Analysis of Coastal Wetland Changes Using the “DPSIR” Model: A Case Study in Xiamen,China

Over the past several decades, human activities have had significant impacts on coastal wetlands worldwide. Here, using a model of “Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR)” and data collected from coastal wetlands in Xiamen, China, we have analyzed temporal changes in regional coastal wetland ecosystem structure and function from 1950 through 2005. The study period was divided into four parts for comparative analysis: pre-1980s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000 to present. Our results show that anthropogenic drivers of coastal wetland degradation in this region have increased substantially since 1950, and that this is correlated with a decline in coastal wetland function over the same period.     

高原湿地公路盲管排水系统设计研究

国道213线郎木寺至川主寺公路改建工程通过我国最大的高原湿地——若尔盖湿地，设计中掌握公路附近湿地的地下水流特征才能确定盲管的管径和铺设密度。为此，在对郎川公路和若尔盖湿地资料收集和实地调查的基础上，通过在典型地区进行抽水试验获得实测数据，并采用数值模拟得到地下水流模型，从而进行盲管排水系统设计。     

港口工程建设对湿地生态承载力的影响

采用以生态适宜性分析为基础的区域生态承载力评价，在地理信息技术的支持下定量获取各评价指标的信息，研究港口工程建设对湿地环境承载力的影响。研究表明，该方法是生态承载力评价方法的有效补充，弥补了生态承载力评价的不足。     

Policy considerations for wetland wastewater treatment in the coastal zone: A case study for Louisiana

Two major environmental problems currently affecting the Louisiana coastal zone are a high rate of wetland loss and high levels of surface water pollution. The application of secondarily treated wastewater to wetlands can be a means of dealing with both of these problems. The benefits of wetland wastewater treatment include improved surface water quality, increased accretion rates to balance a high relative water level rise due mainly to subsidence, improved plant productivity and habitat quality, and decreased capital outlays for conventional engineering treatment systems. Wetland treatment systems can, therefore, be designed and operated to restore deteriorating wetlands. Hydrologically altered wetlands, which are common in the Louisiana coastal zone, are appropriate for receiving municipal and some types of industrial effluent. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined wetland wastewater treatment is effective in treating municipal effluent, it has discouraged the use of natural wetlands for this purpose. At the same time, funds are being used for the construction of artificial wetlands to treat municipal effluent. In the Louisiana coastal zone, however, wetlands are deteriorating and disappearing due to hydrological alteration and a high rate of relative sea level rise. If no action is taken, these trends will continue. Effluent discharge to existing wetlands should be incorporated into a comprehensive management plan designed to increase sediment and nutrient input into subsiding wetlands in the Louisiana coastal zone, improve water quality, and result in more economical waste‐water treatment. The authors believe that the Louisiana example serves as a model for other coastal areas especially in light of projections of accelerated sea level rise.     

公路建设对湿地动物的影响及防治对策——以内蒙古省际通道支线通辽-鲁北段为例

以通辽-鲁北公路在荷叶花湿地的建设为例,分析了公路建设对动物产生的影响,对该路段的生物通道设置情况进行了介绍和探讨。在综合考虑动物类型、湿地环境特点、通道周围环境及人类活动等因素的基础上提出了相关建议。     

潜流人工湿地基质除氮磷效果研究

通过测试分析研究了由碎石、陶粒、石英砂3种不同基质构建的潜流式人工湿地运行初期对N、P的去除效果.实验采用连续流进水方式,水力负荷控制在4.95～8.25cm/d,实验结果表明碎石为基质的单元对N、P去除效果最好,陶粒单元次之,石英砂单元效果较差.对TP平均去除率分别为90.34%、83.24%和71.02%;对NH3-N平均去除率分别为70%、48.68%和39.34%;对TN的去除率分别为59.48%、42.65%、30.26%.结果还表明,填料在湿地除磷方面起主要作用,选择基质对除磷非常重要;填料对氮的去除也有较大影响.     

寒区湿地软土抗剪强度特征试验研究

针对寒区湿地公路软土地基在路堤填筑分级加载作用下的稳定性问题,为采用理论计算方法研究寒区湿地软土地基稳定性提供必要的计算参数,采集原状土,对寒区湿地两层软土进行三轴试验和直剪试验。研究寒区湿地软土在5个不同固结压力和3个不同固结度下主应力差与轴向应变关系的变化,以及5个不同固结压力和6个固结度下抗剪强度指标和抗剪强度的变化。试验结果表明:采用不排水剪,第1层软土的应力-应变关系呈现典型的加工硬化特征,第2层软土的则接近于理想塑性。在相同的应变下,随着固结压力和固结度的增加偏应力逐渐增大;抗剪强度随固结压力和固结度的增加而增大。粘聚力c在固结度U<20%时,随固结度的增加而减小;固结度U>20%,总体上随固结度的增加而增大。内摩擦角φ随着固结度的增大有所增加,但规律性不很明显。     

人工湿地强化处理污水的技术措施

人工湿地作为一种生态节能的污水处理技术,由于具有建造和运行管理费用低、处理效果良好等优点在日益广泛地用于处理各种污水。但人工湿地系统在运行过程中存在单一类型湿地运行效果差、湿地内溶解氧水平低、湿地基质堵塞等问题,制约着湿地净化效率的提高。为此,研究者采取了许多措施进行人工湿地强化处理污水研究,本文总结了这些强化措施,并提出了进一步加强人工湿地运行效果的设想。     

浅谈人工湿地的应用发展

该文介绍了人工湿地的定义、分类、构造、特点、污染物的去除机理,及其在国内外的应用发展情况。     

芜申线航道整治工程中复合地基摩擦系数的试验研究

芜申线航道全长92.084 km,护岸总长度约106 km,护岸挡土墙大部分座落在粉质黏土层和淤泥质粉质黏土层上,地质条件较差,为了护岸的安全,对软土地基进行小木桩和水泥搅拌桩处理.详细介绍了原状土地基和复合地基现场摩擦系数试验的方法、工况和成果,为内河航道护岸设计中摩擦系数的选取提供了现场试验资料,具有较好的实用价值.