汽车用先进高强钢板材断裂性能研究进展

根据汽车碰撞过程的动态应变响应和大变形特点,针对汽车用先进高强钢板材,从断裂失效机理、影响材料断裂行为的关键因素、断裂预测模型、基于复杂承载工况下材料的断裂预测模型建立方法等多方面进行论述。基于应力三轴度、洛德角、应变速率及极限断裂应变于一体的断裂准则模型,相比于传统方法可实现对汽车安全件碰撞性能的高精度预测,具有行业推广应用价值。     

Ductile crack initiation behavior in steels with compressive prestrain

It is well known that compressive prestrain reduces ductility in steels. On the other hand, it has also been found that high stress triaxiality reduces equivalent plastic strain at the onset of ductile fracture. In this research, plate specimens and notched bar specimens, which were prestrained in compression with bending, were used in reversed bending tests, and the effect of compressive prestrain on ductile crack initiation in steels was investigated. It was found that small ductile cracks occurred from the microscopic wrinkles which were formed on the concave surface with compressive prestrain. The critical relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain at ductile crack initiation was investigated by finite-element analysis. It was found that ductile crack initiation in steels with compressive prestrain can be estimated qualitatively by the relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain.     

裂纹尖端区的应变和三轴应力

鉴于全塑性解存在的问题,Tian and Gao(2004y1]导出能反映弹性应变的弹塑性裂纹尖端场.本文给出了其三轴应力和应变分布,并给出了相应的有限元数值解.分析表明,高三轴应力引起的高弹性体变形和弹性能是诱发裂纹扩展的主要因素.     

复杂应力状态下船用低碳钢断裂应变的“断崖现象”

文章进行了应力状态的坐标转换,开展了68个低碳钢圆棒拉伸、缺口拉伸、圆柱墩粗、压剪和简单剪切等试样在复杂应力状态下的断裂特性实验,再现了低应力三轴度时断裂应变“断崖现象”,基于Lode角与应力三轴度的联合作用对该现象进行了解释。通过遗传算法,给出了优化后的低碳钢Bai断裂准则参数,并通过比较不同断裂准则预测值与实验值,验证了Bai准则的有效性。     

焊缝界面区域应力状态对异种钢接头蠕变断裂行为的影响

从理论上分析了异种钢接头邻近焊缝界面低强材料区的应力状态及其对蠕变断裂行为的影响，建立了表征应力状态的应力三轴系σＨ／σ↑－与蠕变应变率比εＷ↑－ｃ／εＢ↑－ｃ之间的定量关系式。分析结果表明：邻近界面低强材料的三轴拉应力是导致接头早期低塑蠕变失效的主要原因。蠕变断裂实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于低速Taylor杆实验的应力波效应对船用低碳钢损伤特性的影响

Taylor杆常被用于确定材料动力学行为和损伤特性的常用实验。文章开展了低碳钢的霍普金森压杆实验和缺口拉伸实验,并基于J-C模型和B-W损伤模型确定了船用低碳钢的动力学特性。开展了150-250 m/s速度内的Taylor杆撞击实验的仿真,划分了应力波不同效应的4个阶段,确定了大塑形变形、延性损伤和剪切损伤等3种典型损伤模式。该文为确定船用钢在爆炸冲击载荷下的损伤特性提供了参考。     

Influence of mesh size,stress triaxiality and damage induced softening on ductile fracture of large-scale shell structures

In this investigation, ductile fracture in stiffened and unstiffened panels is simulated employing the fracture criterion, which depends on the mesh size, stress state and damage induced softening. The aim of the study is to show that employed fracture criterion removes mesh size effects more efficiently than traditional fracture criteria adjusted only on the basis of uniaxial tension. Fracture model is implemented into Finite Element software ABAQUS using user-defined material, VUMAT-subroutine, available for shell elements. Mesh size sensitivity analysis is carried out. Finite element simulation results are validated with experimental measurements available in literature. Comparison of numerical and experimental results shows that simulations effectively capture most of the experimentally observed features, especially when considering different mesh densities. In most cases, mesh size effects are considerably reduced compared with the fracture criteria adjusted on the basis of a uniaxial tension.