Effects of shadow evacuation on megaregion evacuations

Transportation systems serve important roles during emergencies, in particular for evacuations. However, efficient travel during these life-and-death scenarios can be adversely impacted by external conditions, such as unnecessary and unneeded travel. This research sought to enhance the understanding of the effects of these conditions by analyzing shadow evacuations, and their impact on regional traffic operations in megaregions, more broadly. The research was based on simulations of a range of hurricane evacuation threat scenarios in the Gulf of Mexico building upon prior study using TRANSIMS. These assessments are also targeted at what many assume could be worst case evacuation conditions and pushing the limits of current simulation modeling capability. Among the broader findings of this work was that shadow evacuation participation rates did not significantly impact the evacuation clearance times within mandatory evacuation areas of the megaregion as long as demand could be temporarily spread out. This finding does not, however, suggest that the shadow evacuations have no impact on evacuation processes. High rates of shadow evacuees can cause significant congestion if they are not able to exit critical routes before mandatory evacuees reach areas further away from the coast.     

朔黄铁路隧道防灾监控及应急通信系统的应用

为保证铁路安全运输,有必要进行沿线隧道特别是长大隧道的防灾监控及应急通信系统的建设。以朔黄铁路长梁山隧道为例,介绍隧道防灾监控及应急通信系统的结构、组成及应用。     

桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道台后锚固体系端刺结构受力变形特性

通过在高速铁路正线上开展长期温度荷载下的原位监测和列车制动荷载下的实车试验,以及运用ABAQUS有限元软件的数值计算,进行高速铁路桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道倒T型和Π型台后锚固体系的端刺结构在温度力和制动力作用下的受力变形特性研究。结果表明:在降温和升温过程中,端刺结构周围土体压应力较大值主要出现在主端刺摩擦板的下部和桥台方向首个小端刺的位置,端刺结构变形主要以顶部弯拉为主,整体纵向变形较小;在紧急制动荷载的作用下,钢轨纵向应力、端刺纵向位移均随着轴重的增加而明显增大,但端刺纵向位移绝对值较小,与温度荷载作用相比,紧急制动荷载作用对端刺结构的影响小。     

浅谈高速铁路长大隧道应急通信

介绍了高速铁路长大隧道中的应急通信实现方案;提出了高速铁路中其他几种常用应急组网方式;对应急通信系统中的现场、基站/车站、指挥中心等相关设备进行了简单介绍。     

Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.     

Locating emergency vehicles with an approximate queuing model and a meta-heuristic solution approach

In this paper, the location of emergency service (ES) vehicles is studied on fully connected networks. Queuing theory is utilized to obtain the performance metrics of the system. An approximate queuing model the (AQM) is proposed. For the AQM, different service rate formulations are constructed. These formulations are tested with a simulation study for different approximation levels. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the mean response time of ES systems based on AQM. In the model, multiple vehicles are allowed at a single location. The objective function of the model has no closed form expression. A genetic algorithm is constructed to solve the model. With the help of the genetic algorithm, the effect of assigning multiple vehicles on the mean response time is reported.     

Studies on emergency evacuation management for maritime transportation

Marine transportation is a vital component of the world’s economy and transportation network. The number of people using passenger ships around the globe is increasing worldwide. Similar to other transportation systems, passenger safety is critical in maritime shipment. As emergency evacuation processes for ships are highly different from and more complicated than those for buildings and other vehicles, many researchers have published a vast range of documents related to this peculiar research area. However, there is a tangible lack of sufficient literature review studies that investigate marine emergency evacuation (MEE). That being the case, the potential of marine transportation and the effect of emergency evacuation operation on life safety have inspired the proposal of this study. This paper offers a review of the available literature on MEE modelling, analysis and planning during the period from 1973 to 2017 using a systematic approach. After reviewing relevant academic journals, peer-reviewed conference papers, and technical reports of agencies, relevant literature is analysed. In addition, the literature review is extended by means of proposing a framework methodology which considers different possible conditions and situations during MEE. Finally, insights for ship managers and policymakers are discussed and potential future research directions are identified.     

集装箱专用平车加装承载板实现滚装运输技术研究

为弥补应急情况下滚装运输所需平车数量缺口,同时为完善车辆自身应急保障能力,分析集装箱专用平车用于滚装运输需求,针对集装箱专用平车用于滚装运输存在的主要问题,提出在不改变车体结构前提下,通过加装承载板实现滚装运输的解决思路。结合集装箱专用平车结构特点,分析承载板的数量、尺寸、材质,设计承载板由承载面、横支撑架、渡板、斜支腿、受力面、绳拴构成,给出加装改造方法,并通过校核承载能力和研究适运范围,研究加装改造后的集装箱专用平车滚装运输能力,得出改造后的集装箱专用平车可以满足大部分滚装运输货物运输需要。     

基于AIS和ECDIS的人员落水应急报警与示位系统的研发

简要介绍了利用自动识别系统(AIS)和电子海图信息与显示系统(ECDIS)设计研发的人员落水应急报警与示位系统,该系统采用GPS/北斗定位模块实现落水人员的定位问题,采用AIS进行信息的传递,采用C/S架构实现报警信息显示的功能。该系统可以实现人员落水后的迅速定位,并发出报警信号,提醒船台及附近船舶及时采取搜救措施。     

T460型汽车安全带紧急锁止性能试验台的研制

为快速检验和评价汽车安全带的紧急锁止性能，研制了Ｔ４６０型汽车安全带紧急锁止性能试验台。介绍了该试验台的主要结构设计及工作原理。该试验台采用了微型计算机控制系统、气浮导轨机构以及气动和电动相结合的自动化技术，使得试验台具有自动测试，数据自动采集、存储、处理和曲线自动绘制及打印等多项功能。