面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化

考虑网联自动驾驶车辆(Connected Autonomous Vehicle, CAV)应用先进的车联网与自动驾驶技术，可以采用智能交叉口的组织形式，大幅提升交叉口的通行效率，为降低CAV与人工驾驶车辆(Human-driven Vehicle, HV)混行条件下城市交通系统的整体出行成本，提出智能交叉口在城 市交通网络中的布局优化问题，建立数学优化模型并求解。首先，基于对两类车辆行驶特性的分析，建立混合用户均衡模型，描述CAV与HV的路径选择行为；其次，从交通规划者的角度，以系统最优为目标，整合混合用户均衡模型，建立面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化模型，并利用改进的遗传算法求解；最后，选取Sioux-Falls交通网络作为案例分析，验证模型与算法的有效性，并研究CAV渗透率变化对优化结果的影响。研究表明，智能交叉口在城市路网中的合理规划极大地提高了新型混行场景下城市交通系统的出行效率，同时，大幅降低了由于网联自动 驾驶单方面技术优势带来的CAV与HV的出行效率差距，增进了出行公平性。     

The same mode again? An exploration of mode choice variability in Great Britain using the National Travel Survey

The main focus of travel behaviour research has been explaining differences in behaviour between individuals (interpersonal variability) with less emphasis given to the variability of behaviour within individuals (intrapersonal variability). The subject of this paper is the variability of transport modes used by individuals in their weekly travel. Our review shows that previous studies have not allowed the full use of different modes in weekly travel to be taken into account, have used categorical variables as simple indicators of modal variability and have only considered a limited set of explanatory indicators in seeking to explain modal variability. In our analysis we use National Travel Survey data for Great Britain. We analyse modal variability with continuous measures of modal variability (Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, the difference in mode share between the primary and secondary mode, the total number of modes used). Taking inspiration from Hägerstrand (1970), we conceive that modal variability is determined by different types of spatial mobility constraints and find that reduced modal variability is predicted for having mobility difficulties, being aged over 60, being non-white, working full-time, living in smaller settlement, lower household income, having regular access to a car, having no public transport pass/season ticket and not owning a bicycle. The findings can support a change in perspective in transport policy from encouraging people to replace the use of one mode with another to encouraging people to make a change to their relative use of different transport modes.     

Optimal joint distance and time toll for cordon-based congestion pricing

This paper addresses the optimal toll design problem for the cordon-based congestion pricing scheme, where both a time-toll and a nonlinear distance-toll (i.e., joint distance and time toll) are levied for each network user’s trip in a pricing cordon. The users’ route choice behaviour is assumed to follow the Logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE). We first propose a link-based convex programming model for the Logit-based SUE problem with a joint distance and time toll pattern. A mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) is developed to formulate the optimal joint distance and time toll design problem. The developed MPEC model is equivalently transformed into a semi-infinite programming (SIP) model. A global optimization method named Incremental Constraint Method (ICM) is designed for solving the SIP model. Finally, two numerical examples are used to assess the proposed methodology.     

An Intelligent Response Surface Methodology for Modeling of Domain Level Constraints

An effective modeling method of domain level constraints in the constraint network for concurrent engineering （CE） was developed. The domain level constraints were analyzed and the framework of modeling of domain level constraints based on simulation and approximate technology was given. An intelligent response surface methodology （IRSM） was proposed, in which artificial intelligence technologies are introduced into the optimization process. The design of crank and connecting rod in the V6 engine as example was given to show the validity of the modeling method.     

一类运输工具带双重能力约束的LRP问题

分析了一类运输工具受双重能力约束的LRP问题，即在物流网络节点最大单批处理能力及运输工具总运输能力双重约束的情况下,如何进行物流中心选址和运输路线安排，使总的费用最小,模型假设网络系统满足如下条件：①节点的最大单批处理能力是逐层变化的，②货物只能用不同运输工具经过某一物流中心进行中转运输．文中建立了混合整数规划模型，提出了一种优化算法，并用优化算法对实例进行求解．     

基于机会约束条件下舰艇航线动态规划模型研究

从舰艇出航隐蔽性要求出发，根据舰艇在海上不同航段被敌方探测发现的概率不同，建立基于机会约束条件下动态规划航线数学模型，实现从多条航线中选择满足不被探测发现置信水平下的最短航程航线，从而为指挥员迅速选择最优航线提供辅助决策。     

5000HP AHTS轴系合理校中安装工艺实践与总结

介绍了5000HP AHTS主动力装置长轴系采用先进合理校中安装、顶举法进行负荷检验的工艺及技术要点,并对DNV最新版轴系分析计算程序的改进和校中要求的变化进行了说明。经航行试验验证了效果,最后对AHTS船型主动力设备、轴系的校中安装提出了总结性建议。     

Cellpath: Fusion of cellular and traffic sensor data for route flow estimation via convex optimization

A new convex optimization framework is developed for the route flow estimation problem from the fusion of vehicle count and cellular network data. The issue of highly underdetermined link flow based methods in transportation networks is investigated, then solved using the proposed concept of cellpaths for cellular network data. With this data-driven approach, our proposed approach is versatile: it is compatible with other data sources, and it is model agnostic and thus compatible with user equilibrium, system-optimum, Stackelberg concepts, and other models. Using a dimensionality reduction scheme, we design a projected gradient algorithm suitable for the proposed route flow estimation problem. The algorithm solves a block isotonic regression problem in the projection step in linear time. The accuracy, computational efficiency, and versatility of the proposed approach are validated on the I-210 corridor near Los Angeles, where we achieve 90% route flow accuracy with 1033 traffic sensors and 1000 cellular towers covering a large network of highways and arterials with more than 20,000 links. In contrast to long-term land use planning applications, we demonstrate the first system to our knowledge that can produce route-level flow estimates suitable for short time horizon prediction and control applications in traffic management. Our system is open source and available for validation and extension.     

航空轨道线运营衔接规划模型

航空轨道线是连接机场陆侧与市区、为集散机场地面交通服务的轨道交通线,是充分发挥航空运输快捷的重要交通方式.为减少乘客利用航空轨道线进行换乘时的等待时间,建立了航空轨道线运营衔接规划模型,以乘客换乘时间最小为目标函数,考虑了轨道交通的容量限制,并对模型进行求解,得到其最佳发车时间间隔.     

面向实时交通信息提取的车辆轨迹数据挖掘

车辆行驶轨迹是驾驶人员主观意愿和道路客观约束条件综合作用的结果,从海量车辆轨迹中可以挖掘出道路的实时交通信息为智能交通服务．通过建立轨迹约束模型用以量化各约束因子,基于线性参照系统的数据预处理以加快检索速度和降低轨迹的不确定性,基于移动目标主体相似性和移动轨迹时空相似性的数据选取降低了数据库搜索次数提高发掘准确度,分别针对道路交叉口和一般路段进行数据挖掘,提取实时的道路交通信息．研究结果和实验结果表明,这个挖掘算法可以有效地提取道路实时路况信息．