“国有民营”一符合地铁本质特征的运营模式

指出地铁运营模式的选择应充分考虑到地铁的本质特性,分析地铁具有线路部分的自然垄断性与运营部分的非自然垄断性、公共性与企业性并存、极强的外部效应等特点,得出“国有民营”是一种符合地铁长质特征的运营模式的结论,并推出新加坡地铁的例证。     

纯电动汽车故障诊断案例分析

纯电动汽车作为市场上最普遍的新能源汽车,厂家大量生产,深受消费者的喜爱,要推动纯电动汽车的持续发展,必须要提高纯电动汽车的售后维修服务质量。维修人员要掌握纯电动汽车好的结构原理、检测维修技术,从而提升售后服务质量。本文从纯电动汽车故障诊断案例入手,分析纯电动汽车的维修检测方法,以供纯电动汽车维修人员参考。     

The symbolism of ‘eco cars’ across national cultures: Potential implications for policy formulation and transfer

Transport choices are not merely practical decisions but steeped in cultural and societal perceptions. Understanding these latent drivers of behaviour will allow countries to develop and import policies to more successfully promote sustainable transport. Transport symbolism – what people believe their ownership or use of a mode connotes to others about their societal position – has been shown to be one such, non-trivial, hidden motivator. In the case of hybrid and electric cars (‘eco cars’), studies have demonstrated how their symbolic value varies within a society among different social groups. As yet, however, there has been scant research into comparing how the symbolism of a mode varies across national cultures, horizontally, between individuals with similar socio-demographic characteristics. Through qualitative thematic analysis, this study utilises two of Hofstede’s cross-cultural indices – power differential and individualism versus collectivism – to develop and strengthen theory on how the differing symbolism of eco cars currently varies between four cultural clusters – Anglo, Nordic, Confucian and South Asian. It also deliberates how observed symbolic qualitative differences may influence an individual or group choice to procure eco cars. Finally, it discusses how policy development, transfer and marketing, within the context of eco cars, may need to be modified by national governments, in the Confucian and South Asian cultures, so as to encourage uptake and modal shift.     

放宽条件定点集结模式下编组站车辆 集结排队系统分析

集结模式决定了货车集结过程的结束条件，定点集结是一种高效率的集结方式，有利于提高运输质量.针对放宽条件定点集结模式下编组站车辆集结过程，建立离散时间批到达批服务排队模型，利用嵌入式马尔可夫链方法求得离去时刻瞬时系统集结车辆队长分布，并求得任意时刻车辆集结队长分布，在此基础上分别分析了最小编成辆数，车组大小分布，车流到达强度，服务时间间隔分布对车辆平均集结队长，集结延误时间，效率，一昼夜发送车流量等系统指标的影响.分析结果表明，各因素对车辆集结排队系统影响明显.因此，利用本文提出的模型能为编组站的精细化管理和车流组织优化提供决策参考.     

加法与减法——中美城市交通综合治理的观察和思考

基于对中美城市交通的观察和思考,阐述不同的城市用地模式决定了不同的大众出行方式选择。借鉴美国的经验与教训,结合中国城市现状和发展需要,寻求缓解城市交通拥堵的方法与措施。指出中国大城市,特别是特大和超大城市,应重视公共交通系统的结构调整和完善。一是继续大力发展具有较高机动性和大运量的高铁、地铁和轻轨系统,构筑城际直达以及沿主要交通走廊布线的轨道交通网络层次;二是在此基础上,梳理地面巴士系统,使之定位于满足可达性需求的支线集散网络层次。最后,还探讨了其他一些相关措施,以减少低速、低效出行,做好综合治理城市交通的"加法"与"减法"。     

民办高校系部教学督导工作的探究与实践

教学督导工作要想为人才培养导航护航，适应新时期对人才质量的要求，就必须自我调整，完善，升华。督导体制的建立也是教学督导工作研究的一个方面。很多民办高校形成了由院（一级督导）、系部（二级督导）、学生（三级督导）构成的三级督导体制，并以二级督导和三级督导作为督导工作的主体，充分发挥教师和学生的主观能动性，强调全员参与，建立良好的督导氛围。文中主要针对民办高校系部教学督导的工作方式进行研究和探讨。     

Resolving the property right of transportation emissions through public–private partnerships

The application of public–private partnerships (P3’s) in the transportation sector has grown in popularity worldwide. Despite this important shift in the provision of transportation service, there are clear gaps in knowledge about the impacts of P3 projects, especially on emissions from transportation systems as a whole. Not only should policy makers evaluate the emissions impacts from P3 projects, but they should also think about innovative models that address or charge for emissions into P3 contracts. This addition to P3 contracts could provide a new solution to the long-existing property right paradox: who owns (is responsible for) emissions from transportation systems? This study attempts to fill the research gap by analyzing these innovative models. Using the road network of Fresno, California, as our case study, we offer a number of interesting insights for policy makers. First, average peak emissions costs range from 1.37 cents per mile (the do-nothing case) to 1.20 cents per mile (profit-maximizing cases) per vehicle. Although emissions costs from the P3 projects are lowest for the profit-maximizing cases, the system-wide emissions costs of these cases are highest because of spillover effects. Second, charging project owners for the emissions costs of P3 projects is not an effective way to reduce emissions or the total costs of travel, especially on a VMT basis. Instead, the public sector should implement emissions-included social cost-based price ceilings. When employing these limits, project owners could still be charged for the emissions costs. Finally, using total travel time as the only objective function for evaluating P3 projects can be misleading. Several P3 projects have shown better outcomes using total travel cost with the inclusion of emissions and fuel consumption costs, instead of using total travel time as the only objective function.     

一汽大众柴油轿车车用柴油的研制

燕化公司炼油厂研制了一汽大众柴油轿车车用柴油的调和生产方案,该方案应用先进生产工艺,并加入适量的功能添加剂,产品中硫、芳烃等有害物质显著降低,各项理化性质完全符合一汽大众车用柴油标准,同时达到欧Ⅲ排放要求。     

Effects of economic disincentives on private car use

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of economic disincentives on private car use. Eighty two-adult households who were owners of at least one car were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. Both experimental and control groups logged their car trips during one week before, one week during, and one week after treatment. The treatment consisted of charging two of the experimental groups approximately 100% of normal cost per kilometer of driving during 2 weeks, and charging the third experimental group this amount per kilometer of driving during 4 weeks. With the purpose of investigating whether deliberate planning increases the effect of economic disincentives, the households in one of the former and in the latter group were asked to fill out a prospective car log for the following week. The control group was not charged or requested to fill out a prospective car log but was in other respects treated in the same way. Analyses of the car logs and odometer readings during and at the end of treatment showed a weak reduction of car use due to the economic disincentives that however were almost completely dependent on planning.     

现场总线在地铁列车清洗机上的应用

Profibus- DP(现场总线)用于现场设备的高速数据传输.中央处理器通过高速串行总线同分散的现场设备进行通信,分散的DP从站通过总线连接到可编程程序控制器上.Profibus- DP提供强有力的组态和诊断功能,是一种低成本、灵活的信号传输解决方案,可替代麻烦的并行线路.列车清洗机是地铁列车表面自动清洗的设备.阐述...