基于改进两步移动搜索法的轨道交通接驳可达性分析

研究城市轨道交通接驳可达性对提升轨道交通服务水平具有重要意义。本文从居民出发地角度，运用基于距离衰减的改进两步移动搜索法，计算并对比分析从居民出发地分别采取步行、 共享单车和公交这3种接驳方式到达轨道交通站点的接驳可达性。以成都三环外地铁2号线和6号线沿线区域为例，运用ArcGIS工具分析区域居民出发地的可达性空间分布差异和不同接驳方式的可达性差异，并结合人口分布梳理轨道交通出行重点区域，挖掘出行盲区。计算结果表明：越靠近轨道交通站和越靠近城市中心的区域，3种接驳方式的平均可达性越高；总体上，步行接驳可达性最小，空间分布差异最明显；步行、共享单车和公交接驳可达性高的区域分别集中在轨道站 0.8，1.5，3.0 km服务半径范围内；公交沿线接驳可达性高于非沿线接驳可达性；通过对比可达性和人口空间分布，有效识别区域轨道交通出行的重点盲区、次要盲区、一般盲区和隐性盲区。     

Estimating light-rail transit peak-hour boarding based on accessibility at station and route levels in Wuhan,China

Promoting public transit is a well-recognized policy for sustainable urban transport development. Transit demand analysis proves to be a challenging task in fast growing cities, partially due to the lack of reliable data and applicable techniques for rapidly changing urban contexts. This paper presents an effort to meet the challenge by developing a framework to estimate peak-hour boarding at light-rail transit (LRT) stations. The core part of the framework is an accessibility-weighted ridership model that multiplies potential demand by integral LRT accessibility. Potential demand around LRT stations is generated by using a distance-decay function. The integral LRT accessibility is a route-level factor that indicates the degree of attractiveness to LRT travel for stations in an LRT corridor. A case study in Wuhan, China, shows that the proposed method produces results useful for improving transit demand analysis.     

A utility-based travel impedance measure for public transit network accessibility

A utility-based travel impedance measure is developed for public transit modes that is capable of capturing the passengers’ behaviour and their subjective perceptions of impedance when travelling in the transit networks. The proposed measure is time-dependent and it estimates the realisation of the travel impedance by the community of passengers for travelling between an origin–destination (OD) pair.The main advantage of the developed measure, as compared to the existing transit impedance measures, relates to its capability in capturing the diversity benefit that the transit systems may offer the society of travellers with different traveling preferences. To clarify the necessity of such capability, we demonstrate the randomness (subjectivity) of travel impedance perceived by transit passengers, through evidence from the observed path choices made in the transit network of the greater Brisbane metropolitan region in Australia.The proposed impedance measure is basically a nested logit “logsum” composition over a generated set of reasonable path options whose systematic utilities are evaluated based on a discrete choice model previously developed and calibrated for the greater Brisbane transit passengers. As a case study, the proposed impedance measure is calculated for all the origin blocks in the Brisbane area, during the morning commutes to the Central Business District (CBD). The results are presented and discussed, and intuitive and important advantages are demonstrated for the proposed measure.     

Effects of built environment on walking at the neighbourhood scale. A new role for street networks by modelling their configurational accessibility?

The hypothesis of this paper is that some features of the built environment, particularly those concerned with the accessibility of the street network, could be associated with the proportion of pedestrians on all trips (modal split) found in different parts of a city. Quantitative analysis (bi-variate correlation and a multiple regression model) was used to establish the association between variables. The study area covered a substantial part of the metropolitan area in Madrid, Spain. Results showed a consistent influence of five particular indexes in the multi-variate model. Not surprisingly for this kind of research, four of them described density and mix of land uses. But perhaps more interestingly, the first one was a measure of the accessibility of the public space network, a less prominent variable in literature to date. This variable is called herein configurational accessibility, calculated using Space Syntax, an urban morphology theory. The relevance of configurational accessibility is probably related to its surprising ability to synthesize global and perceived properties of street networks at the same time. The findings introduce the idea that the configuration of the urban grid can influence the proportion of pedestrians (as a part of total trips in any transport mode) who choose to walk on single-journey trips. The discussion links with the current debate about walkability indexes and the need of empirical support for the chosen variables and also with transport planning. Because the relevance of the street network’s role is not so easy to grasp, inputs from configurational theory and the pedestrian potential underlying this fact are also discussed at the end of the paper.     

基于空间句法城市立体交通网络通达性研究-以哈尔滨市为例

城市化进程直接影响到人们的生活质量。随着生活水平的提高，私家车数量的增加，交通堵塞问题越来越严重。文中在空间句法理论、城市通达性理论研究的基础上，建立哈尔滨市区交通站点的立体交通通达性模型。对地铁站点、公交站点进行数据采集、处理、分析，进行地面交通通达性和地下交通通达性计算与分析，组合算出立体交通通达性值。通过对数据分析，得出主要站点的通达性，为哈尔滨市区交通规划、站点设置等提供理论和数据依据。     

基于互联网地图数据的城市轨道交通规划方案公交可达性计算方法

传统基于网络分析的规划城市轨道交通方案公交可达性计算存在着数据获取难和分析时主观成分明显的问题。提出一种融合互联网地图数据和网络分析的计算方法,得到轨道交通规划方案对公交出行时间的影响。基于该方法,选取3个公交可达性评价指标,以芜湖市城市轨道交通规划方案为例,分析不同方案对公交可达性的影响,并探讨了该技术方法推广的可行性。     

Can value capture work in a car dependent city? Willingness to pay for transit access in Perth,Western Australia

This paper investigates the impact of transit on urban land markets in the highly car dependent corridors of Perth with a focus on where new fast rail transit services have recently been built. It determines people’s willingness to pay for transit access within different pedestrian catchments for each of the corridors based on hedonic price modelling using land value data on over 460,000 households. The case study uses cross sectional and panel data hedonic price modelling methodology for the calculation of willingness to pay for transit. It finds that land market increases of up to 40% can be achieved, and is particularly relevant to car dependent cities looking to capture the financial and economic value created to build transit extensions or entirely new systems, thus making a strong case for value capture funding of transit projects into car dependent suburbs and the potential for density increases near stations.     

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公交等时线刻画了在相同时间内利用公交可达的最大范围.提出一种公交等时线的计算方法,并将其应用在城市时空可达性的计算中.首先分析了公交出行时空过程,认为公交出行时空过程中应该包括步行到车站、候车、乘车、换乘、从车站到达目的地等子过程,然后针对每个子过程提出其耗费时间的计算方法.根据给定出发地点和总出行时间,采用网格法和反距离加权插值法得到等时线.利用广州市公交GPS数据,绘制得到以广州市天河城为中心的等时线.最后以单位时间等时线所覆盖空间范围作为可达性的度量值,计算公交出行方式下广州市天河区的时空可达性,由可达性剖面图分析其不同方向的可达性差异.     

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在城市轨道交通中,随着各条线路的末班车按运行计划逐站完成载客任务,路网上OD两点间的可达路径逐渐变少,直至两点间不可达,这样的路网服务能力随时间的动态变化,称为动态可达性。本文研究运行计划约束下的路网动态可达性计算方法,以支持末班车开行的优化,实现搭乘末班车出行乘客目的地可达的最大化。本文首先分析了末班车开行带来的动态可达性,给出了最晚可达时间、路径可达性、OD可达性定义。在此基础上,提出了末班车开行下路网可达性的计算方法与最晚可达时间求解的递归算法。最后,以路网可达性最大为目标,将可达性计算方法应用于末班车换乘衔接优化。通过算例分析验证了可达性计算方法的有效性。