散货船舱口盖剩余强度

通过对散货船舱口盖极限强度的理论分析，采用了正交各向异性板及刚塑性模型进行了理论上的推导，并对7万t散货船的1号舱的舱口盖(两块对称滚动式)，进行了ILL66及IACS URS21(1998年版与上述ILL66的88议定书中载荷的量级相当)的外载荷的比较及线性和非线性的有限元分析。本文所采用的有限元的线性及弹塑性计算对实际的舱口盖进行评估的结果证明，IACS URS21(ILL66的88议定书)的标准比ILL66的标准有所提高。采用非线性有限元法是在初始设计阶段使用的可行方法。这些结果可供规范研制工作参考。     

成昆线红层地区泥石流沟侵蚀程度量化分析

以成昆铁路红层地区的3个小流域为研究区,计算3个年份的地面割裂度及其年平均变化率,分析用地面割裂度表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度的不足及其原因。基于泥石流沟发育的物理模型,以原来的地面割裂度定义为基础,引入表述沟谷分布零散程度的异型度因子,导出新侵蚀系数公式。以3个小流域固体物质的年平均流失量作为侵蚀程度强弱的标准,采用非参数统计推断方法,将侵蚀系数、地面割裂度的年变化值和固体物质的年平均流失量作秩统计和次序统计。对秩统计参数和次序统计参数比较结果表明:在表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度方面,侵蚀系数优于地面割裂度。     

盐渍土地基处理的浸水试验研究

盐渍土作为一种不良土体,由于它的盐溶特性严重影响置于其上的建筑物。采用何种有效的处理方法来降低溶陷沉降量将至关重要。文中以西北某盐渍土机场的地基处理为例,采用浸水预溶的处理方法,在现场分别进行了深层浸水试验、直接浸水试验、浸水后晾晒试验,并对施工工艺、浸水控制、渗水速度确定做了研究。通过试验后检测,浸水预溶试验取得了良好的效果,为指导大面积地基处理施工提供了可靠参数。     

Ground truthing sediment profile imagery with traditional benthic survey data along an established disturbance gradient

Macrobenthic surveys are an expensive, slow and labour intensive means to establish the health of benthic communities. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) is a means of rapid reconnaissance for monitoring large areas of the benthos. SPI has often been used to monitor gross anthropogenic disturbance. The aim of this study is to determine if SPI can be used as a tool to reliably map change in communities along natural estuarine gradients. Macrobenthic sampling was carried out at five stations along an established estuarine gradient. This faunal data was analysed using standard multivariate techniques and to ground truth a concurrent SPI survey. Faunal analysis showed that habitat quality in Inner Galway Bay was generally good, with some localised disturbance from the River Corrib and the sewage out flow exterior to the city dock. Four distinct groups were identified with a degree of overlap occurring between stations 3 and 4. While existing SPI indices mapped habitat quality in the same manner as the faunal data for end member stations, the level of distinction between the habitats of an intermediate staging was found to be poor. This lack of distinction amongst the stage 2 and 3 stations was overcome by developing a tailored index, the Galway Bay index of habitat quality (GBHQ). This index was derived from the 5 observed variables in the SPI data that were determined to best match the faunal distribution by permutative mantel testing. The 5 observed variables from the SPI data were the depth of the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD), the depth of penetration by the prism, and the presence/absence of infauna, surface faecal pellet layer and biogenic mounding. The GBHQ was able to distinguish between the 5 stations to a greater extent than previously described indices, showing clearly the separate groupings defined by the faunal data. The index was tested on a follow up SPI survey and shown to be applicable in mapping a broader range of habitats in Galway Bay. Indices generated for localised mapping of estuarine gradients should be derived from observed features and be ground truthed using faunal data. Some aspects of the GBHQ should be generally applicable to fine grained boreal estuarine sediments (aRPD/penetration), while others may be of limited utility in other locations depending on the digging characteristics of the particular SPI camera, and local factors influencing the persistence of biogenic features in the profile. This derivation technique provides a simple way to optimise SPI to particular studies and localities.     

城市轨道交通车辆段物业开发研究

通过对车辆段上盖物业开发必要性、方案可行性的分析,提出车辆段物业开发的几种主要模式:屋顶绿化、库上物业开发、落地物业开发、库上库下同时开发以及地下车辆段开发等,并相应列举了有代表性的车辆段开发案例 从确保轨道交通车辆段使用功能和运营安全的角度出发,着重分析上盖物业开发对车辆段的影响,从专业设计角度提出各方面的应对措施,一方面应尽量消除车辆段运营期间的振动、噪声,避免对车辆段上盖及周边开发造成负面影响;另一方面应最大限度地解决好车辆段的通风、采光问题,保证车辆段的使用功能和工作环境,尽可能降低物业开发对车辆段运营的不利影响 随着车辆段物业开发经验的不断积累,将早期开发遇到的各种问题在设计之初就协调解决好,使车辆段运营与物业开发良性共融,以期城市轨道交通车辆段物业开发建设日趋向土地集约型、环境友好型方向发展,有效促进城市轨道交通的可持续发展.     

120阀铝合金阀盖运用故障分析

120阀铝合金阀盖在运用中出现故障,通过对120阀铝合金阀盖材质与结构的分析,并与国外铝合金阀盖的对比,从材质和结构上对120阀铝合金阀盖提出解决问题的措施。     

铝合金车身零部件设计研究

文章通过对铝合金发动机盖设计流程的描述,通过对比铝合金与钢的不同点,归纳了铝合金发盖设计所需要关注的要点,并提供了铝合金板材选择的方式。在不同于钢制发动机盖的点上提出了设计要求,明确了铝合金发盖的设计方法。     

大跨地铁风道导洞开挖的地表沉降分布规律研究

北京地铁8号线大红门桥站-和义站区间附属风道为跨度16.2 m的单跨结构,采用暗挖洞桩法(PBA工法)施工。为有效控制导洞开挖引起的地表沉降,必须合理安排导洞施工顺序。基于三维数值模拟方法对不同的导洞开挖方案地表沉降分布规律进行研究,并与地表沉降监测结果进行比较分析。结果表明:不同的导洞开挖顺序的地表沉降发展路径差别显著,但最终的沉降值基本一致;随着导洞的开挖,地表沉降槽宽度增加并不明显,但是由于导洞开挖的群洞效应,地表沉降速度发展较快。因此在后续的拱部开挖支护中,必须通过调整支护措施和开挖方案来严格控制地层沉降。     

地铁车站装配式铺盖体系设计

论述北京地区首次在地铁9号线丰台北路站应用装配式铺盖体系。从结构计算方法、荷载选取、方案设计、铺盖板的设计及试验和支撑体系计算等方面,系统阐述装配式铺盖体系的设计要点。实践表明,装配式铺盖法能够有效降低地铁施工对周边环境和交通的影响,临时路面效果理想,同时大部分构件能够重复利用,具有良好的经济性与适用性。     

舱口盖强度计算方法

在某集装箱舱口盖结构强度的有限元计算中，对舱口盖周围水平限位器和支撑块处的约束以及顶部压紧器处的关联程度进行了模拟，分别讨论了在垂向设计载荷的情况下，水平限位器、支撑块处的不同约束以及顶部压紧器的不同关联程度对舱口盖应力分布的影响，得出更符合实际情况的舱口盖结构强度计算方法。