电刺激大鼠间脑A_(11)区及其邻近结构对背角WDR神经元的影响

用玻璃微电极细胞外记录方法，观察了电刺激大鼠间脑A11区及其邻近结构对同侧背角WDR神经元伤害性C-反应的影响。发现电刺激A11区对大多数WDR神经元的C-反应具有显著的抑制作用，而电刺激A11邻近结构对大多数WDR神经元的C-反应基本没有影响。本文在国内首次证实，电刺激间脑A11区对背角WDR神经元的伤害性C-反应具有抑制作用。     

电刺激大鼠间脑A_(11)区及其邻近结构对背角WDR神经元的影响

用玻璃微电极细胞外记录方法，观察了电刺激大鼠间脑A11区及其邻近结构对同侧背角WDR神经元伤害性C-反应的影响。发现电刺激A11区对大多数WDR神经元的C-反应具有显著的抑制作用，而电刺激A11邻近结构对大多数WDR神经元的C-反应基本没有影响。本文在国内首次证实，电刺激间脑A11区对背角WDR神经元的伤害性C-反应具有抑制作用。     

多巴胺抑制大鼠背角伤害性神经元初步观察

本实验用玻璃微电极细胞外记录方法,观察了脊髓局部应用DA对清醒大鼠背角伤害性神经元电活动的影响。发现DA对背角伤害性神经元的自发放电和RHS、TES诱发反应均有抑制作用;DA对TES诱发反应的抑制主要表现为后串放电脉冲数的减少,但在有些神经元还伴有后串放电的潜伏期延长、时程缩短或频率下降;DA的作用可被静脉注射DA能受体拮抗剂氟哌啶所翻转。本文在国内首次证实,DA对大鼠背角伤害性神经元具有抑制作用。     

中缝大核在肌梭传入镇痛中的作用

目的　观察中缝大核在肌梭传入镇痛中的作用。方法　用微电极细胞外记录技术 ,以大鼠脊髓背角 WDR神经元伤害性诱发反应为痛反应指标 ,观察了损毁中缝大核 (NRM)前后静脉注射琥珀胆碱 (SCH)诱发的肌梭传入活动对脊髓背角 WDR神经元伤害性诱发反应的影响。结果　在 34个 WDR神经元中 ,有 2 7个单位的晚串放电被静注 SCH诱发的肌梭传入所抑制 (占76.67% ) ,5个单位表现为兴奋 ,2个单位无反应 ,对有抑制作用的 1 9个单位进一步观察发现 ,损毁中缝大核后 ,静注 SCH诱发的肌梭传入对 WDR神经元伤害性诱发反应的抑制作用明显减弱 ,抑制率由损毁前的 31 .92 %降至 2 3.44%。结论　提示中缝大核在肌梭传入的镇痛中起着一定的作用     

CaMKⅡ在8-Br-cAMP诱发的脊髓背角LTP中的作用

目的　探讨钙钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)在8 Br cAMP诱发的脊髓背角长时程增强(LTP)中的作用。方法　采用SD 大鼠, 常规细胞外记录技术记录脊髓背角腰膨大部位浅层C 纤维诱发电位。结果　①8 Br cAMP(1 mmol/L)诱发的脊髓背角LTP咬合(occlude)强直刺激诱导的LTP;②CaMKⅡ选择性抑制剂KN 93 (100μmol/L)或AIP(200μmol/L)阻断8 Br cAMP诱导的脊髓背角LTP;③蛋白质合成抑制剂茴香霉素(200μmol/L)抑制8 Br cAMP诱发的脊髓LTP。结论　CaMKⅡ参与8 Br cAMP诱导的脊髓背角C 纤维诱发的LTP;8 Br cAMP诱导的LTP与强直电刺激诱导的LTP在机制上至少存在部分相同的步骤或途径。     

8-Br-cAMP对脊髓背角C-纤维诱发电位LTP的影响

目的　探讨cAMP类似物8- Br- cAMP对脊髓长时程增强(LTP)的诱导和维持的影响。方法　采用SD大鼠,常规细胞外记录技术记录脊髓背角腰膨大部位浅层C 纤维诱发电位。结果　①8- Br- cAMP(1 mmol/L)可诱发脊髓背角C 纤维诱发电位的LTP。②强直刺激坐骨神经可诱导脊髓 LTP。③8- Br- cAMP诱发的脊髓突触增强未能咬合强直刺激诱导的脊髓LTP。④强直刺激诱导的脊髓LTP后30 min,脊髓表面加入 8 -Br- cAMP(1 mmol/L)可使 C 纤维诱发电位显著增大。结论　强直电刺激诱导的 LTP与 8 -Br- cAMP诱导的 LTP可能是通过不同的机制实现的;8- Br- cAMP诱导的LTP可能是通过cAMP信号转导途径起作用。     

