多核化枢纽港集疏运系统优化研究

根据上海国际航运中心的区域港口布局特征,在基于广义费用最小化的港口集疏运系统优化模型基础上,通过分析建立了包括公路、水路、铁路等多种运输方式的路段和转运枢纽广义费用函数,标定了主要参数,并借助货运分析软件STAN开展综合网络平衡分配,得到了主要枢纽港的吞吐量规模及分布的结果.结果表明,上海国际航运中心呈现多核化发展态势,主枢纽港上海港综合服务功能增强,在水路分担比例不断提高的同时,公路集疏运系统仍需扩大运输组织范围.     

Characteristics and consequences of the cruise traffic seasonality on ports: the Spanish Mediterranean case

Cruise traffic is a maritime business and tourist typology that has expanded significantly in the past two decades. The seasonality of the industry affects maritime traffic, generating negative effects for the primary stakeholders involved in the configuration of a cruise itinerary. This article focuses on cruise traffic seasonality from the perspective of cruise ports by analysing a sample of 13 ports on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The variable used was cruise passenger movements during the period 2000–2015. The main objective of this article is to analyse cruise traffic seasonality in order to identify a pattern, classify through a cluster analysis, and identify the changes in seasonality during the period. Specifically, a threefold analysis has been performed, with the additional goal of providing a series of counter-seasonal suggestions and strategies to apply in the management of cruise ports. First, the seasonality pattern of each port was determined. Second, a cluster analysis was conducted to classify ports into clusters with homogeneous seasonality patterns. Third, an analysis was conducted to identify the changes in seasonality during the period of analysis using the coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient. This article concludes the existence of two port clusters with different seasonal patterns.     

长江南京以下沿江港口对12.5m深水航道的效益响应

将长江南京以下9个规模以上沿江港口作为12. 5 m深水航道的受益对象,利用2009—2017年港口吞吐量资料分析评价12. 5 m深水航道开通对长江南京以下沿线港口的影响及实际效益。结果表明,12. 5 m深水航道开通以来沿江港口货物总吞吐量整体呈平稳增长态势,2016年初通至南京后,货物总吞吐量年增长率达到8%; 2017年南京以下主要港口完成的货物总吞吐量(24. 25亿t)是2009年深水航道开通前的1. 8倍;深水航道开通后集装箱吞吐量涨幅最明显,散杂货吞吐量占比则较开通前略有下降; 12. 5 m深水航道开通8年来,南京以下沿江港口经济效益整体呈平稳增长态势,2017年产生的港口经济效益(13. 4亿元)比2010年增长近60%。未来随着航道、船舶以及沿江港口码头等条件的持续改善,12. 5 m深水航道的综合效益还将进一步凸显。     

Modelling with joint choice of ports and countries of origin and destination: application to Colombian ports

Literature has focused on studying port choice independently or as an element of a supply chain without considering the joint selection with the country of origin/destination of the imports/exports. However, the characteristics and location of a port may make it more attractive to mobilise more freight from/to some particular countries rather than others, making the port choice decision dependent on the country of origin/destination of the cargo. This article proposes advanced econometric models to evaluate simultaneously port choice and the country of origin/destination choice for Colombian imports and exports. Findings suggest that for imports and exports domestic freight rate is the most important variable for the joint choice process. Also, for exports, maritime transit time is more relevant than for imports, while for the frequency of shipping lines the opposite is true. The existence of a trade agreement and the gross domestic product per capita also have a significant influence on the election of a country for exports/imports.     

广西北部湾港口保税物流业务培训现状研究

文章针对广西北部湾港口保税物流业务培训现状，介绍了德国、新加坡职业培训模式及其共性和特点，分析了广西北部湾港口保税物流业务培训中存在的问题，并提出完善广西北部湾港口保税物流业务培训的相关措施。     

The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies

Abstract

Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development.     

Impact of scale increase of container ships on the generalised chain cost

In recent years, an increase in the size of the container ships could be observed. The question is how these larger ships will influence the total generalised costs from a port of loading to a destination in the European hinterland. The second question is whether a scale increase of the container ships on other loops, such as a loop from the United States to Europe, has the same impact on the generalised chain costs as on the loop from Asia to Europe. A derived question is which element of the total chain has the highest importance, and whether this balance varies as the ship size changes. In this article, a model is developed that allows answering the above research questions. The model is designed to simulate the cost of a complete loop of a container ship and of a chain that uses that same loop. For the chain cost simulation, the maritime part is determined by the loop. From the ports of loading and unloading, the port container handling and the hinterland transportation costs are also integrated. The model also allows calculating the total chain cost from a point of origin (either a hinterland region or a port) to a destination point (also a port or a hinterland region). An actual container loop of a container shipping company can be introduced in the model. An application is made to two existing container loops, namely from Asia respectively the United States to Europe. It turns out that changing ship does indeed lead to economies of scale, but also that the impact is larger on the Asia–Europe connection than on the US–Europe connection. Furthermore, the maritime component has the biggest share in the total chain cost, but as ship size increases, the shares start getting closer to each other. This research contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First of all, it quantifies the impact of the scale increase of container ships throughout the total chain. Second, this is done from a bottom-up engineering modelling approach.     

外军军用码头防冲设备发展现状与启示

介绍了码头防冲设备的概念和作用,阐述了军用码头防冲设备应具备的吸能容量大、缓冲性能好、环境适应性好、易于维修等五项性能,介绍了外军现今应用的军用码头防冲设备的主要类型:如防冲桩、橡胶护舷、浮动式防冲设备等,指出了其构成材料新、组合性能好等结构方面的特点,得出了加强我军码头防冲设备保障能力建设的启示,如模拟分析战场环境、利用和改造民用防冲设备、研究适合特殊类型军舰的防冲设备等。     

The role of dry port in hub-and-spoke network under Belt and Road Initiative

Dry port plays increasingly an important role in the integration of inland regions with seaports, and cross-border inland ports especially in the context of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) originally proposed by China. This paper studies a logistics network connecting the inland regions by dry ports based on a two-stage logistical gravity model. First, a basic logistical gravity model is developed to analyze the radiated inland regions from dry ports, where the logistical quality of dry ports is calculated by principal component analysis. Second, considering mutual impacts among dry ports, seaports and cross-border inland ports, the influence of logistical gravity on the network is examined by using a coefficient based on the Ordered Weighted Averaging Operator in multi-attribute decision theory. An improved logistical gravity model is further developed to investigate the logistical connections among various ports (e.g. dry ports, seaports and cross-border inland ports; hub and feeder ports). Then, a hub-and-spoke network can be established. Dry ports are potential to connect to the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. So a Chinese case is used to verify the proposed method. The strategies of embedding inland regions in the BRI are discussed based on the experimental studies.