Nanoceria预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌组织中HO-1和NQO1蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨二氧化铈纳米颗粒(Nanoceria)预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌组织中抗氧化物质血红素氧化酶(HO-1)和醌氧化还原酶(NQO1)蛋白表达的影响。方法选择健康成年大鼠40只,建立缺血再灌注损伤模型,根据预处理办法不同将其随机分5组:模型组(I/R组,n=8),二氧化铈纳米颗粒预处理组(1~10nm粒径组,10~25nm粒径组,50nm粒径组,3组各8只),并设假手术组(sham组,n=8)作为参照。观察心肌组织学改变,Western blot检测心肌组织中HO-1、NQO1蛋白表达。结果I/R组中HO-1的蛋白表达量较sham组明显增加(P<0.05),而NQO1蛋白的表达差异无统计学意义。与I/R组比较,缺血再灌注大鼠经二氧化铈纳米颗粒预处理后,不同粒径组HO-1的蛋白表达均显著增加(P<0.05),NQO1的蛋白表达量均增加,但只在1~10nm粒径组和10~25nm粒径组中有显著上升(P<0.05),其中10~25nm二氧化铈钠米颗粒预处理组HO-1和NQO1蛋白表达量最高(P<0.05)。结论在大鼠缺血再灌注模型中,二氧化铈纳米颗粒预处理能上调心肌组织中保护性HO-1和NQO1的蛋白表达,从而达到心肌保护作用。     

莱菔硫烷激动Nrf-2抗炎症改善小鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤

目的基于小鼠肾缺血再灌注(ischemia reperfusion injury,IRI)模型探析莱菔硫烷(sulforaphane,SFN)对小鼠肾IRI的作用与机制,为制定肾缺血再灌注的有效干预措施提供实验依据。方法 24只雄性C57小鼠,随机分为4组:假手术对照组(Ctrl)、肾缺血再灌注组(IRI)、莱菔硫烷干预肾缺血再灌注组(IRI+SFN)、莱菔硫烷单独给药组(SFN)。术前24h对SFN处理组小鼠尾静脉注射500μg/kg SFN。以无创血管夹夹闭小鼠双侧肾蒂45min建立肾IRI模型,假手术对照组除不夹闭双侧肾蒂外其他操作同上。在各组小鼠恢复肾脏血流灌注24h以后,收集小鼠全血和肾组织标本进行病理检测。ELISA检测小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌水平。Western blot检测小鼠肾组织中Nrf-2、Keap-1、p-iκBα、iκBα和p-p65的表达。结果莱菔硫烷可改善缺血再灌注小鼠肾功能,治疗小鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤并减少肾小管上皮细胞凋亡。莱菔硫烷还可降低缺血再灌注损伤小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的水平,增加缺血再灌注损伤小鼠肾组织中Nrf-2的表达,减少缺血再灌注损伤小鼠肾组织中p-iκBα和胞核内p-p65中的表达。结论莱菔硫烷可以增加Nrf-2表达,抑制磷酸化iκBα的表达,进而抑制NFκB p65的磷酸化转位进入细胞核并阻止其启动下游炎症因子如TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达,从而抑制缺血再灌注损伤所致的炎症,改善小鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤。     

还原型谷胱甘肽对肝硬化患者上消化道大出血前后血中GSH-Px/LPO比值的影响

目的　观察肝硬化患者上消化道大出血前后血中谷胱甘肽 (GSH)水平和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (Se GSH Px)活性与过氧化脂质 (LPO)比值的动态变化及还原型谷胱甘肽治疗的影响。方法　 57例患者随机分为常规治疗和还原型谷胱甘肽防治两组 ,前者给常规止血、保肝治疗 ,后者在常规治疗基础上加用还原型谷胱甘肽静滴 (1.2g·d- 1,连用3～ 4周 )。定时空腹采血 ,测定血中GSH水平、Se GSH Px活性和LPO含量 ,并观察记录两组患者发生腹水或腹水增多、黄疸或黄疸加深、肝性脑病和病死 4个病情恶化指标的累计频次数。结果　上消化道出血后常规治疗组患者血中GSH水平、Se GSH Px/LPO比值均明显下降 ,72h达最低点 ,2周后开始回升。还原型谷胱甘肽防治组上述损伤改变较小 ,回升快 ,2周后显著恢复 ,4周后即可达到出血前水平。还原型谷胱甘肽防治组患者 4个病情恶化指标的累计频次数明显低于常规治疗组 (2 4/ 2 7;41/ 3 0 ,P <0 .0 1) ,且与Child Pugh分级有关 ,B级优于C级 (6/ 12 ;17/ 7,P <0 .0 1)。结论　肝硬化患者上消化道大出血后体内抗氧化能力降低 ,致患者的病情恶化。抗氧化治疗有积极意义     

