大型豪华邮轮结构设计的难点及对策分析

简述了大型豪华邮轮的结构特点,介绍了大型豪华邮轮的特殊要求,指出了结构设计中存在的困难和问题,研究了解决困难的对策和方法,对于大型豪华邮轮的结构设计,关键在于特定结构设计水平的提升,薄板加工焊接变形的控制,振动和噪声的预防,结构细节的处理,结构与设施的协调等。     

The passenger vessel services act and America's cruise tourism industry

The Passenger Vessel Services Act (PVSA) of 1886, a cabotage law, attempts to shield U.S. maritime shipping from foreign competition. It also applies to the U.S. cruise ship industry. The PVSA requires foreign cruise ships that carry passengers between U.S. ports to also stop at foreign ports. Norwegian Cruise Line America (NCLA), which operates one U.S. flagged cruise ship in Hawaii, wants the U.S. Customs and Border Protection to require foreign cruise ships offering Hawaii itineraries from the U.S. west coast to spend more time in foreign ports. We analyze the merits of NCLA's proposal. We argue that rather than making the PVSA even more protectionist, the law should be repealed.     

基于CarSim自适应巡航控制建模与仿真

文章首先利用模糊法则建立能够反映驾驶员反应时间的隶属度函数,并根据制动过程理论建立安全距离模型,通过安全距离模型建立期望加速度模型。然后分别建立加速和制动模型,在此基础上制定控制模式转换策略,基于PID算法设计巡航控制器。最后在Matlab/Simulink和CarSim联合仿真环境中验证所设计的控制系统的有效性。     

Development of advanced driver assistance systems with vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulations

This paper presents a new method for the design and validation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). With vehicle hardware-in-the-loop (VEHIL) simulations, the development process, and more specifically the validation phase, of intelligent vehicles is carried out safer, cheaper, and is more manageable. In the VEHIL laboratory, a full-scale ADAS-equipped vehicle is set up in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment, where a chassis dynamometer is used to emulate the road interaction and robot vehicles to represent other traffic. In this controlled environment, the performance and dependability of an ADAS is tested to great accuracy and reliability. The working principle and the added value of VEHIL are demonstrated with test results of an adaptive cruise control and a forward collision warning system. On the basis of the ‘V’ diagram, the position of VEHIL in the development process of ADASs is illustrated.     

激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺在邮轮上的应用研究

激光电弧复合焊克服了传统电弧焊和激光焊的缺点,其良好的焊接特性及可控的焊接成本,使其完全满足邮轮上层建筑建造的技术要求,即：焊后上层建筑外板平整、线型流畅和焊缝成形美观等,且焊接成本应在可控范围。由于目前船级社规范以及国内相关标准尚未制定出可执行的激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺认可的技术要求,制约了激光电弧复合焊在我国邮轮建造领域的应用。为了获得科学合理的激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺认可的工艺技术参数,通过焊接工艺试验,就激光电弧复合焊的特性、焊接设备的选配、试验所用的钢板和焊接材料进行了详细介绍;经对焊接工艺试验数据的分析研究,获得并建立了激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺认可所需的最佳可控的焊接工艺技术参数。这些工艺技术参数不仅能帮助船厂顺利完成激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺计划书等焊接工艺文件的编制、焊接工艺试验的实施及其认可,也能为完善规范提供参考,同时还为激光电弧复合焊在我国建造的邮轮上得以顺利实施提供技术支持。     

基于Cruise软件的纯电动城市客车的建模与仿真

以某款纯电动城市客车为例,利用Cruise软件建立该电动城市客车的动力系统模型,并用此软件模拟得到其动力性能.通过理论对比计算,验证该方法的可行性.     

应用Cruise(v3.0)的纯电动汽车仿真方法

本文阐述了利用奥地利AVL公司开发的Cruise(V3.0)软件进行纯电动汽车整车建模、制定仿真计算任务、运行计算并分析计算结果等的具体方法。着重介绍了Cruise、Matlab\Simulink联合仿真技术,从而将整车控制策略、电源管理策略、电机控制策略和制动回收策略应用到仿真技术中的过程和方法。     

基于Cruise-Carsim联合仿真的电动汽车动力性经济性分析

为了解决单一软件对电动汽车性能仿真分析中存在的误差和不足的问题,提出了一种基于Cruise-Carsim联合仿真的建模方法。首先将Carsim中内置的传动系统与Simulink平台建立的电池、电机及控制策略模型相匹配,建立了某型电动汽车的Carsim整车模型,然后将Cruise中建立的以传动系统为核心的电动汽车模型与Carsim整车模型相衔接,构成了完整的电动汽车整车联合仿真模型,最后对比分析了单一软件和联合仿真平台所建立的电动汽车仿真模型动力性和经济性方面的各项误差率。结果表明:联合仿真模型的动力性、经济性仿真结果均达到预期目标,验证了Cruise-Carsim联合仿真模型的可行性。     

Rolling horizon control framework for driver assistance systems. Part II: Cooperative sensing and cooperative control

This contribution furthers the control framework for driver assistance systems in Part I to cooperative systems, where equipped vehicles can exchange relevant information via vehicle-to-vehicle communication to improve the awareness of the ambient situation (cooperative sensing) and to manoeuvre together under a common goal (cooperative control). To operationalize the cooperative sensing strategy, the framework is applied to the development of a multi-anticipative controller, where an equipped vehicle uses information from its direct predecessor to predict the behaviour of its pre-predecessor. To operationalize the cooperative control strategy, we design cooperative controllers for sequential equipped vehicles in a platoon, where they collaborate to optimise a joint objective. The cooperative control strategy is not restricted to cooperation between equipped vehicles. When followed by a human-driven vehicle, equipped vehicles can still exhibit cooperative behaviour by predicting the behaviour of the human-driven follower, even if the prediction is not perfect.The performance of the proposed controllers are assessed by simulating a platoon of 11 vehicles with reference to the non-cooperative controller proposed in Part I. Evaluations show that the multi-anticipative controller generates smoother behaviour in accelerating phase. By a careful choice of the running cost specification, cooperative controllers lead to smoother decelerating behaviour and more responsive and agile accelerating behaviour compared to the non-cooperative controller. The dynamic characteristics of the proposed controllers provide new insights into the potential impact of cooperative systems on traffic flow operations, particularly at the congestion head and tail.     

Efficient calculation of slamming pressures on ships in irregular seas

An efficient method for calculation of the slamming pressures on ship hulls in irregular waves is presented and validated for a 290-m cruise ship. Nonlinear strip theory was used to calculate the ship–wave relative motions. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event were input to the slamming calculation program, which used a two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) based on the generalized 2D Wagner formulation presented by Zhao et al. To improve the calculation efficiency, the method was divided into two separate steps. In the first step, the velocity potentials were calculated for unit relative velocities between the section and the water. In the next step, these precalculated velocity potentials were used together with the real relative velocities experienced in a seaway to calculate the slamming pressure and total slamming force on the section. This saved considerable computer time for slamming calculations in irregular waves, without significant loss of accuracy. The calculated slamming pressures on the bow flare of the cruise ship agreed quite well with the measured values, at least for time windows in which the calculated and experimental ship motions agreed well. A simplified method for calculation of the instantaneous peak pressure on each ship section in irregular waves is also presented. The method was used to identify slamming events to be analyzed with the more refined 2D BEM method, but comparisons with measured values indicate that the method may also be used for a quick quantitative assessment of the maximum slamming pressures.