顶盖前区前核在肌梭传入镇痛中的作用

目的　分析顶盖前区前核 (APtN)在肌梭传入镇痛中的作用。方法　采用微电极细胞外记录技术 ,以大鼠脊髓背角广动力型 (WDR)神经元伤害性诱发反应 (C 反应 )为痛反应指标 ,观察了损毁APtN前后静脉注射琥珀胆碱 (SCh)诱发的肌梭传入活动对脊髓背角WDR神经元C 反应的影响。结果　静脉注射SCh可兴奋大多数APtN神经元 ,而对WDR神经元C 反应呈明显的抑制作用 ;损毁双侧APtN后 ,静脉注射SCh对WDR神经元C 反应的抑制作用明显减弱 ,抑制率由损毁前的 41 .2 6%降至 1 9.99%。结论　APtN在肌梭传入镇痛中起重要作用     

肌梭传入对脊髓背角会聚神经元伤害性诱发反应的影响

本文用细胞外微电极记录技术,以大鼠脊髓背角WDR神经元伤害性诱发反应为痛反应的指标,观察了牵拉腓肠肌诱发的肌梭传入活动对脊髓背角WDR神经元伤害性反应的影响。结果如下:在观察到的80个WDR神经元中,有51个单位的晚串放电被牵拉诱发的肌梭传入活动所抑制,16个单位无反应,13个单位表现为兴奋。对有抑制作用的51个单位的进一步观察发现,瞬时牵拉的抑制作用强于持续牵拉,双侧牵拉的抑制作用强于单侧牵拉。提示肌梭作为肌肉丰厚处穴位的主要针感感受器,其传入活动具有镇痛作用。     

腹外侧眶皮层内给予吗啡对福尔马林试验诱发脊髓背角c-fos表达的抑制效应

目的　研究前额叶腹外侧眶皮层 (VLO)内微量注射吗啡对大鼠福尔马林试验诱发的腰段脊髓背角c fos蛋白表达的抑制作用。方法　用免疫组化的方法观察c fos样免疫反应神经元在脊髓背角的表达。结果　VLO内微量注射吗啡明显抑制大鼠后爪注射福尔马林诱发的脊髓背角c fos蛋白表达 ,c fos阳性神经元数为 1 8.5 0± 0 .2 6,与注射生理盐水 5 8.2 5± 0 .98相比 ,差异显著(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,并且这种抑制效应可被VLO内注射阿片受体拮抗剂纳络酮所翻转 ,其c fos阳性神经元数为 5 6.32± 2 .2 8,与单独注射吗啡相比差异显著 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,但与注射生理盐水相比 ,无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　阿片肽及其受体可能参与VLO介导的下行抗伤害感受效应     

刺激PAG对脊髓背角神经元的抑制及其与PAG—CDP的关系

电刺激PAG腹外侧,可在腰骶髓引导出PAG—CDP。用相同参数刺激PAG,可使脊髓背角会聚神经元(n=31)放电抑制。放电完全停止所持续的时间与CDP慢波时程相当,呈有意义的正相关,抑制潜伏期与慢波潜伏期也呈有意义的正相关。当PAG刺激不足以引起CDP慢波或刚刚引起CDP慢波时,对会聚神经元也无抑制。结果提示:电刺激PAG所引起的脊髓背角会聚神经元C放电的抑制有突触前抑制成份参与。     

Apoptosis of lumbar spinal cord neurons in cauda equina syndrome rats

Objective To explore the law of apoptosis of lumbar spinal cord neurons in cauda equina syndrome (CES). Methods Cauda equina of rats was compressed by a piece of silica gel stick. From day 1 to day 28, the lumbar spinal cord specimens were harvested and assessed by Nissl's staining and TUNEL staining. Results Compression of cauda equina caused lesion and apoptosis of neurons in lumbar spinal cord, and the extent of apoptosis reached the peak on 7th day after compression. Conclusion Apoptosis of neurons in lumbar spinal cord might be one of the reasons why patients with CES get poor prognosis.     

神经干细胞经脑室移植后在损伤脊髓的早期动态分布

目的观察神经干细胞经脑室移植后在损伤脊髓的早期动态分布。方法取转录有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的孕16 d SD鼠胚脑海马组织,培养成神经干细胞球,注射到脊髓损伤鼠第四脑室,通过免疫染色和电镜,观察其在脊髓的存活、分化状况。结果移植细胞在脊髓表面形成细胞团,大多分布于损伤区头侧的腹、背侧两面。细胞团面积背侧小于腹侧;数目背侧多于腹侧,并于术后5 d达到高峰。这种分布和增殖形式见于损伤脊髓正常部分和无损伤脊髓(对照组)。1周时细胞侵入损伤区,分化并表达神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)。2~3周时与宿主细胞良好融合。结论通过脑脊液移植细胞对于损伤性脊髓进行干细胞移植是一种实用、有效的方法。     

亚硒酸钠对离体蟾蜍脊髓背根电位的影响

本文观察亚硒竣钠对离体蟾蜍脊髓背根电位的作用。结果表明:亚硒酸钠对背根电位(DR-DRP、VR-DRP)的幅度呈现先增高后降低的双相效应。用蔗糖间隙法记录证明亚硒酸钠对背根有去极化作用。通过进一步的实验分析认为:亚硒酸钠所诱发的自发性背根电位是其对中间神经元活动影响的结果。并结合有关资料对亚硒酸钠的作用机制作了初步探讨。     

