电动汽车机电复合制动力分配策略

对某电动汽车机电复合制动系统进行了研究,制定了电动汽车机电复合制动系统的结构方案。依据ECE-R13法规与最大电机制动力限制,确定机电解耦门限值,对小强度制动、中强度制动及紧急制动3种不同工况分别制定了不同的再生制动与液压制动控制策略,并进行仿真与试验验证。结果表明,在小强度制动时电机可满足驾驶员的需求制动力,并且能量回收率能够达到25%;在中强度制动时电机以最大制动力进行制动并且在最大回收能量的同时能够使该系统满足制动性能,能量回收率能够达到74%;在紧急制动时为了制动安全应迅速将电机制动力撤出。该复合制动系统能够有效地吸收再生制动能量,同时也能满足车辆的制动性能。     

电动汽车制动能量回收控制策略研究

分析电动汽车制动能量回收的制约因素,综合汽车制动动力前、后轮制动力分配,电机制动与机械制动并行控制和电池耐受性分析,提出了制动能量回收的联合控制策略.基于Simulink和Cruise软件平台进行了系统建模和联合仿真.结果表明该联合控制策略能够实现法规制动条件下的制动能量回收,回收率达13.7％,提高续驶里程16.4％.     

纯电动汽车制动能量回收评价方法研究

本文旨在研究纯电动汽车制动能量回收的评价方法。从制动能量回收的机理入手,分析了制动能量回收系统的制动力分配和整车能量流;引入新的制动器效能因数和电机制动力分配系数的概念,推导出制动轮缸压力与制动能量之间的关系;提出了评价制动能量回收效果的3个评价指标,分别为制动能量回收率、节能贡献度和续驶里程贡献度;并进行了仿真和实车试验。结果表明,制动能量回收率可反映制动能量回收系统的节能潜力,节能贡献度能反映制动能量回收系统对整车节能的贡献度,评价指标稳定、合理。     

CVT混合动力汽车再生制动控制策略与仿真分析

分析了混合动力汽车制动过程中发动机反拖制动和CVT速比控制对车辆再生制动性能的影响,提出了低制动强度下仅由电机再生制动、高制动强度下电机与制动器共同制动和紧急制动时发动机参与制动的再生制动策略。对典型工况进行了再生制动仿真,仿真结果表明,CVT速比控制可使电机运行在高效区,从而获得了比传统手动变速混合动力汽车更好的制动能量回收效果。     

双电机驱动电动汽车再生制动控制研究

为提高纯电动汽车再生制动过程中的能量回收率,文章以某一前、后双电机驱动的纯电动汽车为对象,针对纯电动汽车再生制动过程中机械制动力与电机制动力的分配进行研究,合理的分配前、后轴上机械制动力与电机制动力各自的比例,并引入相关影响因子对电机制动力进行修正,制定了经济性控制策略,最后用Simulink和Cruise软件进行联合仿真。结果表明,采用经济性控制策略能够提高制动能量回收率,且在车速波动更为频繁的城市工况下更有利于电动汽车回收制动能量。     

基于模糊控制的电动轮汽车再生制动能量回收研究

为提高电动轮汽车制动过程中再生制动能量的回收率以达到节约能源的目的,提出了一套适用于电动轮汽车的全新构型机电复合再生制动系统及控制策略。在该控制策略中,考虑到电池SOC值和制动强度对电机再生制动力矩的影响,设计了双输入单输出的模糊控制器,并在AMESim软件平台中搭建了15自由度的电动轮汽车的整车仿真模型和再生制动系统与液压制动系统的仿真模型,在不同的制动强度下采用UDDS循环进行AMESim-Simulink联合仿真。结果表明,所制定的控制策略能满足要求,在保证制动效能的前提下实现再生制动能量的有效回收。     

汽车制动能量回收系统介绍

正一、原理制动能量回收是混合动力汽车与纯电动汽车重要技术之一,也是它们的重要特点。当内燃机汽车在减速、制动时,车辆的运动能量通过制动系统转变为热能,并向大气中释放。而在混合动力汽车与纯电动汽车上,这种被浪费掉的运动能量可通过制动能量回收技术转变为电能并储存于车辆蓄电池中,并进一步转化为驱动能量。例如,当车辆起步或加速时,需要增大驱动力时,电机驱动力成为发动机的辅助动力,使电能获得有效应用。     

