中国铁路客运枢纽发展回顾与展望

随着中国新一代高铁枢纽的陆续建成,简单的站前广场换乘模式逐渐让位于全天候、无障碍、人车分行的换乘空间接驳模式。新型枢纽的空间特征、核心价值与局限性亟待总结。基于国内外铁路客运枢纽发展历史与背景的研究,将铁路客运枢纽按照空间特征分为三种类型:传统铁路客运站、铁路交通综合体和客站城市综合体。从客流需求变化、城市发展背景、运营管理差异三方面详细分析国内外铁路客运枢纽空间模式选择的影响因素。结合中国高铁建设机制的变迁,提出未来中国铁路客运枢纽的发展方向:大城市高铁枢纽应强化与城市空间的衔接,加强与城市商业功能的有机结合,由铁路交通综合体向客站城市综合体转型;中小城市高铁枢纽应采取更加灵活、集约、经济的形式,谋求特色产业与枢纽交通功能的结合。     

Estimating the bus user time benefits of implementing a median busway: Methodology and case study

This paper presents a general framework to estimate the bus user time benefits of a median busway including the effects on travel time and access time. Unlike previous models, we take into account the effects of geometry and the interaction with the demand structure. Models for predicting the bus in-vehicle time benefits of a median dual carriageway busway against mixed traffic condition on 2 and 3 lanes roads are estimated using data from a case study in Santiago (Chile), using a bus travel time model empirically estimated and considering different base case situations, including mixed traffic operations and bus lanes. Results of the application show that the expected in-vehicle time savings of a median busway might be reduced by access time losses due to increased walking distances and road crossing delays. Also, that net time benefits can vary significantly according to the base situation and the structure of demand considered. These findings point out to the need of including a wider set of impacts when studying the benefits of median busways, beyond in-vehicle time savings only. The empirical work presented here is completely based on passive data coming from GPS and smartcards, what makes easier and cheaper to conduct this type of analysis as well as to do it with a comprehensive scope at an early stage of the development of a BRT project. This framework can be extended to other types of dedicated bus lanes provided that a corresponding bus travel time savings model is available.     

深广中通道东隧西桥方案和全隧方案比选

深广中通道是国务院确定的重大基础设施项目,对南沙、广州、珠三角的未来发展具有重要意义。这样一个重大工程项目,对区域经济和社会发展,对国防、水利、航运等均有深远影响,且耗资巨大,需审慎对待,做好前期的方案比选,选择最优方案,不要使工程建设给国家、社会留下遗憾。对东隧西桥方案和全隧方案,从船舶发展趋势、区域经济发展需求、国防要求、水环境影响、技术等方面进行比选。认为东隧西桥方案,本末倒置,违背了在大江大河上建设通道开展论证的基本要求; 坚持该方案,将造成难以估量的战略损失和不可弥补的历史遗憾。提出3条建议： 1）全隧方案可行,建议采取全隧方案; 2）若有关方面对全隧方案有疑虑,建议参照港珠澳大桥的通航标准,缩短隧道长度,仅广州港主航道段以隧道方式穿越; 3）搁置争议,继续深化论证,待时机成熟时再决定建设。     

城市公交专用道规划方法研究——以厦门岛为例

目前大城市交通问题日益严峻,公交运营面临车内外双拥挤的局面,开展公交专用道规划势在必行。论文以厦门岛为例,对公交专用道的规划方法进行了归纳总结,经过上位规划分析、实施条件分析以及设置模式比选,提出公交专用道的规划方案与实施计划,构筑与相关规划相衔接、与现状条件相适应、与设置模式相匹配的公交专用道网络,形成了一套比较成熟的规划方法,可为今后的公交专用道规划工作提供参考。     

小城镇独生子女中学生社会化研究——以广东省河婆镇为例

通过性格与行为特征、生活技能、社会规范、角色认同、社会交往、生活目标、自我意识等七个社会化指标的测量,发现小城镇独生子女的社会化发展状况与非独生子女之间不存在显著的差别。被以前的研究所描绘的众多的“属于独生子女”的特征、现象和问题,实际上可能是改革开放以来城市青少年的整体特征、普遍现象和共同问题,而非独生子女所独有。在认识独生子女社会化问题时,不能忽略与他们“共同成长的”中国社会,更应该采取发展的观点来认识独生子女问题。     

大跨砼斜拉桥的线性与非线性稳定分析

对大跨砼斜拉桥进行的稳定分析中 ,模拟了拉索只拉特性、施加了预应力与预拉力、考虑了材料非线性与几何非线性 ,得到了合理的计算结果     

螺旋桨毂帽鳍节能装置的数值评估与试验研究

对螺旋桨毂帽鳍装置的节能效果采用粘流CFD数值模拟与模型试验的方法进行了评估.利用CFD数值工具对毂帽鳍的节能机理、螺旋桨与毂帽鳍的相互作用,以及雷诺数对节能效果评估的影响进行了详细研究.研究表明,在将桨毂、毂帽鳍和桨叶看作一个系统来考虑时,才能定量评估出节能效果.毂帽鳍对整个系统总推力影响很小,对总扭矩显著减小,从而效率增加.实型尺度雷诺数下毂帽鳍计算得到的节能效果更高,这间接证实了毂帽鳍实船节能效果可能比模型试验节能效果更显著.     

专道公交车经济驾驶的车速引导机制与计算

通过车路协同系统,减少车辆行驶过程中加速、减速怠速工况次数是实现经济驾驶的一种新方法。结合油耗理论、驾驶行为和车速引导等知识体系,设计出一套不同于传统车速引导的公交车经济驾驶车速引导机制与计算方法。机制与算法在后续研究中,通过VISSIM仿真与驾驶模拟器平台实验和实际实地实验验证了其合理性,结果显示实现经济驾驶的效果良好。     

BRT and BHLS around the world: Explosive growth,large positive impacts and many issues outstanding

A survey of Bus Rapid Transit BRT and Bus of High Level of Service BHLS around the world indicates that there are about 120 cities with bus corridors, with 99 of the cities entering into the list in the last 12 years. The existing bus corridors comprise about 280 corridors, 4300 km, 6700 stations and use 30,000 buses, serving about 28 million passengers per day. In 2010–2011, 19 cities completed new systems − 16 in the developing world – and seven cities expanded their current systems. By late 2011, about 49 new cities were building systems, 16 cities were expanding their corridors, and 31 cities were in initial planning. This impressive growth may be attributed in part to the successes of Curitiba, Bogotá, México City, Istanbul, Ahmedabad and Guangzhou. These cities show low cost, rapid implementation and high performance BRTs, with significant positive externalities. Interesting trends are emerging, such as the implementation of citywide integrated bus systems, improved processes for private participation in operations, increased funding from national governments, and growth of bus manufacturers and technology providers. Despite the growth, there are some outstanding issues: BRT and BHLS do not have a single meaning and image and are often regarded as a “second best” as compared to rail alternatives. In addition several systems in the developing world suffer problems resulting from poor planning, implementation and operation, due to financial, institutional and regulatory constraints. The BRT and BHLS Industry are in their “infancy” and there is need for consolidation and concerted effort.     

沈阳城市快速公交发展思路

结合国内外相关研究,总结分析快速公交系统的组成和优点,探讨沈阳城市快速公交系统的适用性和建设的必要性,以及沈阳发展快速公交系统的有利条件,提出了沈阳快速公交系统的布局方案、设置形式、配套设施配备等建设发展思路,并进行社会经济效益评价分析。