汽轮滑油泵钻孔喷嘴流场的数值模拟

利用商用CFD软件对某型汽轮滑油泵钻孔喷嘴进行了数值模拟,研究了4种不同背压(0.12 MPa、0.4 MPa、1 MPa、1.6 MPa)条件下钻孔喷嘴内部的流场变化。模拟结果表明:当背压较小时,背压不影响喷嘴内部流场;随着背压的增大,喷嘴内部产生激波,造成激波损失;激波后存在逆压梯度,导致边界层分离,进一步增大流动损失,气动性能恶化;当背压很大时,喷嘴内为亚声速流动,流量迅速减小。     

耙吸挖泥船艏喷喷嘴结构设计优化方法

文章针对耙吸挖泥船艏喷喷嘴，以喷嘴出口半径、延伸段长度、喷嘴特征长度、艏喷管径为母型参数，计算不同喷嘴特征参数下的喷射特性，并构建出口喷射速度、喷嘴应力及散落度参数化函数，采用熵权法进行参数权重分析，形成一套耙吸挖泥船艏喷喷嘴结构设计优化方法。本文的研究成果对耙吸挖泥船艏喷喷嘴喷射特性的研究，以及完善耙吸挖泥船艏喷喷嘴的结构设计具有重要意义。     

汽轮机调速系统波动分析与调节汽阀改进设计

针对某船用汽轮发电机组出现的调速系统波动问题,通过理论分析与试验研究,得出转速大幅波动的主要原因,并针对这些原因,对调节汽阀重叠度进行调整。理论计算和试验表明,调整阀门重叠度后,汽轮机调速系统运行平稳,未出现转速大幅波动问题。     

船用柴油机SCR喷射系统结构参数三维仿真与优化

运用FIRE软件完成对6105AZLD型柴油机试验台SCR系统建模,在此基础上,分别从速度场、雾化效果、压力场三方面对仿真计算结果进行分析,验证了模型的合理性。使用控制变量法,针对影响SCR反应的因素,依次分析喷嘴孔数、扩张段长度、喷嘴距催化剂入口截面的距离对SCR系统的影响,以混合均匀度及NOx转化率为评价标准,选出一组最优的喷射系统结构参数。     

基于喷嘴内部流场的柴油机喷嘴高压喷雾仿真

为探讨对喷嘴内部的喷射流动模拟方法,建立柴油机喷油器有气穴和无气穴两种喷嘴内部CFD流动分析模型,对流动情况进行计算分析,将计算结果作为边界条件,对喷嘴喷雾场进行模拟,与实验结果对比表明,对于喷嘴内部流动,有气穴模型更接近于真实流动状态。     

射流式海底管道挖沟机喷嘴选型及布置研究

水力喷射式挖沟机进行海底管道挖沟时,处于挖沟机不同位置、不同朝向的喷嘴功能不同,影响挖沟效率的主要是喷射臂向前喷射的喷嘴和两臂相向喷射的喷嘴;不同地质情况下,喷嘴选型的不同对射流破土的影响不同;布置喷嘴时,相邻喷嘴的间距会影响射流是否发生干涉、射流破土覆盖范围等。因此,合理选型和布置喷嘴,对于提高挖沟机的工作效率十分必要。本文通过理论分析、数值模拟及实验等对不同地质情况下的主喷射臂向前喷射和相向喷射的喷嘴选型和布置进行分析,形成喷嘴选型建议。采用数值模拟和试验等方法,揭示相邻喷嘴射流的喷射和破土的干扰问题及最大间距。     

船用柴油机喷嘴断裂原因分析

综合运用计算流体力学、有限元法、应力波理论等现代计算技术与理论对某船用柴油机喷嘴的交变液力负荷与机械负荷进行了研究，对喷嘴的各个危险区域进行了疲劳强度分析。结果表明：喷嘴喷孔处存在应力集中现象，且安全系数最小，是喷嘴最早萌生疲劳裂纹进而使喷嘴发生疲劳断裂的主要原因。     

气体保护焊喷嘴对保护气用量的影响

传统气体保护焊焊接过程中消耗了大量的保护气,为了降低成本和减小资源消耗,在保证焊接质量的前提下,需要降低保护气用量.因此,设计了3种不同结构的喷嘴,对3种喷嘴和工业普通喷嘴的保护气流场进行了CFD分析,制订出评判气体流场是否合格的标准,得到了不同结构喷嘴的保护气合适用量.对这4种喷嘴分别采用保护气合适用量在Q235钢板上进行对接焊接,线切割成标准样件,然后进行拉伸实验,断口均发生在样件母材处.对焊缝断面进行硬度检测,4种喷嘴焊缝硬度变化趋势一致,其中缩径喷嘴和扩散喷嘴在热影响区硬度呈现峰值.采用合适的喷嘴结构,可以显著减小传统保护焊保护气用量,对实际生产具有重要的指导意义.     

