WELDOX960E高强钢手工电弧焊焊接接头组织与力学性能

通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度和金相组织分析等试验,对手工电弧焊焊接WELDOX960E高强钢焊接接头组织和力学性能进行研究.研究结果表明：采用Phoenix SH Ni2 K130焊条、手工电弧焊焊接WELDOX960E高强钢时,可以获得拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能良好的接头;其焊缝组织为针状铁素体与粒状贝氏体的混合分布;熔合区及粗晶区组织为板条马氏体和少量白色M-A块区;正火区组织为块状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和珠光体;母材显微组织为回火索氏体;WELDOX960E高强钢焊缝硬度为270 ～ 300 HV,且距离熔合线30 mm处出现软化区.     

合金钢轨闪光焊灰斑缺陷研究

对攀钢６０ｋｇ／ｍＵ７１Ｍｎ重轨闪光焊接头灰斑缺陷进行了宏观和微观断口分析，研究了工艺参数对灰斑的影响，提出了改善接头性能的措施。     

Improvements of elevated temperature strength and creep resistance of Mg-12Zn-4Al based alloy with calcium addition

A series of Mg-12Zn-4Al-0.3Mn (ZA124) based alloys with additions of calcium have been prepared and their microstructure and properties have been investigated. The results show that Mg-12Zn-4Al-0.3Mn alloy consists of the ??-Mg matrix and block quasicrystal and exhibits excellent creep resistance compared to commonly used AZ91 alloy. A small amount of calcium addition to the ZA124 based alloys increased the yield strenghth at both ambient and elevated temperatures as well as creep resistance, although the ductility decreased slightly. Microanalysis indicated that the addition of calcium decreased the quasicrystalline phase and caused the formation of some lamellar precipitates of Al₂Mg₅Zn₂ with orthorhombic crystal structure. This Ca-containing Al₂Mg₅Zn₂ phase with high stability straddled the grain boundaries and strengthened grain boundaries by inhibiting crack propagation during creep tests at elevated temperature.     

重载铁路75kg·m^-1钢轨铝热焊接头力学性能试验分析

某重载铁路线路采用铝热焊技术实现钢轨现场焊接,为分析评价铝热焊接头的力学性能,对现场取样的焊接钢轨进行一系列室内力学试验,试验结果表明：部分试样轨头受压静弯试验不满足荷载力要求,所有试样最大挠度均低于规范限值;部分试样疲劳加载次数未达到200万次要求的;所有试样的冲击吸收功远低于规范要求。该重载铁路75 kg·m^-1钢轨铝热焊接头的力学性能不满足规范要求,需要对焊剂、焊接设备以及焊接工艺进行改进,以满足重载铁路高强度钢轨对铝热焊接头力学性能的要求。     

BWELDY700QL4低合金高强钢焊接接头组织与力学性能

通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度试验以及金相分析等对BWELDY700QL4低合金高强钢焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:采用YM80-A焊丝焊接BWELDY700QL4低合金高强钢可以获得拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能均良好的焊接接头;其焊缝组织晶界为先共析铁素体、平行排列的无碳贝氏体从晶界伸向晶内,晶内为针状铁素体与珠光体,个别部位有粒状贝氏体.熔合区及粗晶区组织为板条马氏体和少量M-A组元.正火区组织为粒状贝氏体和少量铁素体.BWELDY700QL4焊接接头的硬度值在264～380 HV之间,焊缝处硬度最高,比母材高48 ～76 HV,热影响区虽有软化现象,但不明显.     

High Efficiency and Quality of Multi-Pass Tandem Gas Metal Arc Welding for Thick Al 5083 Alloy Plates

Multi-pass tandem gas metal arc welding(TGMAW) for Al 5083 alloy plates with 30 mm thickness is carried out to study its high efficiency and high quality. The welding process is evaluated by high-speed photographs and electrical signals. The deposition rate and welding time are calculated to characterize the welding efficiency. The bead formation, porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties are tested and analyzed. The results indicate that though arc deflection occurs due to the electromagnetic interference between two arcs during TGMAW process, it does not affect the welding process stability significantly. The deposition rate and welding time of TGMAW process are about 15 g/min larger and about 16.7% less than those of gas metal arc welding(GMAW)process respectively, accompanied by the reduction of heat input. The TGMAW welded joint has less porosity and more refined microstructure to contribute to the improvement of mechanical properties(micro-hardness, tensile strength and ductility). It can be concluded that TGMAW process yields excellent performance of welded joint with improved welding efficiency, which makes it extremely practical during welding of thick plates.     

两种焊接工艺下过共析钢轨接头的冲击磨损性能

为研究闪光焊、铝热焊两种焊接工艺下过共析钢轨焊接接头的冲击损伤演变行为以及性能差异,在自制的冲击磨损试验机上对过共析钢轨焊缝、热影响区软化部位及母材进行了不同冲击次数下的模拟实验. 研究结果表明:随着冲击次数的增加,钢轨焊接接头的冲击磨损均经历着塑性变形、点蚀破坏和疲劳剥落的过程,冲击损伤是疲劳磨损和氧化磨损共同作用的结果;由于焊接工艺导致的接头组织结构和力学性能的差异,热影响区软化部位冲击时塑性变形最严重,磨损体积和磨损率最大,抗冲击性能最差;由于对闪光焊焊接接头进行了焊后正火热处理,其组织结构及抗冲击性能明显优于铝热焊;硬度对焊接接头的抗冲击性能有显著影响,硬度越高,抗冲击性能越好,疲劳剥落出现的时间越晚.      