纯电动汽车机电复合制动控制措施

电动汽车能够有效利用可再生能源,具有清洁无污染特点,但受制于动力电池技术影响,存在续驶里程有限等缺陷。为保证纯电动汽车制动安全,提高制动能量回收利用率,对纯电动汽车机电复合制动系统组成及控制原理、模糊控制电机制动力分配、前后轴制动力分配的动力分配方式等方面进行讨论,并提出纯电动汽车机电复合制动能量回收控制措施。     

基于最优控制理论的制动能量回收策略研究

以混合动力电动汽车为研究对象,以驾驶员的制动意图和制动能量回收率为设计指标,基于最优控制理论设计了一套有效的制动力分配模型。仿真结果表明,该控制方法能够显著提高汽车制动时的响应速度,大约在0.5 s以内就能实现制动意图,并且能够提高制动能量回收率10%左右。     

一种并联式混合动力客车动力系统选型及匹配设计

引言 并联式混合动力电动汽车设计的关键是进行动力系统的选型和匹配.本文所述的并联式混合动力汽车采用发动机作为主要动力源,使用超级电容作为储能单元,借助计算机模拟分析的方法对并联式混合动力汽车发动机、动力传动系统、驱动电机、超级电容组、整车动力系统的布置、机电耦合方式、制动能量回收利用进行了研究,探讨了并联式混合动力客车的一般设计方法.     

基于电机最优回馈转矩曲线的制动控制策略

本文中首先基于电机等效电路模型,分析了车用内置式永磁同步电机的耗能制动状态和回馈制动状态;然后根据电机矢量控制原理,对控制电流指令进行解析,并经试验数据的验证;接着计算得到永磁同步电机最优回馈转矩曲线,并据此提出一种制动回馈能量最优的串联制动控制策略。最后针对某P4并联混合动力商用车,仿真分析了在C?WTVC、CHTC?TT循环工况和试验采集到的某段省道工况下,并联制动和所提出的串联最优制动控制策略下的百公里油耗和制动回收能量。结果表明,与并联制动控制相比,基于电机最优回馈转矩曲线的串联制动控制策略可降低油耗,并回收更多的制动能量,实现制动回收能量和燃油经济性的提升。     

混合动力电动汽车制动系统回馈特性仿真

为了研究混合动力电动汽车(HEV)回馈制动特性,建立了用于城市公交的混合动力电动汽车复合制动系统的仿真模型,提出了回馈制动控制策略,分析了复合制动系统的工作过程,并探讨影响电动汽车制动系统可靠、安全和高效的主要因素,研究电动汽车复合制动系统优化途径。研究结果表明:回馈制动最低车速限值越小,制动能量回收率越大;从回收电动汽车能量角度分析,回馈制动比例应有一个有效范围值;在各种循环工况下,具有回馈制动功能时混合动力电动汽车城市客车单位里程的能量消耗可降低10%~25%。     

Improvement of drivability and fuel economy with a hybrid antiskid braking system in hybrid electric vehicles

When braking on wet roads, Antilock Braking System (ABS) control can be triggered because the available brake torque is not sufficient. When the ABS system is active, for a hybrid electric vehicle, the regenerative brake is switched off to safeguard the normal ABS function. When the ABS control is terminated, it would be favorable to reactivate the regenerative brake. However, recurring cycles from ABS to motor regenerative braking could occur. This condition is felt to be unpleasant by the driver and has adverse effects on driving stability. In this paper, a novel hybrid antiskid braking system using fuzzy logic is proposed for a hybrid electric vehicle that has a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor and a separate hydraulic braking system. This control strategy and the method for coordination between regenerative and hydraulic braking are developed. The motor regenerative braking controller is designed. Control of regenerative and hydraulic braking force distribution is investigated. The simulation and experimental results show that vehicle braking performance and fuel economy can be improved and the proposed control strategy and method are effective and robust.     

