Spatial impacts of road pricing: Accessibility, regional spillovers and territorial cohesion

Road pricing policies are gaining prominence in EU countries. These policies have positive impacts leading to mobility patterns which are socially and environmentally more desirable, but they also have negative impacts. One negative impact is to be found in regional accessibility, due to the increase in generalized transport costs. This study presents a methodology based on accessibility indicators and GIS to assess the accessibility impacts of a road pricing policy. The methodology was tested for the Spain’s road network considering two road pricing scenarios. It enables not only the more penalized regions to be identified but also negative road pricing spillover effects between regions. These effects are measured in terms of accessibility changes occurring in one region produced by charges implemented in another region. Finally, the study of accessibility disparities (by calculating inequality indexes for each of the scenarios considered), provides policymakers with useful information regarding the impact of road pricing policies from the point of view of territorial cohesion.     

浅议海事行政处罚中的地域管辖

对海事违法行为实施行政处罚,“由违法行为发现地所在管辖区的海事机构管辖”可使调查、取证、处理的效率与结果得以充分保证,这一地域管辖原则更符合海事行政处罚的实际情况和特点。     

海事诉讼协议管辖制度之探讨

依据《民事诉讼法》和《海事诉讼特别程序法》的规定,特定类型的海事纠纷可由当事人协议选择管辖法院.但现行海事诉讼协议管辖制度在案件类型、可协议选择的管辖法院范围、数量、管辖协议形式及默示协议管辖等方面存在着若干问题,应通过修改《民事诉讼法》的方式在我国建立完整、严密的协议管辖制度.     

管辖权异议上诉程序探析

管辖权异议上诉程序旨在于案件管辖权方面为当事人提供更充分的救济途径,然而司法实践中经常被滥用。以管辖权异议上诉程序的价值为研究起点,在对该程序运行状况进行实证分析的基础上,揭示滥用管辖权异议上诉权的主要特点、危害及原因,并对如何规制管辖权异议上诉权的滥用进行了探讨。     

中小型汽车运输企业如何发展物流

针对汽车运输企业发展现代物流的热点问题,本文提出了汽车运输企业发展第三方物流的优势,并着重讨论了中小型汽车运输企业应如何发展第三方物流.     

浅谈我国民诉法中管辖制度的缺陷及改进

诉讼管辖作为通往司法公正道路上的第一道生命线,意义重大,而我国民事诉讼法中管辖制度存在着许多不合理之处。文章从地域管辖、级别管辖两个方面分析其不足之处,并提出了适当扩大原告地法院管辖的设想,提出了进一步明确级别管辖的具体标准,使得级别管辖有明确的法律规定,严格限制管辖权的转移,尤其是下放性转移。     

Sailing into a dilemma: An economic and legal analysis of an EU trading scheme for maritime emissions

On the basis of a joint economic and legal analysis, we evaluate the effects of a “regional” (European) emission trading scheme aiming at reducing emissions of international shipping. The focus lies on the question which share of emissions from maritime transport activities to and from the EU can and should be included in such a system. Our findings suggest that the attempt to implement an EU maritime ETS runs into a dilemma. It is not possible to design a system that achieves emission reductions in a cost efficient manner and is compatible with international law.     

Generalized transport costs and index numbers: A geographical analysis of economic and infrastructure fundamentals

We rely on the economic theory approach to index numbers to improve the existing definitions and decompositions of variations in generalized transport costs (GTCs). As a value index, we decompose GTCs into price and quantity indices associated to economic—market—costs and infrastructure variables—distance and time within a network. The methodology allows the accurate identification of the sources of GTCs decline. We illustrate it for the case of road freight transportation in Spain between 1980 and 2007 and at a highly detailed geographical level. Average GTCs weighted by trade flows have decreased by 16.3%, with infrastructure driving that reduction. We find large territorial disparities in GTCs, but also significant geographical clusters where the market and network indices show spatial association.     

论船舶登记中的"真正联系"原则

为了改变方便旗船舶管理与控制难的问题,人们提出船旗国和船舶之间要确立“真正联系”原则。本文对“真正联系”原则的提出、对该原则的发展做出简单描述；对“真正联系”原则三要素进行详细分析,指出要符合三个事实：船旗国内的船公司至少有本国的代表或管理人的事实、在船舶所有权上船旗国应有资金参与的事实、船旗国应配备本国船员在其船上工作的事实。     

船舶进入外国港口权及其法律制度研究

随着国际贸易的发展,外籍船舶是否有权进入他国港口,笔者从国家内水的法律地位及其与领海的区别出发,对船旗国管辖与港口国管辖的竞合问题进行简要论述,就支持船舶有权进入外国港口的学说及其法律论据缺陷展开论述。