基于NExT/ERA方法环境激励下的船体结构模型总体模态参数识别

运行模态识别是一种仅仅根据环境激励下的结构振动响应来提取结构模态参数的方法,此方法一般基于环境激励为白噪声的假设。文章讨论了NExT/ERA方法在船体结构总体模态识别中的可行性,并采用了自然激励技术与特征系统实现算法相结合的方法,识别了船体模型的总体模态参数。文中还讨论了NExT/ERA方法的基本理论及计算流程,并引入了奇异值分解图和稳定图相结合的方法更好地确定系统的阶次;最后,用NExT/ERA算法有效地识别了简支梁模型和船体模型的模态参数。     

高桩码头桩基动力损伤识别方法

结构的损伤对其动力特性会产生一定的影响,利用结构损伤前后的模态参数的变化来进行结构的损伤识别是行之有效的方法。然而结构在完整状态下的模态参数很难得到,损伤程度更是难以确定。针对上述问题,提出一种基于损伤状态下的拟合曲率模态的损伤识别方法:首先通过损伤后的位移模态拟合出无损伤位移模态,然后根据拟合出的位移模态得到拟合曲率模态,基于损伤后的真实曲率模态相对于拟合曲率模态的突变来判别损伤位置;引入曲率相对改变量、损伤位置参数和模态阶数作为损伤样本的特征向量,通过支持向量机判断结构损伤程度。实例分析表明该方法能够对高桩码头排架结构的损伤进行识别。     

基于灵敏度的结构损伤识别方法

提出了一种基于灵敏度的结构损伤识别方法,该方法仅利用结构损伤前后的前三阶模态参数来确定结构的损伤定位因子和损伤程度评估因子,实现对结构损伤的识别。本文用三维五层框架结构有限元模型数值模拟了四种典型的损伤工况,损伤识别结果表明,应用本文所提的损伤定位因子可准确的对损伤构件实现损伤定位,相应得出的损伤程度评估结果也与模拟的损伤工况较吻合。该方法不需要归一化的振型,仅利用结构基准模型和损伤实测的低阶模态即可,简便易行,具有一定的应用价值。     

基于柔度曲率矩阵的曲面板结构损伤识别方法

为了对船体中曲面板结构的损伤部位准确地进行损伤识别分析,提出了一种基于柔度曲率矩阵的曲面板结构损伤识别方法并进行了仿真分析.按照Kirchhoff薄板假定对板结构进行单元划分,以结构的响应重建柔度矩阵,并通过类曲率半径方法对柔度值的变化进行放大进而得到柔度曲率矩阵.算例分析表明,该方法损伤定位准确并且具有较高的灵敏度,避免了使用原未损结构的模态参数,所需损伤结构的模态少甚至只需一阶模态信息就可有效地进行损伤识别分析.     

基于动力特性与小波变换的损伤检测方法在海洋平台中的应用

研究了平台下部结构的不同位置发生不同程度损伤时，利用数值计算可以得到平台结构的固有频率、振型、模态应变能、频响函数等有关参数。利用上述参数变化，可以用来识别损伤、损伤位置以及损伤程度。研究表明，振型参数可以用来对损伤进行定位，模态应变能方法可以发现结构的早期损伤，而频响函数可以发现下部结构任何构件的断裂；借助于小波变换对频响函数进行分析，可以发现早期结构损伤。     

基于模态曲率法的海洋平台结构损伤识别与定位研究

针对海洋平台结构特点,将海洋平台结构分为若干子结构,基于模态曲率法结合模态应变发展了一种适用于海洋平台结构的损伤识别与定位方法.为了验证该方法的可行性和有效性,以一典型导管架平台为数值算例,建立有限元损伤模型,分别进行了单构件损伤及多构件损伤时的识别效果研究.数值计算结果表明将模态曲率法和应变模态相结合进行海洋平台的损伤识别与定位是切实可行的.     

船舶结构动载试验的基于参考测点随机子空间法

文章提出了基于参考点的随机子空间船舶模态参数识别方法.该方法直接根据环境激励下测得的输出响应来构建Hankel矩阵,并通过QR分解技术对数据进行精简,再对投影矩阵进行奇异值分解(SVD)来剔除噪声,最后识别出结构的模态参数.它不受FFT(傅立叶变换)的影响,识别速度快,精度高.对于需快速识别船舶结构的模态参数,检测其可能存在的损伤,建立起预警及适时维修机制提供了有效手段.     