一种电动汽车制动能量回收系统研究

文章以某款纯电动车制动能量回收系统为研究对象,首先,设计一种电液助力系统,阐述其结构方案和工作原理,接着基于该电液助力系统开展纯电动车串行制动能量回收系统设计研究,包括结构方案、控制方案、电气方案;实现在某款纯电动车产品上的搭载应用开发,结果表明,基于该电液助力系统的纯电动车能量回收系统,实现车辆在制动或减速阶段,机械-液压制动力与电机回馈制动力实时协调,最大限度地回收制动能量,并且获得较好的制动稳定性和“踏板感”,单个ECE循环工况经济性贡献率最高达28.9%。     

An integrated control strategy for the composite braking system of an electric vehicle with independently driven axles

For an electric vehicle with independently driven axles, an integrated braking control strategy was proposed to coordinate the regenerative braking and the hydraulic braking. The integrated strategy includes three modes, namely the hybrid composite mode, the parallel composite mode and the pure hydraulic mode. For the hybrid composite mode and the parallel composite mode, the coefficients of distributing the braking force between the hydraulic braking and the two motors' regenerative braking were optimised offline, and the response surfaces related to the driving state parameters were established. Meanwhile, the six-sigma method was applied to deal with the uncertainty problems for reliability. Additionally, the pure hydraulic mode is activated to ensure the braking safety and stability when the predictive failure of the response surfaces occurs. Experimental results under given braking conditions showed that the braking requirements could be well met with high braking stability and energy regeneration rate, and the reliability of the braking strategy was guaranteed on general braking conditions.     

Effect of regenerative braking energy on battery current balance in a parallel hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle under FTP-75 driving mode

In recent years, a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has been considered a successful technology. Especially, in case of a full HEV, the motor can drive the vehicle by itself at low velocity or assist the engine at high load. To improve the hybrid electric vehicle’s efficiency, a regenerative braking system is also applied to recover from kinetic energy. In this study, an experimental control apparatus was set up with a parallel hybrid electric vehicle mounted on a chassis dynamometer to measure ECU (engine control unit) and MCU (motor control unit) signals, including the current and state of charge in the battery. In order to analyze regenerative braking characteristics, user define braking driving cycle was introduced and carried out using different initial velocities and braking times. The FTP 75 driving cycle was then adapted under different initial SOC (state of charge) levels. The experiment data was analyzed in accordance with the vehicle velocity, battery current, instant SOC level, motor RPM, engine RPM, and then vehicle driving mode was decided. In case of braking driving cycle, it was observed that SOC were increased up to 1.5 % when the braking time and the velocidy were 6 second and 60 km/h, respectively. In addition, using the FTP 75 driving cycle, mode 1 was most frequently operated at SOC 65 conditions in phase 1. In phase 2, due to frequent stop-go hills, percentage of mode 1 was increase by 22 %. Eventually, despite of identity, it was shown that the characteristics of phase 3 differed from phase 1 due to the evanishment of the effects of initial SOCs.     

直流无刷电机再生制动系统试验台的设计与验证

基于再生制动理论,以电动汽车用轮毂电机为主体,搭建了直流无刷电机再生制动试验台。以回收能量最大化为目标,提出了相应的再生制动控制策略。结合电机的输出特性和工作原理,利用SIMULINK软件建立了再生制动系统模型。通过模型仿真和试验台试验结果的对比分析,验证了再生制动试验台设计方案的可行性和控制策略的合理性。     

电动汽车再生制动控制算法研究

以"在满足车辆制动性能要求、保证车辆制动稳定性的前提下,最大限度地回收再生制动能量"为原则,对电动汽车再生制动力与制动器制动力的分配算法进行研究,得到车辆制动时制动力的控制算法,最后以某电动车辆为例进行仿真分析。制动力分配算法对车辆再生制动和机械制动的分配规律的制定具有较好的参考作用。     

Combined control of a regenerative braking and antilock braking system for hybrid electric vehicles

Most parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) employ both a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system to provide enhanced braking performance and energy regeneration. A new design of a combined braking control strategy (CBCS) is presented in this paper. The design is based on a new method of HEV braking torque distribution that makes the hydraulic braking system work together with the regenerative braking system. The control system meets the requirements of a vehicle longitudinal braking performance and gets more regenerative energy charge back to the battery. In the described system, a logic threshold control strategy (LTCS) is developed to adjust the hydraulic braking torque dynamically, and a fuzzy logic control strategy (FCS) is applied to adjust the regenerative braking torque dynamically. With the control strategy, the hydraulic braking system and the regenerative braking system work synchronously to assure high regenerative efficiency and good braking performance, even on roads with a low adhesion coefficient when emergency braking is required. The proposed braking control strategy is steady and effective, as demonstrated by the experiment and the simulation.