Naturalistic driving data collection to investigate into the effects of road geometrics on track behaviour

Road designers assume that drivers will follow the road alignment with trajectories centred in the lane, and move at the design speed parallel to the road centreline (i.e., the horizontal alignment). Therefore, they assume that if the horizontal alignment indicates the “designed trajectory”, the driving path indicates the “operating trajectory”. However, at present, they do not have the necessary tools to measure the relationship between the designed alignment and possible vehicle trajectories.The paper has two objectives: (a) to develop an understanding of the root causes of differences between road alignment and vehicle trajectories; and (b) to define and calibrate a model that estimates the local curvature of trajectories on the basis of the designed horizontal alignment.The two objectives were pursued by carrying out a naturalistic survey using vehicles equipped with high precision GPS in real-time kinematics (RTK) mode driven by test drivers on road sections of known geometric characteristics. The results provide an insight into the effects of road geometrics on driver behaviour, thus anticipating possible driving errors or unexpected/undesired behaviours, information which can then be used to correct possible inconsistencies when making decisions at the design stage.     

在鸭绿江整治中对山区河流弯道弯曲半径的初步探讨

鸭绿江山区河流两侧一般受地形的约束,坡陡流急,水流线路不易改变,如果在某些河段弯道处采取单一圆弧处理,有时会较大地改变河流走向,带来较多的工程量。通过利用拉宾和里奥普提出的正弦派生曲线理论,对鸭绿江山区河流弯道情况进行分析,探讨选取山区河流弯道水流弯曲半径新的方法,采取具有变化曲率半径的正弦派生曲线来规划航道走向,起到了优化环境的作用。     

A Methodology for Curve and Surface Fitting with Adaptive Fairing for Digitized Points

Introduction In the process of part or product design, re-verse engineering is a method for constructing aCAD model from the physical part that already ex-ists[1-4]. The whole process starts from digitizingthe part, i.e., the measuring of coordinates of t…     

Digital map as a virtual sensor – dynamic road curve reconstruction for a curve speed assistant

While digital map has been applied to many advanced driver assistance system applications, one critical attribute – road/lane curvature—is not available in the existing digital maps. Curvature derivation using splines is a well-known method in the computer graphics modelling community; however, it was also found that the direct application of the spline method is often not appropriate for real-time safety applications due to the resultant discontinuities in the curvature estimates and the lack of robustness against map data errors [CAMP, Enhanced digital mapping project final report, United States Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 2004]. This paper presents a method to reconstruct road curvature attributes in real time using digital map data based on the proposed circle centre search and circle selection algorithms. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can deliver curvature estimates that meet the desired accuracy. The method was also applied to the curve over-speed warning system in an on-going research project: Vehicle Infrastructure Integration—California. Some preliminary experimental results are also presented in this paper.     

妈湾跨海通道工程隧道选线快速评价模型研究

为解决滨海地区跨海隧道选线难题,依托妈湾跨海通道工程,在分析影响海底隧道建设安全的地质因素的基础上,从隧道线位地质适应性角度出发,综合考虑地质条件、设计方案、施工方法等因素,基于打分制提出选线快速评价模型。模型包含平面曲率半径、纵坡坡度、抗浮安全系数、隧道埋深、与平面控制因素水平距离、差异沉降6项评价指标。选线快速评价模型前5项指标不满足设计要求时采用一票否决制,差异沉降指标考虑地下水位、土层性质、土层厚度、先期固结压力、车辆荷载等因素的影响,依据分层总和法计算隧道沉降; 同时,结合经验法推导出沉降曲率半径计算公式,并将沉降曲率半径划分为5个等级,从而构建出妈湾跨海通道工程隧道选线快速评价模型,并将其嵌入到三维参数化选线分析平台,实现隧道地质参数快速选取和隧道线位快速评价。采用选线快速评价模型对妈湾跨海通道3条盾构线位进行选线评价,评分分数分别为79.3、71.3、84.1,对隧道选线设计具有一定的参考意义。     

基于点云信息的既有线整正方法研究

为适应列车提速后高平顺性与高舒适性的需要,利用激光扫描技术获取的连续数据点云信息,通过曲率梳分析对轨道几何形位进行了描述,从曲率变化率入手,找出传统测量模式与提速行驶后现场新标准养护作业的盲区所在,并提出既有铁路曲线曲率变化率整正方法,从原有的面向过程的纯线形管理模式下的几何形位拟合思路转换为面向对象的车轨一体化线形养护新思路,使养护的线路几何形位与列车运动特性相吻合。     

液体黏滞阻尼器与双曲面球形减隔震支座联合应用研究

以某城际铁路105 m简支系杆拱桥为工程依托,采用液体黏滞阻尼器与双曲面球形减隔震支座联合作用方式,对结构进行罕遇地震下的抗震设计,以了解二者联合应用于减隔震设计时的特性。利用Midas/Civil软件,采用非线性时程分析方法,对液体黏滞阻尼器与双曲面球形减隔震支座分别应用于结构的减震效果,以及二者联合应用时的减震特性分别进行了分析。分析结果显示,液体黏滞阻尼器的减震效果要优于双曲面球形减隔震支座。在给定的减震目标下二者联合应用时,液体黏滞阻尼器的吨位及结构墩顶水平力均较单独使用有所降低,对阻尼器的布置及结构的抗震设计是有利的;双曲面球形减隔震支座对地震能量耗散小,支座的摩阻系数提高时虽然增大了地震能量消耗比,但增大了结构墩顶水平力与震后残余位移,对结构抗震是不利的;二者联合应用时,应结合设防结构自身特点与减隔震设计目标,选取合适的设计参数。     

基于支持向量机和模态曲率的桥梁结构损伤识别

提出了一种用于桥梁结构损伤识别的支持向量机方法。该方法以结构损伤前后的模态曲率差参数为支持向量机的输入参数,c-svc算法为损伤位置识别算法,ε-svr算法为损伤程度识别算法。最后以三跨连续梁桥为数值模拟算例,以存在单个及多个损伤单元为损伤工况,验证该方法的有效性,识别结果表明基于支持向量机和模态曲率的损伤识别方法能够准确识别出结构的损伤位置,损伤程度识别误差在4%以内。     

径向基网络在简支梁损伤识别中的应用

对简支梁进行了损伤分析,研究了不同损伤工况下的频率变化率和模态振型曲率变化,并采用径向基神经网络对结构进行了损伤识别研究,研究中采用了三种方案:仅利用频率变化率;仅用第1阶模态曲率变化;综合使用前3阶频率变化率和模态曲率变化.结果表明,基于动力参数和径向基神经网络的结构损伤识别方法能够准确地识别结构的损伤程度,神经网络...     

隧道抗震仰拱形式优化分析

借助大型有限元软件ANSYS对隧道的地震反应进行数值模拟研究,确定计算模型并选取适当的材料参数,利用EL.Centro地震波研究处于特定条件下仰拱形式不同的隧道,分析隧道衬砌的位移、应力变化情况,确定不同围岩条件下适宜的隧道仰拱曲率半径,优化隧道仰拱形式。