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Katrin Augustin 《Research in Transportation Economics》2010,29(1):36-44
In this paper, we empirically investigate operator changes and the structural conditions in competitive tendering of bus services in Germany. We show that the focus has been on regional services, which has led to a loss in market share for the incumbent DB Stadtverkehr companies and gains for private companies, whereas municipal services have rarely been tendered out. The high average number of bidders (5.1) and the high probability of an operator change (58.2%) are positively influenced by tendering in larger volumes and longer contractual lengths. Tenders in early years have been more likely subject to an operator change. By contrast, complexity drivers such as the number of lines and mixed urban and regional transports exhibit a negative influence on competition. 相似文献
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Katrin Dziekan 《Transportation》2008,35(4):519-538
This paper studies the memory representations of residents regarding the public transport system in their city. Telephone
interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 204 inhabitants in a selected residential inner-city area in Stockholm.
Route knowledge questions, recognition tasks, free-recall tasks and estimations of service frequency were used to explore
memory representations. The results showed that, in general, residents in metropolitan areas have good knowledge of the public
transport options along well-known transport corridors. The memory representation of lesser-known transport corridors tends
to be of a poorer quality. In the results presented here, the variables gender, age, employment status, level of education
and car availability had no correlation with the quality of the memory representation, but experience increased knowledge.
Although frequent users of public transport had a more detailed representation of the system, the less frequent users also
had a considerable- and good-memory representation. An explorative hierarchy for representation of public transport lines
in the memory is proposed. It is hypothesised that memory representations of a transport line can be affected by the following
three factors: the extent to which a line is visible in the urban area, the straightness of the routes and whether or not
stops are labelled, for example, by destination area. Simply put, these factors determine how well a person knows a line.
It was found that people first remember a commuter train and a trunk bus line, followed by metro lines and suburban buses
and finally normal inner-city buses with the poorest anchorage in memory.
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Katrin DziekanEmail: |
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