深水二维对称式布置两成分锚泊线时域动力分析

深水作业海上浮式结构物的锚泊定位系统由锚链或锚索等成分进行约束,由于锚泊线的几何非线性,外界环境作用力的非线性和系泊浮体的运动的非线性给锚泊系统的回复力和位移的计算分析带来困难。此外,多种材料成分组成的多成分锚泊线的使用在推动了锚泊系统的深水应用和发展的同时也给锚泊系统的设计带来困难。本文采用设计波理论结合有限元方法进行两成分锚泊线的动力分析,考虑导缆孔处系泊结构物运动的影响。并将结果与单一成分锚泊线计算结果作比较分析,得到有益结论。     

Non-linear dynamic analysis of the response of moored floating structures

The complexity of the dynamic response of offshore marine structures requires advanced simulations tools for the accurate assessment of the seakeeping behaviour of these devices. The aim of this work is to present a new time-domain model for solving the dynamics of moored floating marine devices, specifically offshore wind turbines, subjected to non-linear environmental loads. The paper first introduces the formulation of the second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver, designed for calculating the wave-floater interaction. Then, the solver of the mooring dynamics, based on a non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) approach, is presented. Next, the procedure developed for coupling the floater dynamics model with the mooring model is described. Some validation examples of the developed models, and comparisons among different mooring approaches, are presented. Finally, a study of the OC3 floating wind turbine concept is performed to analyze the influence of the mooring model in the dynamics of the platform and the tension in the mooring lines. The work comes to the conclusion that the coupling of a dynamic mooring model along with a second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver can offer realistic predictions of the floating wind turbine performance.     

深水半潜式平台运动响应及截面波浪载荷模型实验研究

半潜平台在恶劣的海洋环境中将承受极端的环境载荷,从而导致相应的大幅运动,截面载荷以及系泊力。文章对一艘系泊在南海的典型半潜平台进行了综合试验研究。为了测量中纵剖面上的波浪载荷,半潜平台模型从中纵剖面处被剖开,并用3个六分力传感器进行连接。结果表明,当波浪周期在10 s附近时,中纵剖面处的截面传递函数达到最大值。而低频长波以及差频波浪成分对剖面载荷影响很小。文中还分别针对仅有波浪作用的海况和风、浪、流联合作用的海况,对半潜平台的运动和载荷情况进行了研究,发现风和流对平台波频运动影响较小,而对于低频运动,其影响要大于波浪作用。随着风和流的出现,中纵剖面的剪切力,分离力以及垂向弯矩增幅分别可达127.07%,51.87%和45.77%。与此同时,在风、浪、流的联合作用下,最大锚链力与锚链的破断强度比值达到了62.3%,接近规范中66.6%的限制。     

系泊系统的时域仿真及其非线性动力学特性分析

应用时域仿真的方法研究了系泊系统的非线性动力学特性。以三阶操纵运动方程为基础,引入定常的风力、潮流作用力和二阶波浪力,建立了系泊系统三自由度的运动微分方程。在此数学模型的基础上,建立了系泊系统的多自由度的计算机仿真模型。在风浪流联合作用的情形下,对一艘单点系泊油轮的动力学行为进行了仿真研究。以潮流速度和系缆程度为分岔控制参数,在参数平面上给出了局部分岔集。研究表明,系泊系统的动力学行为具有强烈的非线性特征。在仿真过程中观察到了吸引子的共存和Hopf分岔。局部分岔集将参数平面分为3个系统动力学行为本质不同的区域。极值系泊力水平与系泊系统的动力学行为有着密切的关系。对于单点系泊船舶而言,顶风顶浪顶流的状态并不一定是最为危险的工况。局部分岔集的确定为系泊系统参数的选择提供了决策依据。     

系泊船舶动力学特性的计算机仿真研究

以三阶操纵运动方程为基础，引入定常的风力、潮流作用力和二阶波浪力，建立了系泊系统三自由度的运动微分方程。在此数学模型的基础上．建立了系泊系统的多自由度的计算机仿真模型。在潮流作用、潮流和风作用以及风浪流联合作用等三种情形下，对系泊船舶的动力学响应分别进行了仿真研究。研究表明，系泊系统的动力学行为具有强烈的非线性特征。对于单点系泊船舶而言，在定常的风浪流作用下．顶风顶浪顶流状态并不一定是最为危险的工况。     

码头系泊缆绳张力的计算

系泊船舶用根缆绳系泊在码头上，缆绳张力的模型实验研究和理论计算对于缆绳的选娶，系泊设备的设计，系泊方式及预紧力的确定，以及船级社规范的制订都有着重要的指导意义。国内对码头系泊的研究相对较少，且主要依赖于模型实验，本文对系泊船舶缆绳张力的计算建立了数学模型。用蒙特卡洛算法对系泊非线性方程组进行了求解，并编制了计算程序，与实验结果相比，有较好的一致性，用此数学模型的方法求解船舶在风、浪、流联合作用下缆绳的静张力是可行的。     

Experimental uncertainty of a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal in a port