基于重新建模法的滑行艇阻力数值计算

针对采用重叠网格法对滑行艇阻力数值计算时,采用不同子域的方式会增加网格数量,且在2套网格交接位置通过插值实现数据交换会引入额外的误差,从而导致计算精度和计算效率不高的问题,引入动态边界实现的网格方法,即重新建模法。借助计算流体动力学(CFD)软件STARCCM+,分别采用2种网格方法对一模型尺度滑行艇进行数值模拟,通过对试验结果进行对比和不确定度分析,对数值方法进行确认和验证。在此基础上,采用重叠网格方法和重新建模法对不同航速滑行艇进行绕流场数值模拟。并进行阻力和航态数值结果对比。结果表明,与重叠网格方法相比,重新建模方法的计算精度和计算效率均所有提高。     

船用特种设备专用喷嘴和其加工模具的设计

一船用特种设备活塞筒内特定区域是润滑盲区需要喷射润滑油,以往型式的喷嘴无法胜任,需要专门设计,其中喷头是关键。以8个喷油孔为例,将喷头内外端中心圆周8等份,以其均匀错位45度的8根线段为8个喷油孔的中心线,并以内外端油孔中心圆半径和端面厚度作为参数,用Pro/ENGINEER软件立体建模,以改变3个参数模拟喷射效果而进行参数优化。再通过建立空间平面直线方程推导出油孔加工模具的几何尺寸,确定模具组成;同时对喷嘴其余组件进行改进。最后对新喷嘴进行喷射效果和可靠性试验,试验表明其性能符合该特种设备对其要求。     

三维竖轴潮流水轮机水动力性能研究

竖轴水轮机作为潮流能转换为电能的核心装置,其水动力性能的优劣将会直接影响到整体发电系统的效率。为了研究大型竖轴水轮机叶片安装角对水轮机水动力性能的影响,基于多参考系模型(MRF),采用Fluent软件对流场中的模型进行3D数值模拟。在转速和来流速度保持不变,改变安装角时,分析同种翼型5个不同安装角叶片对潮流能水轮机的水动力性能的影响。同时分析在同一安装角和旋转速度条件下,不同来流速度对水轮机水动力性能的影响。结果表明,叶片安装角对竖轴潮流水轮机的能量利用率影响较大,来流速度对水轮机叶片表面的静压力和输出功率具有一定的影响。研究结果对今后竖轴水轮机的设计和生产具有借鉴意义。     

射水清淤船管道压力损失和喷嘴流量的研究

射水清淤船作为一种新型的疏浚及整平航道的工具,得到了广泛的应用,精确计算其管道压力损失和喷嘴流量强度将直接关系到该船抽水泵的选取及清淤效果.以某一射水清淤船为研究对象,基于不同的喷嘴形状和分布情况,建立了3种计算模型,分别对其管道压力损失和喷嘴流量强度进行了分析对比和评价.计算结果表明,圆台形喷嘴的管道局部压力损失比圆柱形喷嘴小.此外,喷嘴的流量强度与该船清淤过程中产生的混合泥层的速度及厚度有关,可以通过改变喷嘴流量强度来实现更好的清淤效果.     

叶顶间隙对船舶余热系统动力涡轮性能的影响

近些年来随着国家对节能减排的重视,越来越多的注意力集中于船舶余热利用系统。动力涡轮是余热利用系统的重要组成部分,其设计效果直接影响余热利用系统的转换效率,本文通过数值模拟的方法研究叶顶间隙对动力涡轮的性能影响。结果表明叶顶间隙的增加会导致径流式涡轮二次流动损失的增加,进而导致涡轮等熵效率下降。     

湿空气透平循环（HAT循环）中饱和器性能实验台的设计

本实验模拟了实际ＨＡＴ循环中饱和器的热力过程，通过实验，研究分析，影响饱和器性能的主要因素，从而探讨了ＨＡＴ循环的商业化途径，本文介绍了实验装置流程，饱和器结构，喷雾嘴布置及水加热设备的设计。     

船用汽轮机组超音速喷嘴设计研究

针对某船用汽轮机组调节级需承担较大的焓降,在理论计算的基础上对超音速喷嘴进行了三维实体建模,并运用金三维黏性数值模拟方法详细研究了超音速喷嘴内的流场特性,旨在揭示超音速喷嘴的设计在膨胀比和效率上是否满足调节级的设计需求.计算结果表明:理论计算与数值模拟结果吻合良好,超音速喷嘴内静压分布合理,型面损失较小,满足调节级的设计需求.     

