道交通流分析与建模

为揭示信号倒计时对驾驶决策行为的影响,本文基于实测数据对信号控制进口道各断面的车速分布特征进行了分析,研究发现临近停车线处于不同断面位置的车辆行驶特性由于信号倒计时的有无及剩余绿灯时间的影响而存在差异.提出了考虑信号倒计时下驾驶心理的元胞自动机模型,通过数值模拟剖析了不同时空条件(位置、车速与剩余时间)下微观驾驶心理与行为对中观交通流的作用机理.结果表明,该模型可较好地刻画信号灯控制下城市进口道路车辆运行特性.     

基于主线拥堵场景的快速路级联信号控制方法

城市快速路高峰时段已经呈现出常态性拥堵，对快速路主线拥堵进行疏导尤为必要.本文通过在主线和入口匝道进行三级交通检测判别，设计了多级联动的信号控制流程与实现方式，构建了不同拥堵程度下的分级响应控制策略，基于瓶颈点通行能力最大化下的实时信号控制算法及最大排队长度限制下的实时信号控制算法，建立了主线及匝道车道开关闭、汇合处信号灯控制、主线动态限速、交通信息诱导等于一体的快速路级联信号控制方法.仿真分析结果表明，在主线不同拥堵程度下采取的级联信号控制方法，可以有效提升快速路主线平均车速，并未导致匝道排队的恶化，局部路网平均延误均有明显降低.     

基于移动导航数据的信号配时反推

在交通管理和评价时,信号配时对监测评价路口运行状态,评价路口配时方案至关重要.但是,大范围的实时信号配时方案的获取尚缺乏简明有效的途径.本文提出两种基于移动导航数据计算固定配时路口信号配时的方法.第一种方法是在不考虑驾驶员驾驶行为差异性时,得到路口红灯和车均延误的关系模型,从而计算某相位的红灯时长.另外一种方法是基于车辆通过停止线的时间,结合本文提出的上升梯度法,得到某阶段红灯时长.本文通过实际的路口案例计算,将预测结果和已知路口的信号配时比较,表明此方法计算得到的红绿灯时长准确度较高,为后续进行路口运行状态和通行能力研究提供了数据支持.     

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.     

轨道交通信号设备实训课程体系的研究

高职院校以"服务为宗旨、就业为导向",与地方经济发展相结合,积极探索实践教学的方法,搭建技能型人才培养实践教学体系推动行业与自身的可持续发展。以此为出发点,建立一个完整而完善的信号设备实训课程体系,不仅有利于专业自身的发展,同时也对其他院校有着一定的借鉴意义。从而减少一些重复的工作,推动省内院校轨道信号相关专业整体水平的提升。     

单交叉口公交信号优先控制策略建模研究

为研究公交信号优先策略对交叉口公交车及社会车辆的影响,建立公交信号优先控制模型及延误模型,以采取公交优先方式后交叉口所有车辆的人总延误减小为控制目标,引入效益指数PI,以信号交叉口优先相位获得的效益与非优先相位损失效益的差值来衡量整体效益,使得每一次采取的公交优先策略都能提高信号交叉口的整体效益。结果表明:在信号交叉口采取信号优先控制策略后,交叉口车辆的人总延误显著降低。本研究成果对其他信号优先控制方式模型、交叉口群公交优先协调控制等具有一定的参考价值和理论意义。     

定距桨直联稳频型轴带发电机系统

定距桨直联稳频型轴带发电机系统是在定距桨船舶上,通过双速比或多速比齿轮箱与自励无刷同步发电机相联接而成。其通过在主机遥控系统、主机控制与安保系统、电站管理系统、齿轮箱控制系统之间建立起复杂的逻辑关系,使相关控制、报警信号在不同系统中有序合理传递和反馈,从而达到建立一套低成本、硬件结构简单、电源品质高、能满足CCS、DNVGL等各大船级社无人机舱要求的新型定距桨直联稳频型轴带发电机系统FPP-DL-FSSG。文章介绍了该系统的作用、软硬件的构成和特点,分析了其优缺点并提出使用时的注意事项。对航运企业实行低成本运营以及节能减排具有重要意义。