This paper presents the uncertainty modelling of experimental results for a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal inside a port. The physical model was built for an oil terminal at the port of Leixões in Portugal. The model incorporates the new modified port layout, as well as a future 300 m extension of the port outer north breakwater to enhance operational conditions. The physical model tests were performed on a scale of 1:80 in the Portuguese Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC). A generic mooring system of four mooring lines and two fenders is simulated using a nonlinear spring system. Decay tests are carried out to evaluate the natural periods of the moored model. Then, tests are carried out for the moored model in waves. The major aim of the experimental study is to obtain novel results for the wave elevation and direction at various locations inside the port, the ship motions at six degrees of freedom, and loads on mooring lines and fenders including the modified port layout. As the physical model measurements are subjected to different types of uncertainties, a systematic uncertainty analysis is carried out here, following ITTC guidelines and recommendations, to quantify all possible sources of uncertainties. The results are discussed, and several conclusions are reached. Based on the experimental results, the presented physical model study may replicate the results for waves and motions with uncertainties less than 9% of the significant amplitudes. The assessment of the applied nonlinear spring model reveals load predictions on the moorings, with uncertainties less than 4% of the maximum mooring loads.     

船行波对双船系靠LNG泊位系泊稳定性的影响

双船系靠LNG泊位对系泊稳定性要求高,而目前尚无船行波对双船系靠泊稳定性影响的定量分析方法。结合工程实例,以Flory-Remery单船系泊船行波荷载计算方法为基础,结合双船系靠泊位的特点予以修正,利用数值分析软件定量分析船行波过程对双船系靠泊位系泊稳定性的动态影响。结果表明,典型系泊条件下,双船系靠泊位系泊倒缆受力及纵移运动量受船行波影响最大,当船行波与系泊船间距50 m时系泊稳定性不满足要求;当船行波与系泊船间距100 m时系泊稳定性满足要求;当船行波与系泊船间距150 m时系泊稳定性基本不受船行波影响。     

Dynamic analysis of a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with shared moorings in extreme environmental conditions

The concept of a shared mooring system was proposed to reduce mooring and anchoring costs. Shared moorings also add complexity to the floating offshore wind farm system and pose design challenges. To understand the system dynamics, this paper presents a dynamic analysis for a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with a shared mooring system in extreme environmental conditions. First, a numerical model of the floating offshore wind farm was established in a commercial simulation tool. Then, time-domain simulations were performed for the parked wind farm under extreme wind and wave conditions. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the influence of loading directions and shared line mooring properties. To highlight the influence of the shared line, the results were compared to those of a single spar floating wind turbine, and larger platform motions and higher tension loads in single lines are observed for the wind farm with shared moorings. The loading direction affects the platform motions and mooring response of the floating offshore wind farm. Comparing the investigated loading directions to the 0-deg loading direction, the variation of mean mooring tension at the fairlead is up to 84% for single lines and 16% for the shared line. The influence of the shared line properties in the platform motions and the structural responses is limited. These findings improve understanding of the dynamic characteristics of floating offshore wind farms with a shared mooring system.     

巨型船舶大风浪中系泊模型试验研究

通过对一艘17．5万吨散货船的大风浪系泊模型试验，得出了在吹岸风和吹开风状态下，护舷和缆绳的受力随风浪流及风向角变化的一般规律以及不同吃水对船舶受力、系泊缆绳和护舷受力的影响，对巨型船舶的大风浪系泊有重要的参考价值。     

Validation of a dynamic mooring model coupled with a RANS solver

Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures.     

海洋平台设计中的风浪参数选取标准

以我国渤海某区1970年至1993年风暴过程的后报资料为基础,提出了泊松二维冈贝尔逻辑分布,并将其用于风暴过程中伴生的风速与波高的联合概率计算,给出了美国石油协会(API)行业标准有关环境条件三种设计标准的具体做法.基于新的统计模式,同时提出了联合概率法设计标准.比较了多种标准所得设计参数的差异,给出了适合工程所在海区的环境荷载参数.计算结果表明,新的统计模式适用于遭受风暴影响的海洋工程结构设计,特别是边际油田的开发建设.     

大型液化天然气码头的系缆力分析

大型专业化液化天然气码头系泊作业安全问题，特别是液化天然气船在风、浪、流作用下的系缆力分析，越来越受到、码头建设和管理方的关注。结合某工程实例，应用国际上著名的系缆力分析软件OPTIMOOR，计算船舶风荷载、水流力及波浪引发的船舶运动量，对风、浪、流综合作用下船舶的系缆力进行分析，并对比不同泊位长度对系缆力的影响。     

