Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

Optimal design of electric vehicle public charging system in an urban network for Greenhouse Gas Emission and cost minimization

In this paper, we address the optimization problem of allocation of Electric Vehicle (EV) public fast charging stations over an urban grid network. The objective is to minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) under multiple constraints including a limited agency budget, accessibility of charging stations in every possible charging request and charging demands during peak hours. Additionally, we address bi-criteria problems to consider user costs as the second objective. A convex parsimonious model that depends on relatively few assumptions and input parameters is proposed and it is shown to be useful for obtaining conceptual insights for high-level planning. In a parametric study using a hypothetical urban network model generated based on realistic parameters, we show that GHG emissions decrease with agency budget, and that the reductions vary depending on multiple factors related to EV market and EV technologies. The optimal solutions found from the bi-criteria problems are shown to be close to the solution minimizing GHG emissions only, meaning that the emission minimizing policy can also minimize user costs.     

转炉煤气中O_2气体分析系统设计

通过分析煤气回收工艺,介绍了炼钢厂转炉煤气中O2气体分析系统,包括取样单元、样品传输单元、样品预处理单元、分析单元。O2气体分析系统安装在气化装置的现场,设置了现场分析防护室,为其提供良好的运行环境和特殊的防护,以确保实时、准确地检测出转炉煤气中O2的含量。     

燃气轮机的大型集装箱船LNG燃料舱布置

为了满足环保新法规要求，很多船东首选LNG作为船用燃料。本文基于燃气轮机推进的大型集装箱船的布置特点及IGF规则的要求，对LNG燃料舱布置的位置和LNG燃料舱适用的形式进行了论证，获得了满足大型集装箱船性能需求和IGF规则要求的LNG燃料舱设计方案。     

某型气垫登陆艇燃气涡轮发电机组弹性轴断裂分析

介绍了气垫登陆艇的故障现象,通过故障现象分析,对故障进行了定位,通过对故障件进行理化分析、金相组织分析、断口分析,设计图样与实物的制造符合性分析,最后采用实例建模进行了强度校核,得出某型气垫登陆艇燃气涡轮发电机组弹性轴断裂的故障模式。     

Comparison of HC species from diesel combustion modes and characterization of a heat-up doc formulation

This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NO_x trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion, and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection. Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO₂), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation.     

船舶柴油主机NOx减排废气再循环系统应用分析

分析最新首台符合IMO氮氧化物(NOx)排放标准Tier Ⅲ、装有废气循环技术的船用大型柴油机MAN B W 6S80ME-C9的EGR系统,并对EGR系统参数、EGR系统排放标准Tier Ⅲ认证试验、EGR系统洗涤器、 WTS水处理系统等进行研究,促进废气再循环技术在船的应用,以满足IMO关于 NOx的排放标准。     

浮式生产装置LNG预冷天然气分液罐泄漏扩散模拟研究

针对海洋工程中重气的泄漏而导致严重后果的问题,归纳国内外的重气研究结论,基于海上浮式生产装置的预冷天然气分液罐,建立了不同风速场、不同宽度的分液罐泄漏模型,对其进行了重气泄漏后的扩散模拟,得到了扩散后影响的区域结果,并提出了改进措施,为海上浮式生产装置的安全保障提供指导。     

浙江LNG码头总平面布置试验研究

浙江LNG码头是我国目前最大的LNG码头之一,所处环境相对复杂,在项目设计过程中,为确定合理的码头总 平面布置方案、保证船舶安全系靠泊,采用了物理模型试验的方法,对3个不同的平面布置方案进行了比较,通过试验得出 不同方案下的船舶运动量及系缆力等参数,通过分析试验结果最终明确了合理的总平面布置方案。     

专家系统在天然气管道运行优化中的应用探讨

讨论了调度员和专家系统在天然气管道运行中的基本任务。针对管道运行过程中存在的一些不确定和不精确信息 ,在专家系统中引入了模糊集和模糊逻辑的理论 ,以描述此类信息 ,可在人类和机器之间提供一种更加自然的联系方式。着重讨论了知识的获取及模糊控制规则。此外 ,所述方法提供了一种比较方便的天然气管道优化控制方式