S^2 BHCA Multiple AUVs cooperation oriented control architecture

Oceanographic survey, or other similar applications should be the applications of multiple AUVs. In this paper, the skill ＆ simulation based hybrid control architecture （S^2BHCA） as the controller＇s design reference was proposed. It is a multi-robot cooperation oriented intelligent control architecture based on hybrid ideas. The S^2BHCA attempts to incorporate the virtues of the reactive controller and of the deliberative controller by introducing the concept of the ＂skill＂. The additional online task simulation ability for cooperation is supported, too. As an application, a multiple AUV control system was developed with three ＂skills＂ for the MCM mission including two different cooperative tasks. The simulation and the sea trials show that simple task expression, fast reaction and better cooperation support can be achieved by realizing the AUV controller based on the S^2BHCA.     

不同水文组合对长江口南港流场的影响

长江口南港河段流场受径流、潮流、地形及风浪的影响,相当复杂。现场资料耗资巨大,且水文条件差别较大,模型进行了12种不同水文组合的试验,以弥补现场资料的不足。根据试验结果对南港河段水位、流量、流速的变化规律进行了研究,同时分析了南港的流场特征。     

船舶在波浪中靠帮运动理论预报

运用三维势流理论给出了两船在波浪中运动的数学模型,并对两船在不同横向间隙以及纵向相对位置时小船的运动响应进行了数值预报,结果表明,相对较小船在不同位置处以及不同浪向下运动响应差异较大,因而可对今后实船作业如何选取合适的相对位置和浪向提供指导,并为以后开展此类研究工作奠定了基础.     

预裂爆破中爆生裂缝扩展的机理探讨及预裂炮孔间距的设计方法

炸药爆炸产生的爆生裂缝是由爆炸应力波和爆生气体共同作用的结果。文中运用炸药爆炸的应力波理论,计算初始裂纹的长度;然后按照岩石的脆断理论计算爆生裂缝的最终扩展长度,对预裂爆破中爆炸作用过程和裂缝的扩展机理进行分析。同时还讨论了预裂炮孔间距的设计方法,认为在炮孔间距设计时,应考虑原生裂缝的存在。     

A second order volume of fluid （VOF） scheme for numerical simulation of 2-D breaking waves

Among all environmental forces acting on ocean structures and marine vessels, those resulting from wave impacts are likely to yield the highest loads. Being highly nonlinear, transient and complex, a theoretical analysis of their impact would be impossible without numerical simulations. In this paper, a pressure-split two-stage numerical algorithm is proposed based on Volume Of Fluid (VOF) methodology. The algorithm is characterized by introduction of two pressures at each half and full cycle time step, and thus it is a second-order accurate algorithm in time. A simplified second-order Godunov-type solver is used for the continuity equations. The method is applied to simulation of breaking waves in a 2-D water tank, and a qualitative comparison with experimental photo observations is made. Quite consistent results are observed between simulations and experiments. Commercially available software and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) have also been used to simulate the same problem. The results from present code and BIM are in good agreement with respect to breaking location and timing, while the results obtained from the commercial software which is only first-order accurate in time has clearly showed a temporal and spatial lag, verifying the need to use a higher order numerical scheme.     

Experimental study on the width of the turbulent area around bridge pier

At present, the method of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is not given in the "Standard for Inland River Navigation" (GB50139-2004) in China, and the bridge designer usually increases the bridge span in order to ensure the navigation safety, which increases both of the structural design difficulty and the project investments. Therefore, it is extremely essential to give a research on the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier. Through the experiments of the fixed bed and the mobile bed, the factors influencing the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier have been analyzed, such as the approaching flow speed, the water depth, the angles between the bridge pier and the flow direction, the sizes of bridge pier, the shapes of the bridge pier, and the scouring around the bridge pier, etc. Through applying the dimension analytic method to the measured data, the formula of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is then inferred.     

隧道火灾三维数值模拟的瞬态分析

用连续方程、动量方程、能量方程及气体组分方程描述隧道内气流流动状态,采用湍流粘性系数模型中考虑浮力影响的湍流模型方程(K-ε方程),对某实验隧道火灾进行三维数值模拟瞬态分析,研究隧道火灾特性和烟气的速度场及温度场发展规律。研究结果表明,在横截面上先被加热的是拱顶,随着时间推移,高温烟气不断对其进行对流换热,整个横截面温度逐渐升高,且分布发生变化,经过一定时间后,分布形式基本确定,并向稳态逼近。采用3 m.s-1的机械通风,隧道内没有出现烟气逆流区,很好地抑制了气流的回流,满足隧道火灾通风要求,为上游人员及车辆逃离提供了气流通道。     

Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

EMS型磁悬浮列车运行阻力计算

就传统的轮机列车和ＥＭＳ型磁悬浮列车运行时所受到的阻力进行了简要分析，着重计算了ＥＭＳ型磁悬浮列车的电磁阻力，并提出了青城山试验示范线磁悬浮列车对直线电机驱动功率的要求。     

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Y direction equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y -direction is comparitively the greatest.