含损伤加筋板结构声辐射模态变异研究

本文采用声辐射模态的有关理论,用结构的声辐射模态参数来表征结构本身的固有声辐射特性.以加筋板结构为例,计算不同加筋情况和结构不同损伤情况下的声辐射模态.基于Mindlin理论,建立描述健康和损伤的四结点有限元板壳单元模型,采用有限元方法计算结构表面动力响应.各向同性损伤单元,采取刚度各向整体弱化的方法分析;对于各向异性损伤单元,采用K8chanov理论,引人了x和y两个方向的弹性损伤折减系数.考虑到不同损伤存在形式,计算分析了损伤对振动频率、模态以及声辐射模态的影响.文章建立了一种含损伤结构的分析方法,通过对一些典型算例分析,在评价损伤对船舶与海洋结构物常用的加筋结构声辐射特性影响方面做出了一定的探索.     

利用声压信号基于HHT方法识别结构模态参数

文章基于结构振动声辐射的近场声压信号,结合Hilbert-Huang变换推导出声压信号和结构模态参数的关系,实现了利用声压信号对结构模态参数的识别。该方法既结合了声压信号非接触测量的优点,也结合了HHT适合处理非线性非平稳信号的优点,且只需适当一位置近场声压测量值,就可以准确地识别结构的固有频率和模态阻尼比。数值模拟实例也表明了该方法准确有效,为工程实际中结构的模态参数识别提供了一种新的简单实用方法。     

应用移动质量法的结构损伤小波识别方法

为提高结构损伤识别的精度,充分发挥小波识别在特征提取、信号奇异性检测、信号降噪等方面的独特优势,提出采用移动质量多次检测法的结构损伤小波识别方法。该方法采用移动质量块在不同位置对桥梁进行多次测量,利用各次测量的频率值的变量来确定桥梁结构的其他模态参数,从而确定桥梁的局部单一和多处损伤情况。采用数值算例对该方法进行验证,结果显示,对简支梁的单一和多处损伤识别效果明显。     

环境激励下自升式海洋平台损伤诊断

为探究适用于海洋平台结构的有效损伤诊断方法,针对某自升式平台的比例模型开展环境激励下损伤诊断试验研究。分别采用频域法中的增强频域分解法和时域法中的随机子空间法处理测试数据,提取前三阶的固有频率、振型和阻尼比等模态参数,并结合频率和振型识别结果计算节点柔度矩阵。通过分析平台模型模态参数和节点柔度矩阵的变化率,识别预先设置的结构损伤。试验结果表明,两种模态识别方法均能有效识别环境激励下的平台模型模态参数,其中利用固有频率变化率能够有效判断结构是否产生损伤,利用振型和柔度矩阵的变化率能够实现损伤的准确定位。     

一种改进的海洋平台结构损伤诊断方法研究(英文)

In the exploitation of ocean oil and gas, many offshore structures may be damaged due to the severe environment, so an effective method of diagnosing structural damage is urgently needed to locate the damage and evaluate its severity. Genetic algorithms have become some of the most important global optimization tools and been widely used in many fields in recent years because of their simple operation and strong robustness. Based on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure, the damage diagnosis of a jacket offshore platform is attributed to an optimization problem and studied by using a genetic algorithm. According to the principle that the structural stiffness of a certain direction can be greatly affected only when the brace bar in the corresponding direction is damaged, an improved objective function was proposed in this paper targeting measurement noise and the characteristics of modal identification for offshore platforms. This function can be used as fitness function of a genetic algorithm, and both numerical simulation and physical model test results show that the improved method may locate the structural damage and evaluate the severity of a jacket offshore platform satisfactorily while improving the robustness of evolutionary searching and the reliability of damage diagnosis.     

利用一种改进的模态应变能法诊断海洋平台结构的损伤（英文）

The development of robust damage detection methods for offshore structures is crucial to prevent catastrophes caused by structural failures. In this research, we developed an Improved Modal Strain Energy(IMSE) method for detecting damage in offshore platform structures based on a traditional modal strain energy method(the Stubbs index method). The most significant difference from the Stubbs index method was the application of modal frequencies. The goal was to improve the robustness of the traditional method. To demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed IMSE method, both numerical and experimental studies were conducted for different damage scenarios using a jacket platform structure. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the IMSE method in damage location when only limited, spatially incomplete, and noise-polluted modal data is available. Comparative studies showed that the IMSE index outperformed the Stubbs index and exhibited stronger robustness, confirming the superiority of the proposed approach.     

An improved modal strain energy method for damage detection in offshore platform structures

The development of robust damage detection methods for offshore structures is crucial to prevent catastrophes caused by structural failures. In this research, we developed an Improved Modal Strain Energy (IMSE) method for detecting damage in offshore platform structures based on a traditional modal strain energy method (the Stubbs index method). The most significant difference from the Stubbs index method was the application of modal frequencies. The goal was to improve the robustness of the traditional method. To demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed IMSE method, both numerical and experimental studies were conducted for different damage scenarios using a jacket platform structure. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the IMSE method in damage location when only limited, spatially incomplete, and noise-polluted modal data is available. Comparative studies showed that the IMSE index outperformed the Stubbs index and exhibited stronger robustness, confirming the superiority of the proposed approach.     