EFFECTS OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR ON ENDOTHELIN AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY IN RATS

Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ ,ｓｐｉｎａｌｃｏｒｄｉｎｊｕｒｙ (ＳＣＩ)ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｄａｎｇｅｒｏｕｓｆａｃｔｏｒｆｏｒｔｈｅｈｅａｌｔｈ .ＢｕｔｎｅｒｖｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒｍａｙｂｅｔｈｅｈｏｐｅｏｆｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｆｏｒＳＣＩ .Ｗｅｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｔｈｅｃｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆｅｎ ｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ(ＥＴ)ｓｅｒｕｍｌｅｖｅｌａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｉｎｊｕｒｙｏｆｓｐｉｎａｌｃｏｒｄ ,ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｗｅｒｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｈｅｒｅｔｏｉｎｖｅｓｔｉ…     

Apoptosis of motor neurons in the spinal cord after ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia in rabbits

Objective To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia. Methods The infrarenal aorta of White New Zealand rabbits （n=24） was occluded for 26 minutes using two bulldog clamps. Rabbits were killed after 8, 24, 72, or 168 hours （n=6 per group）, respectively. The clamps was placed but never clamped in sham-operated rabbits （n=24）. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord （L5 to L7） was used for morphological studies, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic neurons in spinal cord were measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling of DNA fragments （TUNEL） staining. Results Delayed paraplegia occurred in all rabbits of ischemia reperfusion group at 16-24 hours, but not in sham groups. Motor neurons were selectively lost at 7 days after transient ischemia. After ischemia, the positive expression of bcl-2 protein were in the sham controls but decreased significantly as compared with that of the IR group （P〈0.01）, especially in 72 hours reperfusion. The positive expression of bax protein were also in the sham controls, but increased in the IR group, especially in 72 hours reperfusion; In addition, TUNEL study demonstrated that no cells were positively labeled until 24 hours after ischemia, but nuclei of some motor neurons were positively labeled at peak after ischemia reperfusion at 72 hours. Oenclusion Spinal cord ischemia in rabbits induces morphological and biochemical changes suggestive of apoptosis. These data raise the possibility that apoptosis contributes to neuronal cell death after spinal cord ischemia reperfnsion.     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

人、猫、狗、兔脊髓的面积和体积的比较

本文选用三条人的脊髓,九条猫的脊髓,三条狗的脊髓,四条免的脊髓进行了研究。1.人脊髓最长的脊髓节是第三胸脊髓节(Th3),猫是第十二胸脊髓节(Th12),狗是第四颈脊髓节,兔是第三腰脊髓节(L3)。在人和动物,一般来说脊髓胸段都比脊髓其它段长。人和狗的脊髓颈段比腰骶段(L-S)长。猫和兔的腰骶段比颈段长。2.灰质体积的比较是人、猫、狗、兔的腰膨大均比颈膨大的灰质体积大。人的胸段灰质体积最大。3.人的脊髓白质面积近颅则有明显的增大,兔的脊髓白质面积近颅侧没有明显的增大。4.一般来说,动物脊髓前角的体积都大于后角,但是人脊髓颈段和胸段前角的体积小于后角。动物脊髓中间带的体积比人的大。5.人脊髓白质后索的面积比前索面积大,但是兔脊髓白质后索的面积比前索面积小。我们发现人和猫的灰质向前移动是动物进化在脊髓的标志。可能在神经解剖和神经生理实验方面猫的脊髓是比较满意的实验对象。     

17例脊髓纵裂的CT结果分析

我院骨科自1978～1993年共收治先天性脊柱畸形427例,手术证实合并脊髓纵裂40例,其中17例术前经CT检查确诊。18个骨嵴中（1例为2个骨嵴）,16个为骨性嵴,2个分别为软骨性和纤维性嵴。CT特征:椎管中央的纵行骨嵴将脊髓或马尾分为两部分,多数骨嵴两侧蛛网膜下间隙及脊髓不均称;该部椎管扩大;椎体及附件结构紊乱。CT是一理想、可靠的诊断方法,不仅能准确诊断损害的平面,而且能显示椎管的自然状态和骨嵴的轮廓及种类。     

THE DIAGNOSIS OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR SPINAL CAVERNOUS ANGIOMAS

Ｓｐｉｎａｌｃａｖｅｒｎｏｕｓａｎｇｉｏｍａｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｄｅｆｏｒｍｉｔｙｏｆｓｐｉｎａｌｃｏｒｄ .Ｓｏｆａｒ ,ｉｔｉｓｕｓｕａｌｌｙｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅａｔｃａｐｉｌｌａｒｙｌｅｖｅｌ[1,2 ] .Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｅ ｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅｉｍａｇｉｎｇ (ＭＲＩ)ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ,ｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｃａｓｅｓｏｆｓｐｉｎａｌｃａｖｅｒｎｏｕｓａｎｇｉｏｍａｓｗｉｌｌｂｅｆｏｕｎｄ .Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｙ ,3ｃａｓｅｓ…