Eddies around Madagascar — The retroflection re-considered

The Agulhas Current with its retroflection and attendant eddy-shedding is the cause of some of the greatest mesoscale variability in the ocean. This paper considers the area to the south and east of Madagascar, which provides some of the source waters of the Agulhas Current, and examines the propagating sea surface height signals in altimetry and output from a numerical model, OCCAM. Both show bands of variability along the axis of the East Madagascar Current (EMC) and along a zonal band near 25°S. Sequences of images plus associated temperature data suggest that a number of westward-propagating eddies are present in this zonal band. The paper then focuses on the region to the south of the island, where ocean colour and infra-red imagery are evocative of an East Madagascar Retroflection. The synthesis of data analysed in this paper, however, shows that remotely observed features in this area can be explained by anticyclonic eddies moving westward through the region, and this explanation is consistent with numerical model output and the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

侧向风作用下车桥系统气动性能及风屏障的影响研究

采用计算流体力学软件建立桥梁单体、车辆单体以及车桥组合体模型,湍流模型取标准κ-ε模型,计算各模型在不同风攻角时侧向风作用下的气动力系数.考虑风屏障对车辆、桥梁气动性能影响,建立风屏障、桥梁与车辆组合体模型,分析风屏障不同开孔率时车辆、桥梁气动力系数变化规律.结果表明:车辆位于桥上时,桥梁阻力和车辆侧力会增大;桥上车辆侧滚力矩系数明显大于车辆单独存在的情况,且车辆位于桥上迎风侧大于背风侧的情况;安装风屏障后,桥梁阻力和力矩系数随开孔率增大而降低,车辆侧力系数和力矩系数随开孔率增大而增大;为保证风屏障有效性,风屏障开孔率应小于40％.     

桥梁冲击系数理论研究和应用进展

为推动桥梁冲击系数理论和应用研究的进一步深入开展,从计算方法、理论与数值模拟、现场试验与测试3个方面系统梳理国内外公路、城市和铁路桥梁工程领域冲击系数（或动力系数）的研究进展,并探讨其不足和发展趋势。计算方法方面,从桥梁冲击系数的定义出发,详细阐述典型国家最新规范冲击系数表达式;理论与数值模拟方面,分析了车辆参数、桥梁参数、桥面不平整度（或轨道不平顺）等对桥梁冲击系数的影响;现场试验与测试方面,分别综述了冲击系数的测试方法、数据处理手段及相关试验研究成果。研究表明：各国公路与铁路桥梁规范的冲击系数（动力系数）多由试验统计回归得到,但计算公式各不相同,公路桥梁冲击系数表达式较为简洁,铁路桥梁冲击系数计算公式较为复杂;有限元技术以及车-桥耦合振动理论的发展使得结构动力响应的数值模拟和求解更加精确化和高效化;中小跨径桥梁的整体冲击系数及大跨径桥梁中吊杆、拉索等局部构件的冲击系数是研究重点;影响冲击系数的各因素之间存在交叉影响,需要对不同结构、不同效应及不同截面的冲击系数进行现场试验测试和概率统计分析;设计规范中的冲击系数值不宜作为实际桥梁动力使用性能的直接评价指标;需要建立冲击系数试验分析技术的标准;非接触、抗干扰、高精度是今后冲击系数测试技术的发展方向。     

悬挂式单轨车桥耦合动力分析

为研究悬挂式单轨运营过程中桥梁和车辆的动力响应变化规律,以某悬挂式单轨双线7跨30m简支梁方案为工程背景,运用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立桥梁有限元模型,分析桥梁的动力特性;然后在多体动力学软件SIMPACK中建立车桥耦合动力学模型,研究双线列车以运营速度对开通过桥梁时桥梁和车辆的动力响应,并分析轮胎刚度和列车编组对桥梁和列车动力性能的影响。分析结果表明:双线列车以65km/h的速度对开通过桥梁时,桥梁跨中的整体横向位移响应最大值为19.03mm,表明桥墩横向刚度较小;轮胎刚度对车桥系统的加速度响应有显著影响;3辆车编组过桥时,桥梁的竖向和横向响应值明显比1辆车编组大,因此,在车桥耦合动力仿真分析时,必须考虑列车编组对车桥系统动力响应的影响。     

