城市轨道交通站点网络结构综合重要度识别

研究目的:为识别城市轨道交通站点在网络拓扑结构中的综合重要度,分别用复杂网络中节点的度中心性、接近中心性和介数中心性描述车站在线网中与其他车站的直接关联性、联系的便捷性以及在其他车站间联系中的桥接作用,从三个维度建立车站在网络拓扑结构中的重要度指标;为减少主、客观综合评价结果的差异性,兼顾评价方法的功能驱动与差异驱动的特点,基于主客观集成赋权法建立站点的综合重要度模型。研究结论:通过分析北京地铁线网中站点的中心性分布,并对全网站点的综合重要度进行识别,发现:(1)中心性高的站点多分布于功能核心区及中心城办公、商业密集区内;(2)环型结构线路上站点的中心性均值最高,棋盘型线路次之,而放射型线路最低;(3)综合重要度大于0. 05的站点服务区域涵盖了城市中央商务区、高新技术核心区、综合枢纽等重要开发区域,表明总体上站点综合重要度分布与北京城市区位关系相吻合;(4)本研究成果可为轨道交通站点与城市区位关系的匹配性规划、围绕重要站点进行的一体化开发等提供一定的参考。     

Design and Combustion Characteristic Analysis of Free Piston Stirling Engine External Combustion System

The free piston Stirling engine external combustion system was simulated to investigate the diesel-air combustion characteristics in order to demonstrate its feasibility by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The different effects on combustion were distinguished by analyzing the combustion burner, the injection position of diesel oil, the front tube arrangement of Stirling heater head and the back fin. The results show that the tilted front tube arrangement of the heater head with the back fin is the best practicable technology while the distance between the diesel nozzle position and the swirler top is 0. Its total heat flux is 15.6 kW, and the average heat transfer coefficients of the front and back tubes are 127W/(m² · K) and 192W/(m² · K), respectively. The heat transfer is mainly through convection, and the proportion of radiative heat transfer is only 16.9%. The best combustion efficiency of the free piston Stirling engine external combustion system is 86%.