典型航线船舶排放清单及排放特征研究

文章分析了我国典型航线典型船舶排放特征,以船舶自动识别系统数据为基础,收集整理所选研究船舶排放参数,结合船舶实际航行资料,采用动力法估算了秦皇岛港—广州港航线某散货船一个航行周期的排放清单,并分析了靠港、停泊、港内机动、巡航4个船舶状态下的排放特征,绘制了2 km×2 km分辨率的空间排放特征图。结果表明,该典型航线上典型散货船舶一个航行周期排放的SOx、NOx、PM10、PM2.5总量分别为18.88吨、30.87吨、1.85吨和1.69吨。排放源分析表明从在船舶的主机、辅机和锅炉3种排放源中,主机是主要排放源。航行状态上巡航工况排放量最大;船舶排放污染物的空间分析表明,船舶在进出港口区域是污染物排放最密集的区域。     

A conceptual and methdological framework for the generation of activity-travel patterns

This paper develops a conceptual framework for the generation of activity and travel patterns in the context of more general structures and presents an integrated model system as a step toward development of an improved travel demand forecasting model system. We propose a two-stage structure to model activity and travel behavior. The first stage, the stop generation and stop/auto allocation models, consists of the choices for the number of household maintenance stops and the allocation of stops and autos to household members. The second stage, the tour formation model, includes the choices for the number of tours and the assignment of stops to tours for each individual, conditional on the choices in the first stage. Empirical results demonstrate that individual and household socio-demographics are important factors affecting the first stage choices, the generation of maintenance stops and the allocation of stops and autos among household members, and the second stage choices, the number of tours and the assignment of stops to tours. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

铁路客货列车分摊线路使用费比例的研究

客货列车均对线路造成损伤,但因运行速度、轴重和运量不同,则对线路损伤的程度不同,所承担线路使用费不同。从工务维修角度出发,以对线路使用费有决定性作用的钢轨抽换成本和轨道状态维修成本作为研究对象,建立客货列车线路使用费分摊比例的工程模型,对我国铁路进行大量现场调研,并用所建立的工程模型对现场调研数据进行处理,得到我国客运货运分摊线路使用费的比例。     

混凝土桥用环氧沥青防水粘结层材料性能试验研究

目前,环氧沥青防水粘结层材料开始应用于水泥混凝土桥梁,该文结合苏通大桥北引桥相关工程,根据室内外试验对环氧沥青防水粘结层材料特性进行初步分析,并对施工方法进行了介绍。     

Investigating micro-simulation error in activity-based travel demand forecasting: a case study of the FEATHERS framework

Activity-based models of travel demand have received considerable attention in transportation planning and forecasting in recent years. However, in most cases they use a micro-simulation approach, thereby inevitably including a stochastic error that is caused by the statistical distributions of random components. As a consequence, running a transport micro-simulation model several times with the same input will generate different outputs, which baffles practitioners in applying such a model and in interpreting the results. A common approach is therefore to run the model multiple times and to use the average value of the results. The question then becomes: what is the minimum number of model runs required to reach a stable result? In this paper, systematic experiments are carried out using Forecasting Evolutionary Activity-Travel of Households and their Environmental RepercussionS (FEATHERS), an activity-based micro-simulation modelling framework currently implemented for the Flanders region of Belgium. Six levels of geographic detail are taken into account. Three travel indices – average daily activities per person, average daily trips per person and average daily distance travelled per person, as well as their corresponding segmentations – are calculated by running the model 100 times. The results show that the more disaggregated the level, the larger the number of model runs is needed to ensure confidence. Furthermore, based on the time-dependent origin-destination table derived from the model output, traffic assignment is performed by loading it onto the Flemish road network, and the total vehicle kilometres travelled in the whole Flanders are subsequently computed. The stable results at the Flanders level provides model users with confidence that application of FEATHERS at an aggregated level requires only limited model runs.     

物流企业应用作业成本法的模型与层面

按照作业成本法的基本原理,推导出物流企业实施作业成本法的具体流程,以及基于作业的以物流服务项目为成本对象的成本计算模型,再以实际案例说明其过程,并论述了作业成本法在支持物流企业的客户管理、定价决策、业务流程再造和成本控制等方面的作用.     

出行需求分析的新方法:活动模型的应用研究

结合我国交通规划实际情况,提出新型的基于活动的出行需求分析方法,通过大量的调查数据和严密的分析,研究了数据转换的过程及方法,用以分析活动与出行的关系,并以此作为活动模型与出行模型之间的桥梁。详细阐述了数据选择和整理方法、有效性检查规则;应用居民出行调查数据,分析活动及出行特征作为模拟的基础,并提出基于交叉分类的出行量预测方法;然后制定活动-出行行为的详细模拟流程,研究各特性变量的模拟方法;给出模型的验证及确认方法,并编写计算机程序实现模拟流程。该方法已应用于辽宁某市城市居民的活动与出行特征分析,验证结果显示该方法具有较强的实用性,为活动模型的研究提供了参考。     

作业成本法在路政管理中的应用研究

基于作业成本法在路政管理系统成本测算中的研究,并结合江苏省路政管理作业模式的改进,重点对作业成本法在路政管理成本测算和控制中的应用流程进行分析,研究成果使路政管理部门能够更为准确地控制和把握路政管理各项作业活动中的各种资源,从而有利于提高路政管理工作的效率。     

控制公路工程造价必须抓设计阶段这个关键环节

主要阐述了在设计阶段公路工程造价控制的主要内容及工程造价管理发展的方向。     

A proposal for cost-related and market-oriented train running charges

This paper examines some key aspects of a charging system for promoting railway transport, including charges reflecting a clear relationship with costs (transparency) and charges reflecting the quality of the infrastructure manager's service. Train running charges recover track-related costs and can help to develop a charging system that meets these requirements. To orient train running charges to the market, a method for processing track maintenance and renewal costs is proposed whereby the quality of the service provided by an infrastructure is measured according to its utility to the railway undertaking. To achieve transparency, a single indicator is used for cost planning and the subsequent levying of costs on railway undertakings. The paper includes an example of how proposed train running charges would be calculated according to data from 14 European countries. The example shows that short-distance trains generate the lowest maintenance and renewal costs, followed by long-distance trains and freight trains.