系泊油轮与海上平台的碰撞力分析

考虑风、浪、流的联合作用以及平台护舷非线性恢复刚度,研究船舶系泊状态与平台的撞击力及其分布规律。针对不同的风、浪、流的作用方向以及不同的风速、波高及流速,计算波浪和海流的载荷,建立系泊船舶的分析模型,采用频域与时域分析方法,进行系泊船舶运动及其与平台之间碰撞力的仿真,得到系泊船舶与平台的碰撞力时间历程,并分析不同碰撞力发生的概率,确定发生最大碰撞力的风、浪、流方向,比较常量护舷刚度与非线性护舷刚度的计算结果。结果表明,橡胶护舷刚度的选取对于碰撞力的计算结果影响显著,选取非线性护舷刚度计算靠泊碰撞力十分必要,用目前的经验公式计算得到的碰撞力偏差较大。     

半潜型浮式风机运动特征及系泊系统的研究

近年来海上浮式风机的研究备受关注,安全可靠的系泊系统将保证风机在风、浪、流等复杂环境荷载作用下稳定运行,准确合理地描述风机运动将为评估风机发电效率提供支持。以半潜型浮式风机的系泊系统为研究对象,基于经典悬链线理论,采用准静态分析法提出一套系泊系统的设计方法。通过坐标变换,得到风轮真实的俯仰运动用于计算风机的动力效应及评定其发电效率。采用动力法分析了系泊系统锚链的导缆孔位置、预张力大小、锚链间夹角等参数对风机系统发电效率、浮式平台运动性能和系泊锚链张力的影响,得到了浮式平台迎风面俯仰倾角、水平偏移及锚链张力随参数的变化规律,为半潜型浮式风机系泊系统的设计提供了参考。     

码头双船系泊模型试验研究

通过对一艘17.5万吨散货船和一艘11万吨油轮并排系泊的模型试验,得到其在吹岸风和吹开风状态下,缆绳和防护垫的受力随风浪流及风向角变化的一般规律,对码头双船系泊有重要参考意义.     

30 000 DWG散货船码头系泊模型试验研究

对30 000 DWG散货船在开场水域码头系泊开展了模型试验研究。在风浪流组合工况中,对不同系泊方式的系缆张力和船舶运动进行了分析。分析结果表明,流向和缆绳长度对系缆张力有显著影响。试验结果可为类似船舶码头安全系泊提供重要技术参考。     

深水钻井隔水管耦合系统分析(英文)

对于深水系泊钻井系统而言,移动式海洋钻井装置与细长结构(系缆、钻井隔水管)之间的耦合效应在预测浮体运动及钻井隔水管响应时起决定性作用.文中建立了深水系泊钻井系统的全耦合有限元模型,考虑波频与低频环境载荷,对系统进行了非线性时域分析.分析表明,由低频浮体运动激励的低频隔水管动态响应可对深水钻井隔水管设计产生重要影响.常规方法将低频浮体运动作为准静态效应考虑,对于连接在锚泊钻井装置上的深水钻井隔水管而言是不精确的.     

LNG旁靠FSRU码头系泊的水动力性能试验研究

本文对码头系泊的FSRU和LNG船的水动力性能进行了研究,分别对FSRU单船码头和FSRU-LNGC并排码头系泊进行了模型试验.码头与船和船与船之间均采用系泊缆和靠垫进行连接.试验中考虑了风、流、浪等环境因素对码头系泊系统的影响.在风浪流模型试验中,分别测量了不同海况下系泊系统的动态响应,其中包括FSRU和LNG船的六自由度运动响应、系泊缆张力和靠垫接触力.相比较其它浪向,横浪(90°)引起的船舶运动更大,进而导致系泊缆和靠垫的受力增大.结果还表明,FSRU单船码头系泊在所有海况下安全性较好,但对于LNG船旁靠FSRU码头系泊系统,其对环境的响应非常敏感,尤其是横浪环境.     

Model test investigation of a spar floating wind turbine

Several floating wind turbine designs whose hull designs reflect those used in offshore petroleum industry have emerged as leading candidates for the future development of offshore wind farms. This article presents the research findings from a model basin test program that investigated the dynamic response of a 1:50 scale model OC3 spar floating wind turbine concept designed for a water depth of 200 m. In this study the rotor was allowed to rotate freely with the wind speed and this approach eliminated some of the undesirable effects of controlling wind turbine rotational speed that were observed in earlier studies. The quality of the wind field developed by an array of fans was investigated as to its uniformity and turbulence intensity. Additional calibration tests were performed to characterize various components that included establishing the baseline wind turbine tower frequencies, stiffness of the delta type mooring system and free decay response behaviour. The assembled system was then studied under a sequence of wind and irregular wave scenarios to reveal the nature of the coupled response behaviour. The wind loads were found to have an obvious influence on the surge, heave and pitch behaviour of the spar wind turbine system. It was observed from the experimental measurements that bending moment at the top of the support tower is dominated by the 1P oscillation component and somewhat influenced by the incoming wave. Further it was determined that the axial rotor thrust and tower-top shear force have similar dynamic characteristics both dominated by tower’s first mode of vibration under wind-only condition while dominated by the incident wave field when experiencing wind-wave loading. The tensions measured in the mooring lines resulting from either wave or wind-wave excitations were influenced by the surge/pitch and heave couplings and the wind loads were found to have a clear influence on the dynamic responses of the mooring system.