职业卫生监测中应用个体噪声剂量计异常值处置方法的研究

针对职业卫生噪声个体监测过程中异常导致的数据无法使用的问题,本文以某大型装置巡检工个体噪声监测中出现的异常情况为例,探讨数据调整方法。研究发现删除异常值或使用平均值替代两种方法,数据调整后与实际情况吻合度较好,两种方法均能满足个体声级计监测实践要求。     

广西路面基层碎石强度评价指标研究

在不同条件下对广西地区常见各类岩石轧制碎石测试其强度变化，认为仅用碎石的压碎值或芯样抗压强度不能反映其合格性，提出增加碎石的软化系数，CBR值指标评价其路用合格性。     

Papahānaumokuākea: Integrating Culture in the Design and Management of one of the World's Largest Marine Protected Areas

Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is one of the world's largest marine protected areas and was designated the first mixed conservation site in the United States due to its natural and cultural importance. It is also the world's first cultural seascape, being recognized for its continuing connections to indigenous people. As the westernmost place in the Hawaiian universe, many believe these islands and seas are the pathway that Native Hawaiians travel after death, returning to pō (night; realm of the gods). This intimate kinship has profound implications for contemporary management. Current management emphasizes integration of science, policy, cultural knowledge, traditions, and practices to create successful management strategies appropriate for both natural and cultural resources. This management is based on Native Hawaiian values and practices that incorporate observation and understanding of the natural world, indigenous principles and philosophies, cultural norms, community relationships, and unique epistemologies deeply imbedded in and formed by relationships of people with place. A cornerstone of this effort has been the direct involvement of cultural practitioners in policy, management, education, and research. This biocultural approach has led to more effective management of the monument and serves as a model for conservation around the world.     

The Dependency of People on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

Understanding how people are dependent on Large Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) is important for understanding how people might be sensitive to changes that affect these seascapes. We review how resource dependency is conceptualized and propose that it be broadened to include cultural values such as pride in resource status, scientific heritage, appreciation of aesthetics, biodiversity, and lifestyle opportunities. We provide an overview of how local residents (n = 3,181 face-to-face surveys), commercial fishers (n = 210, telephone surveys), and tourism operators (n = 119 telephone surveys) are potentially dependent on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), a region currently experiencing significant environmental, social, and economic change. We found that commercial fishers and tourism operators were dependent not only financially on the GBR, but also because of their age, years in the industry and region, lack of education, and the number of dependents. These stakeholders lacked flexibility to secure alternative employment. All stakeholder groups, regardless of economic imperatives, were dependent on the GBR because of their cultural connections. We propose that resource dependency also provides an umbrella concept to describe the cultural services provided by an ecosystem, which can be described through place-based dependence and place-identity.     

细粒土的全压实曲线与压实土体的强度特性研究

对3种细粒土在3种击实功作用下的全压实曲线(含水量变化从零到土体趋于饱和),以及沿击实曲线的无侧限抗压强度、饱水与不饱水状态下的CBR强度特性进行了试验研究。试验研究表明:细粒土压实曲线具有两个重要的边界特征,即当含水量较小时,细粒土在一定击实功作用下的干密度值随含水量改变而变化的幅度很小,而当土体含水量较高时,随着含水量的增大,土体在不同击实功作用下的击实曲线均趋向合一,且土样的饱和度基本维持在某一定值;压实土样的最大干密度与最优含水量与击实功的常用对数分别呈线性递增和递减关系;沿全压实曲线,击实土样在最优含水量的干侧出现无侧限抗压强度峰值,且其强度值维持较高水平的含水量范围与塑限的大小有关;沿压实曲线,土样的不饱水CBR强度(单轴灌入强度)随含水量的增大而单调减小,当土样含水量较大时,重型击实功作用下土样的不饱水CBR强度反而低于采用中间和轻型击实功制备的土样的强度,而饱水CBR强度在最优含水量的湿侧的某一含水量范围内还呈递增趋势。实际工程中,应充分掌握和利用细粒土的这些压实和强度特性,制定出合理的压实控制指标和标准。     

沥青混凝土路面预防性养护效益计算及参数

路面预养护效益分析是路面预养护技术的核心,是比选预养护方案和确定实施时机的前提。根据美国等路面预养护效益分析的经验,结合我国公路养护技术水平,对沥青混凝土路面预养护效益分析中的效益指标、效益计算基线和预养护时间范围展开了讨论;进而,提出我国现阶段沥青混凝土路面预养护分析中效益指标选用建议和它们计算下基线的参考值,以及预养护时间范围的控制指标和控制标准的建议值。     

Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.     

The Offshore Wind Power Debate: Views from Cape Cod

Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are estimated to be over 400 GW, several times the electricity used by U.S. eastern coastal states. The first U.S. developer proposes to build 130 large (40 story tall) wind turbines in Nantucket Sound, just outside Massachusetts state waters. These would provide 420 MW at market prices, enough electricity for most of Cape Cod. The project is opposed by a vigorous and well-financed coalition. Polling shows local public opinion on the project almost equally divided. This article draws on semistructured interviews with residents of Cape Cod to analyze values, beliefs, and logic of supporters and opponents. For example, one value found to lead to opposition is that the ocean is a special place that should be kept natural and free of human intrusion. One line of argument found to lead to support is: The war in Iraq is problematic, this war is “really” over petroleum, Cape Cod generates electricity from oil, therefore, the wind project would improve U.S. security. Based on analysis of the values and reasoning behind our interview data, we identify four issues that are relevant but not currently part of the debate.     

灰土在路、堤结合公路中的应用

以浙北旅游公路（公路与堤坝相结合的道路）为例,介绍现有堤坝土、送检石灰、粉煤灰样本的特性,通过控制不同掺灰量对老堤坝土路基进行改善试验,得出最优经济方案,从而达到堤坝抗渗的目的和道路填筑材料CBR值的要求。     

国道210线树林召至东胜段公路改建工程地质问题分析

以国道210线树林召-东胜段公路改建工程为研究对象,经过现场地质调查,从地形地貌、区域构造、地层特点及路基填料适应性等方面对其进行宏观地质评价。本研究对附近地质背景相近的公路建设项目评价有一定借鉴意义。