高氧液预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨高氧液预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法30只家兔随机分为三组:假手术组(A组,n=10),缺血再灌注组(B组,n=10)及高氧液预处理组(C组,n=10)。C组每天静脉给予15mL/kg高氧液,20min内匀速泵完,连续7d;A组及B组以同样方法给予等量生理盐水,最后一次处理结束后,制作心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)模型。A组只穿线,不结扎冠脉。记录心电图和血流动力学指标,在结扎前、结扎即刻、结扎后30min,再灌注1、2、3h分别测定血清丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果C组能明显降低心电图S-T段的升高程度并改善血流动力学参数,较B组显著缩小梗死范围(P<0.05)。与A组比较,B组血清SOD活性呈逐渐下降趋势,MDA含量则呈逐渐增高的趋势(P<0.05)。C组各时间段上述各指标均有所恢复。结论高氧液预处理对家兔在体心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

乌司他丁通过抑制肠黏膜细胞凋亡减轻大鼠肠道缺血-再灌注损伤

目的 探讨蛋白酶抑制剂乌司他丁(ulinastatin,UTI)对大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤后肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用及其机制.方法 24只成年雄性SD大鼠夹闭肠系膜上动脉1 h,再灌注1 h,随机分为空白对照组、对照组和治疗组.治疗组于缺血后经阴茎背静脉缓慢泵入UTI(5万单位/kg);对照组给予等量等渗盐水;空白对照组仅做开关腹并给予等量生理盐水作为对照.各组大鼠均于制模后采集标本,动态浊度法检测血清内毒素含量,TUNEL法检测肠黏膜上皮细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR检测凋亡调控基因Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA的表达.结果 空白对照组血清内毒素水平和肠黏膜细胞凋亡指数均低于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组BaxmRNA表达低于对照组(P<0.01),而Bcl-2 mRNA表达高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 乌司他丁可能通过抑制肠黏膜上皮细胞的凋亡,维持肠黏膜屏障的完整性,从而防止缺血-再灌注损伤时细菌和内毒素的移居.     

Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.     

缺血后处理对大鼠肝大部切除后残肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的探讨缺血后处理对肝大部切除后残肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法选取健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠115只,体重230～280g,其中25只随机分为5组:70%单纯肝切除1组(PH1)、70%肝切除合并缺血再灌注1组(PHIR1)、10s-10s循环3次后处理组(IPO1)、30s-30s循环3次后处理组(IPO2)和60s-60s循环3次后处理组(IPO3)。再灌注6h后取各组大鼠下腔静脉血及残肝组织,测定血清ALT、AST活性及肝细胞凋亡指数,选取保护效果最佳的后处理方案。剩余90只大鼠随机分为3组:PH2组、PHIR2组和IPO组,并于再灌注1、6、12、24、48h取各组大鼠下腔静脉血及残肝组织,每时点6只,测定血清ALT、AST活性及肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平。结果与PH1组比较,PHIR1组、IPO1组、IPO2组和IPO3组血清ALT和AST活性、肝细胞凋亡指数均升高(P<0.05);与PHIR1组比较,IPO1组、IPO2和IPO3组血清ALT和AST活性、肝细胞凋亡指数均降低,但仅IPO2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。选择IPO2组作为后处理方案,与PHIR2组比较,IPO组各时点ALT、AST活性和MDA、MPO表达水平降低(P<0.05),SOD表达水平升高(P<0.05)。结论缺血后处理可以减轻肝大部切除后残肝的缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与抑制氧化反应,减少自由基生成,减轻炎细胞浸润等有关。     

糖皮质激素预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨糖皮质激素对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 将18只家兔应用冠状动脉左前降支结扎术造成心肌缺血模型,随机分成3组:心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型组(模型组)、糖皮质激素一次大剂量保护组(大剂量组)以及糖皮质激素多次小剂量保护组(小剂量组),每组6只.应用BL-420生物信号采集系统观察记录心电图ST段改变,分别在缺血前、缺血15 min以及再灌注30 min取血测定血浆丙二醛(MDA)浓度;缺血区心肌标本制作冰冻切片,行组织化学染色,观察缺血区琥珀酸脱氢酶活性变化.结果 糖皮质激素的大、小剂量保护组再灌注过程中ST段恢复的时间较短,快于模型组;大剂量组血清MDA水平低于小剂量组(P<0.05),且两组均低于模型组(P<0.01);大剂量组缺血心肌琥珀酸脱氢酶活性高于小剂量组,且两组均明显高于模型组.结论 糖皮质激素对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤可以起到有效的保护作用,一次大剂量的治疗保护效果要好于多次小剂量.     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

Effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Totally 24 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated control group (SO group), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group) and ulinastatin group (UTI group). Liver in I/R group underwent 1 h of reperfasion after 30 min of ischemia. In UTI group, UTI (2×104 U/kg) was administered to rats 30 min before modeling. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were measured and the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were determined. The histological changes of liver were observed. Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in UTI group (P<0.05). The levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were significantly higher in I/R group than in UTI group (P<0.05).Histological examination of liver indicated that the damages were more severe in I/R group than in UTI group.Conclusion UTI has the ability to inhibit the production of TNF-α and oxyradical, and ameliorate microcirculatory dysfunction in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfasion injury.