全国沿海港口码头综合通过能力核查成果分析与探讨

介绍2010年全国沿海港口码头综合通过能力和“十一五”期间集装箱、煤炭、原油、矿石等专业化码头泊位建成投产情况,分析我国沿海港口发展和建设存在的主要问题。结合最新发展规划,预测未来年度港口货物吞吐量,并对港口发展和建设提出意见与建议。     

Public regulation and passengers importance in port infrastructure costs

Because ports are conceived and designed mainly to be the transfer point of various types of freight, passengers tend to be forgotten in the analysis of port costs. In this paper first we investigate the importance of passengers in port infrastructure costs by means of a multi-output cost function estimated from 20 annual observations (1986-2005) for 26 Spanish Port Authorities. Results show that, although a passenger weights on average less than one tenth of a ton, he or she represents as much as two tons of solid bulk and about three tons of containerized general cargo in terms of marginal costs. Secondly, we compare the marginal costs of different cargoes with their price caps established by law. Results suggest that some type of second best pricing is induced by present regulation.     

The Indian dry ports sector, pricing policies and opportunities for public-private partnerships

At the time of writing (2010), the world is witnessing the aftermath of the most severe financial sector meltdown in modern economic history caused by the real estate bubble in the United States. Its consequences on the real economy, especially in Europe, are yet to be fathomed, and this of course includes the longer-term impacts on international ocean transportation, ports and the distribution of global production.The economic recession has left the international shipping and port sectors with substantial overcapacity. This has resulted in drastic cost cutting measures on the one hand, and voluntary, often consensual, and coordinated reduction of supply on the other. These measures, together with a noticeable recovery in demand, are gradually leading again to improvement in prices charged by carriers and other transport service providers.In view of the country’s expanse; size of population; and regional inequalities, India’s dry ports (inland cargo consolidation and distribution centres) are seen by the government as a pivot of export-led growth and economic development (Haralambides & Gujar, 2011). Moreover, public and private sectors alike see the coordinated development of dry ports as the only way forward in terms of easing pressures at congested coastal ports, thus improving supply chain efficiency. In spite of this, dry port development and operations are still dominated by the public sector, under prices, capacity, land acquisition policies and other conditions that make private sector participation risky and comparatively unattractive. In order to rationalize dry port capacity and prices, this paper argues in favour of greater devolution through competition-enhancing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The paper puts forward recommendations for the necessary legal, regulatory and general economic policy interventions based on international best practice, while keeping Indian specificities in the right perspective.     

深水航道对江苏港口的推动作用及港口发展策略分析

长江南京以下12. 5 m深水航道工程的实施,有力地提升了长江干线江苏段的航道通过能力。针对江苏沿江港口如何依托深水航道推动自身发展的问题,在分析深水航道对到港船舶大型化提升、航运成本下降、运输组织优化、沿江产业转型升级等方面的促进作用的基础上,提出完善和畅洲水道航道条件、整合港口资源和优化布局、加强港口基础设施建设、优化临港产业布局、改善口岸通关政策等建议。     

A ‘Less-flexibility-first’ Heuristic for the Placement of Inland Vessels in a Lock

Abstract

Inland vessels move goods along waterways (canals and rivers) and they visit ports. Because of their tidal nature, vessels make use of locks to enter ports or waterways. From a port management point of view, fast access to and from the port and high utilization of locks are important objectives. Where the former relates to low inbound and outbound waiting times, the latter relates to the placement of as many vessels as possible in the lock before its operation. This article includes a case study that relates to the operation of the Van Cauwelaert lock in the port of Antwerp, Belgium. Lock operation policy is as follows: vessels wait in front of the lock for a port administrator to assign places in the lock based on knowledge of the vessels’ dimensions. As such, there is no FIFO-discipline, but a ‘group-FIFO’-discipline, i.e. if n vessels are allowed into the lock, they are the first n vessels in the arrival queue. A heuristic algorithm is formulated for the placement of vessels in the lock. This algorithm supports the decision where to place the vessel in the lock, aiming to place as many vessels as possible from the arrival queue. At the same time, it supports the decision to start a locking operation or not, based on information about vessels that are announced but which have not yet arrived at the lock's entrance. The heuristic is called a ‘less-flexibility-first’-heuristic as it looks for pseudo-placements, showing which flexibility is left for the remaining vessels after placing a vessel. This article describes the implementation of the heuristic and provides numerical examples. A comparison is made between the heuristic results and daily practice, based on real-life vessel movements through the Van Cauwelaert lock in 2002.     

广西沿海港口的航道建设

文章介绍了广西沿海三港—防城港、钦州港和北海港进港航道的现状和建设情况。指出科学合理地确定航道的建设规模、走向和选取合适的航道尺度,是广西沿海港口航道工程建设的关键和重点。     

用CAD/CAM技术研制6105A柴油机进排气道金属热芯盒

主要阐述了用CAD/CAM技术 ,为东风朝阳柴油机公司新开发的 6 10 5A柴油机研制进、排气道及金属热芯盒的过程 ,以期达到提高充气效率 ,实现增大功率的目的。运用CAD/CAM技术 ,能够准确、快速、高质量地完成研制设计 ,使设计者的意图圆满实现 ,缩短设计周期 ,提高一次成功的概率。能够保证模具长期使用的一致性。     

基于DBSCAN的港口泊位自动识别算法设计

为更好地监测船舶动态和船舶在港口的作业情况,通过对K-Means算法和DBSCAN(Density-Based Spa-tial Clustering of Applications with Noise)密度聚类算法进行对比,选择DBSCAN密度聚类算法对港口泊位进行聚类,对港口泊位的位置和大小进行识别.基于船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)历史数据、船舶动态信息和船舶基础信息,采用DBSCAN密度聚类算法对全球4 079个港口的泊位进行自动识别,得出泊位的位置、方向、岸线长度和类型等信息.将聚类结果与真实泊位信息相对比,结果表明,聚类结果的误差很小,证明该算法是有效的.计算结果可用于实时跟踪船舶在港作业动态,分析泊位历史作业情况,为港航基于数据的协同优化提供参考.     

辽宁省港口群的组合与发展战略研究

从目前港口在建设和经营中存在的问题入手,阐述了组合港产生的必要性和必然性.论述了构建辽宁省港口群组合发展的"差异化协调发展模式",形成以大连、营口、丹东、锦州等港口的层次分明、功能互补的总体构架,提出了适应辽宁省港口群的组合与发展的若干建议.