Two Phase Pressure Drop Performance of Refrigerant in a Small Horizontal Smooth Tube with 2.5 mm inside Diameter

Two-phase flow pressure drop measurements were made during the phase change heat transfer process of R22 in a small horizontal smooth tube with 2.5 mm inside diameter. Conclusions can be drawn that the quality corresponding to the pressure gradient peak value of small tubes became higher than that of large tubes. The effect of quality to pressure drop becomes weak as the mass flux increases. The experiment data were compared with the predicated values of the state-of-the-art correlations from the open literature. The comparisons between the data and the predictions indicate that most of the state-of-the-art correlations fails to predict the experimental data.Chisholm model shows a relatively better predictive ability than the other empirical correlations although it has a mean deviation of 26.7%. But the predicated values of Chisholm model are lower by 50% than the experimental data when the quality becomes larger.     

直流1500V接触轨系统的安全防护

论述直流1500V接触轨系统的安全性,包括系统安全、设备安全、人身安全。通过故障模式后果分析法,对1500V接触轨系统的可靠性进行分析。在对国内外相关规范要求分析的基础上,认为不管是直接接触防护还是间接接触防护,对于人身安全防护标准而言,直流1500V接触轨系统与直流750V接触轨系统是一致的。同时,就涉及1500V接触轨设备自身安全的绝缘距离和爬电距离提出技术要求。阐述直流1500V接触轨系统的安全防护策略,并相应采取一系列安全防护措施。     

基于GOOSE通信的智能保护装置在青岛地铁中压供电网络的应用

大分区环网接线的中压供电网络在建设投资和运营能耗两方面具有较好的经济性,在地铁供电系统中得到广泛应用。结合青岛地铁11号线工程实践分析指出,大分区环网接线对继电保护的选择性及速动性提出更高的要求;而传统继电保护方案依靠时间级差配合满足选择性要求,会造成保护动作延时过长、与城网变电站保护匹配性差、设备热稳定性要求高等问题,已难以满足大分区环网接线的要求。因此,推荐在大分区环网接线的中压供电网络中采用基于GOOSE通信的智能保护配置方案。智能保护方案通过组建专用的GOOSE网络实现本站及相邻车站各智能保护装置之间的数据快速交换,并根据交换的数据信息对过电流保护进行逻辑判断以确定实际的故障发生位置,从而使最靠近故障点的保护装置快速动作。智能保护方案可从根本上解决继电保护的选择性、速动性问题,能够更好地匹配中压供电网络大分区环网接线方案。     

A New Experimental Rig of Testing Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Refrigerant and Lubricant Mixture

This paper proposed a new experimental rig of testing flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture. The quantity of oil in the test section can be controlled and regulated conveniently and accurately by connecting separate lubricant oil circuit with test section in parallel. It was built up by retrofitting a multiple air-conditioner and installing three oil-separators in serials at the compressor outlet. And so the lubricant oil in the discharged refrigerant gas of compressor can be removed completely. The refrigerant flow rate through test section can be bypassed by the by-path circuit of indoor unit. This experimental rig has advantages such as on-line and continuous oil injection, short time of obtaining stability, flexible operation, simple control, which lead to high efficiency in the research of flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture.     

钢轨电位限制器新型控制方式研究

对城市轨道交通钢轨电位限制器应用中存在的问题进行分析,如频繁通断及闭锁会导致杂散电流泄露增大、运营维护工作量增加等。结合钢轨电位限制器的功能及动作原理,提出引入列车进/出站信号作为保护判据的新型控制方式,以减少钢轨电位限制器的误动作。     

青岛城阳区现代有轨电车示范线供电方案

结合青岛城阳工程实践,对现代有轨电车供电方案关键技术进行分析,并指出多数现代有轨电车负荷等级宜定义为二级负荷,中压网络应采用简单可靠的单环网接线方式;直流牵引系统主接线宜选用简单、可靠、经济性好的单机组单母线方案;牵引变电所间距确定应以杂散电流防护及牵引网网压作为首要判据;建议取消架空地线以简化接触网线索,降低架空接触网对沿线景观影响等。最后,指出现代有轨电车牵引供电方案不应照搬中大运量城市轨道交通的做法,应根据现代有轨电车特点确定合理的供电方式。     

城市轨道交通钢轨电位异常问题研究

针对国内某地铁线路出现的车辆段和正线钢轨电位限制器（OVPD）频繁动作的问题，搭建了综合考虑正线和段场的回流系统仿真模型，研究正线和段场钢轨电位的传播机理。在某停车场及邻近3个正线车站进行了同步试验，通过对单向导通装置电压、电流以及钢轨电位的测试结果进行分析，利用供电仿真模型还原了该线路正常运营期间单向导通装置对停车场和正线钢轨电位的影响过程，得出结论：设置单向导通装置会恶化段场钢轨电位并导致OVPD动作；段场OVPD分合闸过程中会产生操作过电压，该过电压会通过单向导通装置传递至正线，进而导致正线车站Ⅰ段甚至Ⅱ段OVPD动作。