基于蠕滑机理的重载货车车轮磨耗研究

在多体动力学分析软件包SIMPACK中建立重载货车动力学模型,基于轮轨蠕滑机理在MATLAB软件中编制车轮踏面磨耗仿真程序WWS.根据车轮磨耗仿真结果和现场实测结果对Zobory磨耗模型进行修正.研究车辆非理想状态对车轮磨耗的影响,分析轮轨型面和转向架结构对车辆非理想状态的适应性.通过钢轨表面滚动接触疲劳损伤特征的研究,对车轮滚动接触疲劳和磨耗耦合关系进行数值模拟.主要研究内容和结论如下.     

基于激光位移传感器的车轮踏面磨耗检测方法研究

针对当前城轨车辆车轮踏面磨耗人工检测劳动强度高、检测精度低的问题,提出一种基于激光位移传感器的车轮踏面磨耗检测方法。首先在轨道外侧安装一组激光位移传感器进行车轮踏面数据采集;其次结合标准轮对踏面轮廓数据,采用数据预处理、坐标旋转、数据融合等算法获取实际车轮踏面轮廓线;最后根据踏面磨耗几何关系获得车轮踏面磨耗值。通过踏面磨耗检测误差分析以及现场标准轮对实验和过车实验表明,所提方法检测精度为±0.2 mm,抗干扰能力强,能够满足踏面磨耗检测实际要求。     

荧光磁粉探伤裂纹智能识别图像处理研究

磁粉探伤的发展趋势是自动化、智能化,而工件表面状况、真伪裂纹、工况条件等使得现有的检测识别方法难以满足工件表面裂纹缺陷自动检测识别的需要。在分析工件表面荧光磁粉图像特征及裂纹缺陷特征的基础上,研究表征裂纹邻域像素空间相关度的二维直方图分布,提出基于多重分块极值的图像边缘检测算法。根据裂纹邻域像素空间相关度参数,以及裂纹缺陷的长宽比、圆形度等特征,设计了基于Fisher线性判别方法的工件裂纹识别算法。以此为基础的荧光磁粉探伤工件裂纹缺陷自动检测识别技术,应用于列车轮轴检测线实时检测,裂纹缺陷的有效检出率达99%。     

汽车车轮侧滑量检测存在问题及对策研究

在分析侧滑产生机理的基础上，论述了目前侧滑检测中存在的检测结果离散性大、判定失准等问题。指出产生这些问题的原因除车速、载荷、胎压等因素外，还包括侧滑台的技术状况、检测站的设计形式等因素。针对问题提出了稳定检测条件、合理制定标准、提高检测技术等实现侧滑量准确检测与正确评定的有效措施。     

Wheel-rail contact models for vehicle system dynamics including multi-point contact

Advanced modelling of rail vehicle dynamics requires realistic solutions of contact problems for wheels and rails that are able to describe contact singularities, encountered for wheels and rails. The basic singularities demonstrate themselves as double and multiple contact patches. The solutions of the contact problems have to be known practically in each step of the numerical integration of the differential equations of the model. The existing fast, approximate methods of solution to achieve this goal have been outlined. One way to do this is to replace a multi-point contact by a set of ellipses. The other methods are based on so-called virtual penetration. They allow calculating the non-elliptical, multiple contact patches and creep forces online, during integration of the model. This allows nearly real-time simulations. The methods are valid and applicable for so-called quasi-Hertzian cases, when the contact conditions do not deviate much from the assumptions of the Hertz theory. It is believed that it is worthwhile to use them in other cases too.     

无轴轮缘推进器中可拆卸螺旋桨的性能分析

应用FLUENT数值模拟软件对无轴轮缘推进器螺旋桨进行水动力分析,根据实际运行工况需求确定数值模拟的基本方程、湍流模型、初始条件、边界条件、流体域以及网格划分等参数,建立相关数值模拟模型,计算出不同桨叶数目的螺旋桨在一定进速条件下的桨叶压力分布状况及螺旋桨推力与扭矩,并与常用经验公式计算结果进行比较,验证了无轴轮缘推进器螺旋桨有限体积元模型的正确性。研究结果可为该类型螺旋桨的优化设计提供理论支持。     

The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

Nonlinear three-dimensional wagon-track model for the investigation of rail corrugation initiation on curved track

A nonlinear wagon-track model on curved track has been developed to characterize rail corrugation formation due to self-excitation of the wheel-rail stick-slip process. In this model, wagon movements were described using up to 78 degrees of freedom (DOFs) to model a three-piece freight bogie. Innovatively, the wheelset movements are described using nine DOFs, including torsional and bending modes about the longitudinal and vertical directions. The track modelling is considered as a one-layer structure (two rail beams on discrete spring and damper elements). The wheel sliding after creepage saturation is considered in the wheel-rail interface modelling. Simulation of a case study shows that the frequencies of the wheel stick-slip process are composed of the basic frequency, which might come from the combined effect of sleeper-passing frequency and one-third of the combined torsional and bending frequency of the wheelset, and the double and triple basic frequencies, which form the wavelengths of rail corrugation at different situations.     

车轮在沙地上滚动的稳定性分析

采用试验分析方法，研究了车轮在沙地上滚动特性 探索了车轮失去稳定性的机理，指出了提高车轮在沙地上滚动稳定性的有效途径，为开发轮式沙漠汽车提供了依据。     

独立悬架车辆转向轮侧滑及其影响因素的试验研究

结合独立悬架车辆转向轮定位参数的特点,采用二元二次回归正交组合设计方法设计了试验方案,并对影响转向轮侧滑的轮胎胎压、载荷和车速等相关因素进行了试验研究。通过对试验数据进行回归处理,得到了侧滑量与转向轮定位参数间的定量映射关系,并对其进行了回归系数、回归方程的显著性检验和失拟检验。结合汽车动力学相关理论对试验研究结果进行了分析。