基于曲率模态和小波变换的码头排架损伤识别方法*

为准确识别高桩码头的结构损伤,采用曲率模态、曲率模态差和小波变换法进行结构损伤识别,通过对码头排架不同损伤工况下的实例分析,验证了这3种方法在码头结构损伤识别中的可行性和适用性。研究结果表明,当结构无损模态未知时,采用曲率模态小波变换法能够较好地定位结构损伤;当结构无损模态已知时,运用曲率模态差法能准确定位结构损伤。进一步分析表明,曲率模态小波变换系数峰值和曲率模态差突变量还能用于初步判定码头结构多点损伤的损伤程度。     

基于量子天牛群算法的高桩码头横向排架结构损伤识别

针对高桩码头损伤识别问题,引入量子行为优化天牛群(BSO)算法,利用结构模态参数(固有频率和振型)的差别构造目标函数,提出了一种基于量子天牛群(QBSO)算法的损伤识别方法。采用所提方法对一高桩码头模型单直桩、单叉桩的单损伤,双直桩、双叉桩、直桩+叉桩的双损伤进行了计算,并与天牛群(BSO)算法与粒子群(PSO)算法进行对比;对振型添加噪声后单叉桩的单损伤进行了计算。结果表明:所提方法计算效率高、收敛速度快,具有较强的稳定性和抗噪性,能够快速精准地识别出损伤位置与损伤程度。     

利用环境振动分析对受超大型船舶撞击后的码头进行结构监测的快速工具（英文）

Operational modal analysis is a non-destructive structural investigation that considers only the loads resulting from service conditions.This approach allows the measurement of vibrations on a given structure with no need to interrupt its use.The present work aims to develop a numerical model to represent the global structural behavior of a vessel breasting dolphin using a technique that is simple and cheap in order to obtain a fast answer about the stiffness of a pier after the collision of ships with capacity up to 400,000 t.To determine the modes of vibration,one accelerometer was installed on the breasting dolphin located on the pier and a frequency domain technic was conducted over recorded data to obtain modal parameters of the structure.In situ measurements were compared to data from a finite element model based on the original structural design in order to adapt the model to accurately represent the actual behavior of the system.This allowed a reliable structural analysis that accounted for existing structural damage and imperfections.The results of the experiment presented herein are the numerical characterization of the structure,along with the structural analysis to assess the degree of damage currently observed on the system.It is noted that the dolphin subjected to ship impacts presents a reduction in stiffness of approximately10% and its global damage level can be monitored from now after new accidents.     

简支梁损伤定位的直接指标法应用

结构损伤诊断主要内容是对各种工程结构进行检测并对检测结果做适当的分析,从而确定结构的健康状况。损伤诊断要解决的关键问题之一是判断结构损伤的位置。结构损伤会对结构的物理特性如刚度,质量,阻尼等产生影响,从而使结构的模态参数如固有频率、振型等发生改变。研究结果表明应变相比固有频率和振型对局部损伤更加敏感。基于应变模态差分原理的损伤定位直接指标法ISMSD(Strain Mode Shape Difference)具有无需原始模态数据的优点。本文通过有限元方法计算得到非贯穿裂纹梁的位移模态,进而计算得到应变模态。再对经过三次样条插值的光滑应变模态差分曲线进行直接损伤指标值计算。对假定两处损伤的简支梁在几种不同损伤程度状况下进行数值仿真计算,直接根据直接指标值的大小正确地判定了损伤位置,尤其是损伤量较小时。     

船模在简谐激励存在时的运行模态分析(英文)

A ship is operated under an extremely complex environment, and waves and winds are assumed to be the stochastic excitations. Moreover, the propeller, host and mechanical equipment can also induce the harmonic responses. In order to reduce structural vibration, it is important to obtain the modal parameters information of a ship. However, the traditional modal parameter identification methods are not suitable since the excitation information is difficult to obtain. Natural excitation technique-eigensystem realization algorithm (NExT-ERA) is an operational modal identification method which abstracts modal parameters only from the response signals, and it is based on the assumption that the input to the structure is pure white noise. Hence, it is necessary to study the influence of harmonic excitations while applying the NExT-ERA method to a ship structure. The results of this research paper indicate the practical experiences under ambient excitation, ship model experiments were successfully done in the modal parameters identification only when the harmonic frequencies were not too close to the modal frequencies.