梁单元形函数在车桥时变系统振动分析中的选取研究

在阐述移动连接单元动力特性的基础上,提出了车桥时变系统振动分析中梁单元形函数所应满足的条件;导出了适合此系统振动分析的梁单元五次形函数,并通过算例分析了梁单元形函数的选取对此系统振动响应的影响。计算结果表明:选用三次形函数会导致梁单元结点处曲率的不连续,影响此系统振动响应的计算精度;选用五次形函数满足了移动连接单元对形函数的要求,获得更精确的计算结果。     

三塔悬索桥风-车-桥耦合动力分析

以温州市某大桥为例,分别考虑风荷载的平均成分和脉动成分对车桥系统的影响,建立了风荷载作用下三塔悬索桥的车桥耦合动力分析模型,并根据势能驻值原理及形成结构矩阵的"对号入座法则",导出了车桥系统的空间振动方程,采用计算机模拟的方法,计算与分析了该桥列车通过时的桥梁动力响应和列车走行性。研究结果为三塔悬索桥的动力设计提供了理论依据。     

重型汽车荷载作用下简支梁桥的动力反应分析

基于结构动力学理论，视桥梁与车辆为一个相互作用的整体系统，建立了桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下振动的计算模式。在分析中，汽车采用2轴模型，桥梁结构模拟为梁单元，统一列出车桥系统的动力方程，编制了计算程序。对实际预应力混凝土简支箱梁桥在重型汽车作用下的动力冲击效应进行了计算，并与轻型汽车荷载作用下产生的动力冲击系数进行了比较。     

基于Midas Civil的简易车桥耦合振动分析

文章以某40m预应力混凝土简支T梁为例，利用单轴车桥耦合振动数值模型及基于MidasCivil的简易车桥耦合振动模型对移动车辆荷载作用下的T梁结构动力响应情况进行计算分析。结果表明，基于MidasCivil的简易车桥耦合振动模型与数值模型的结构挠度峰值计算结果相差不大，可用于简单的车桥耦合振动分析。     

Behavior-consistent information-based network traffic control for evacuation operations

The evacuation operations problem aims to avoid or mitigate the potential loss of life in a region threatened or affected by a disaster. It is shaped to a large extent by the evolution of evacuation traffic resulting from the demand–supply interactions of the associated transportation network. Information-based control is a strategic tool for evacuation traffic operations as it can enable greater access to the affected population and more effective response. However, comparatively few studies have focused on the implementation of information-based control in evacuation operations. This study develops a control module for evacuation operations centered on addressing the demand–supply interactions by using behavior-consistent information strategies. These strategies incorporate the likely responses of evacuees to the information provided in the determination of route guidance information. The control module works as an iterative computational process involving an evacuee route choice model and a control model of information strategies to determine the route guidance information to direct evacuation traffic so as to approach a desired network traffic flow pattern. The problem is formulated as a fuzzy logic based optimization framework to explicitly incorporate practical concerns related to information dissemination characteristics and social equity in evacuation operations. Numerical experiments highlight the importance of accounting for the demand–supply interactions, as the use of behavior-consistent information strategies can lead evacuee route choices to approach the operator-desired proportions corresponding to the desired traffic pattern. The results also indicate that while a behavior-consistent information strategy can be effective, gaps with the desired route proportions can exist due to the discrete nature of the linguistic messages and the real-world difficulty in accurately modeling evacuees’ actual route choice behavior.     

上海长江大桥节段模型气动三分力试验

以主跨为730 m的钢主梁斜拉桥为对象,研究了栏杆、汽车等对汽车-钢主梁桥面系统的气动三分力系数的影响。进行了1∶60缩尺模型试验,开展了桥面无车状态、桥面有车状态和施工状态下的75个试验工况节段模型测力试验研究,并利用获得的三分力系数进行了全桥静风响应分析。结果表明:栏杆增加了主梁的阻力系数;桥面车辆的存在使车-桥系统的阻力系数降低,升力系数的绝对值变小,升力矩系数绝对值变小;3种状态中三分力系数越大,相应的侧向、竖向和扭转响应越大;随风攻角变化,栏杆、汽车对车-桥系统阻力、升力和升力矩的影响各不相同。