剪切流对水平轴潮流能水轮机水动力性能影响

为了研究剪切流下潮流能水平轴水轮机水动力载荷特性,本文基于CFD方法,建立剪切流模型,计算了剪切流下水平轴水轮机的水动力载荷,并分析得出剪切率对水动力载荷的影响规律。结果表明：剪切流情况下,水动力载荷系数时历曲线发生明显波动,除弯矩系数的波动频率和叶轮旋转频率一致外,其他系数的波动频率均是叶轮旋转频率的2倍,且剪切率越大,水动力载荷系数的波动幅值就越大;随着速比增大,弯矩系数的波动幅值逐渐增加,而侧向力系数波动幅值先增加再减小,在最优速比左右达到最大值。研究成果可为潮流能水平轴水轮机的结构设计和性能优化提供依据。     

叶轮级数对一种潮流水轮机水动力性能的影响研究

为了进一步提高潮流能水轮机叶轮的能量捕获性能(获能效率),对一种多级获能潮流水轮机叶轮进行了研究。利用ANSYS16.0 中的CFX流体仿真模块对一种潮流水轮机的叶轮级数进行了数值计算,对不同级数的叶轮进行水动力性能模拟,考察一、二、三级叶轮在不同流速下呈现的速度、压力分布以及流场压差变化情况,并通过样机实验进行了验证。结果表明,叶轮级数的增加可以提高轮机对水流能量的捕获性能；就各个流速工况下的整体获能系数而言,三级叶轮最佳,但启动性能有所下降,三级叶轮启动流速在0.75m/s左右；三级叶轮的最优水速在1.5m/s左右,理想状态下获能效率可达51%上下。     

Application of LES in the study of inlet flow field in marine gas turbine

The structure and aerodynamics performance of gas turbine inlet system is an important part of technology of gas turbine installed on naval vessels. The design and numerical simulations of gas turbine inlet system are conducted and reliable foundation for design and manufacture of marine gas turbine inlet system of high performance is provided. Numerical simulations and experiments of two inlet system models of gas turbine are conducted with satisfactory results and are of significance to the actual application of the inlet system.     

Improving Tidal Turbine Performance Through Multi-Rotor Fence Configurations

Constructive interference between tidal stream turbines in multi-rotor fence configurations arrayed normally to the flow has been shown analytically, computationally, and experimentally to enhance turbine performance. The increased resistance to bypass flow due to the presence of neighbouring turbines allows a static pressure difference to develop in the channel and entrains a greater flow rate through the rotor swept area. Exploiting the potential improvement in turbine performance requires that turbines either be operated at higher tip speed ratios or that turbines are redesigned in order to increase thrust. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-scale flow dynamics, in which a distinction is made between device-scale and fence-scale flow events, have an important role in the physics of flow past tidal turbine fences partially spanning larger channels. Although the reduction in flow rate through the fence as the turbine thrust level increases has been previously demonstrated, the within-fence variation in turbine performance, and the consequences for overall farm performance, is less well understood. The impact of turbine design and operating conditions, on the performance of a multi-rotor tidal fence is investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes embedded blade element actuator disk simulations. Fences consisting of four, six, and eight turbines are simulated, and it is demonstrated that the combination of device- and fence-scale flow effects gives rise to cross-fence thrust and power variation. These cross-fence variations are also a function of turbine thrust, and hence design conditions, although it is shown simple turbine control strategies can be adopted in order to reduce the cross-fence variations and improve overall fence performance. As the number of turbines in the fence, and hence fence length, increases, it is shown that the turbines may be designed or operated to achieve higher thrust levels than if the turbines were not deployed in a fence configuration.

     

通过多转子防护装置提高潮汐水轮机性能的策略（英文）

Constructive interference between tidal stream turbines in multi-rotor fence configurations arrayed normally to the flow has been shown analytically, computationally, and experimentally to enhance turbine performance. The increased resistance to bypass flow due to the presence of neighbouring turbines allows a static pressure difference to develop in the channel and entrains a greater flow rate through the rotor swept area. Exploiting the potential improvement in turbine performance requires that turbines either be operated at higher tip speed ratios or that turbines are redesigned in order to increase thrust. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-scale flow dynamics, in which a distinction is made between device-scale and fence-scale flow events, have an important role in the physics of flow past tidal turbine fences partially spanning larger channels. Although the reduction in flow rate through the fence as the turbine thrust level increases has been previously demonstrated, the within-fence variation in turbine performance, and the consequences for overall farm performance, is less well understood. The impact of turbine design and operating conditions, on the performance of a multi-rotor tidal fence is investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes embedded blade element actuator disk simulations. Fences consisting of four, six, and eight turbines are simulated, and it is demonstrated that the combination of device-and fence-scale flow effects gives rise to cross-fence thrust and power variation. These cross-fence variations are also a function of turbine thrust, and hence design conditions,although it is shown simple turbine control strategies can be adopted in order to reduce the cross-fence variations and improve overall fence performance. As the number of turbines in the fence, and hence fence length, increases, it is shown that the turbines may be designed or operated to achieve higher thrust levels than if the turbines were not deployed in a fence configuration.