Microscopic structure and property of double-electrode gas metal arc welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy

This paper focuses on the research on double-electrode gas metal arc welding(DE-GMAW) of AZ31 B magnesium alloy sheet with 2 mm thickness. During the welding process, stable hybrid arc of metal inert gas(MIG) and tungsten inert gas(TIG) is employed as welding heat source. Optical and electron microscopes are used to observe the microstructures of the weld joint. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) are employed to identify the components in fusion zone. Microhardness is also tested. When the MIG current is 80 A, the perfect weld joint is obtained, though figures of fish scales are observed in all joints in the research. The fusion zone is formed by dendrites, where β-Mg17(Al, Zn)12is dispersed. The hardness in fusion zone and heat affected zone(HAZ) is lower than that in base metal(BM). The average Vickers hardness of fusion zone and HAZ is about 58 and 56 respectively, while the Vickers hardness of BM is about 63.     

金相剖面法确定13CrMo44钢及焊接接头区的断裂韧性值

本文采用金相剖面法,通过测定压力容器用钢13CrMo44钢及焊接接头各区裂纹尖端饱和伸张区高度(SZD),来确定焊接接头不均匀体各区的断裂韧性.该法能把焊接接头各区的组织特征、微观断口形貌同断裂力学宏观参数紧密结合起来,克服了以往诸方法难以使裂纹尖端准确达到预定位置的缺陷.试验结果表明:用 P_5焊条手弧焊对接的焊接接头断裂韧性只有母材的一半,熔合区断裂韧性最低,是结构的最薄弱环节.焊接接头各区的断裂韧性值为合理评定压力容器缺陷,正确估算剩余寿命提供了依据.     

LY12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究

对LY12铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊接工艺试验,并对焊接接头进行了金相观察和力学性能检测.试验结果表明,合理的焊接参数匹配是取得性能优良焊接接头的前提.当旋转速度为905 r/min、焊接速度为33.6 mm/min、肩部压力为48 MPa时施焊,可获得成型良好无缺陷焊接接头,且焊缝区晶粒细小.搅拌摩擦焊焊接轧态LY12铝合金时,焊接时的热输入可部分消除接头处金属的冷作硬化.随着焊接速度的提高,焊接热输入量降低,消除冷作硬化的能力减弱,焊接接头抗拉强度提高.     

LY12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究

对LY12铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊接工艺试验,并对焊接接头进行了金相观察和力学性能检测.试验结果表明,合理的焊接参数匹配是取得性能优良焊接接头的前提.当旋转速度为905 r/m in、焊接速度为33.6 mm/m in、肩部压力为48MPa时施焊,可获得成型良好无缺陷焊接接头,且焊缝区晶粒细小.搅拌摩擦焊焊接轧态LY12铝合金时,焊接时的热输入可部分消除接头处金属的冷作硬化.随着焊接速度的提高,焊接热输入量降低,消除冷作硬化的能力减弱,焊接接头抗拉强度提高.     

Modeling, identification and simulation of DC resistance spot welding process for aluminum alloy 5182

Currently the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding(AA-RSW) has been extensively used for light weight automotive body-in-white manufacturing.However the aluminum alloys such as AA5182 have inferior weldability for forming the joint due to their high reflectiveness to heat and light.Therefore it is necessary to further develop the high performance control strategy and the set-up of a new welding schedule.The welding process identification is the essential issue where the difficulty arises from the fact that the AA-RSW is a nonlinear time-varying uncertain process which couples the thermal,electrical,mechanical and metallurgical dynamics.To understand this complicated physical phenomenon a novel dual-phase M-series pseudo-random electrical pattern is adopted to excite the AA-RSW electrical-thermal process and the thermal response is recorded according to the welding power outputs.Based on the experimental information,the transfer function of an AA-RSW electrical- thermal mechanism is identified,and the optimum model order and parameters are determined.Subsequently a control-oriented DC AA-RSW model is established to explore the welding power control algorithm.The simulated results of the control model show agreement with the experimental data,which validates its feasibility for the corresponding welding control.     

动车组构架激光-MAG复合热源焊接工艺参数

针对高速列车转向架焊接构架中典型的平板对接接头、T型角接接头和管板搭接接头,采用激光-MAG电弧复合热源焊接方法进行了系统的焊接工艺试验,确定了平板对接、T型角接和管板搭接接头的坡口角度、钝边尺寸和组焊间隙,以及相应的激光-MAG复合热源焊接工艺参数,为激光-电弧复合焊接方法在构架制造中的应用提供了工艺参数和技术基础.     

AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头显微组织及疲劳性能

为了改善镁合金焊接接头的微观组织及其力学性能,采用真空电子束焊接工艺对厚10 mm的AZ31B镁合金板材进行焊接,分析电子束对接接头的显微组织、元素分布和物相组成,检测了电子束对接接头静载拉伸性能和疲劳性能.试验结果表明AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能均得到了改善:焊缝区晶粒明显细化,焊缝区Mg、Zn元素的质量分数分别降低了0.12%和0.28%,Al、Mn元素的质量分数分别增加了0.24%、0.14%,焊缝区为单相α-Mg,无明显的低熔点β-Mg17Al12脆性;焊接接头的抗拉强度为242 MPa,能够达到母材的抗拉强度;在脉动载荷（R=0.1）、2×106循环次数下,其接头的疲劳强度为91 MPa,能达到母材的78.4%.      

斜拉桥钢桥面板顶板-U肋-横隔板过焊孔细节群数字疲劳试验

为研究多场耦合作用下斜拉桥钢桥面板疲劳裂纹的扩展机理，建立了跨尺度斜拉桥全桥数字疲劳试验模型；通过模拟顶板-U肋-横隔板过焊孔细节群处多道焊缝的焊接全过程，将焊接残余应力引入数字疲劳试验模型中；基于扩展有限元法，在多场耦合作用下对顶板-U肋-横隔板过焊孔细节群处典型疲劳裂纹进行扩展机理的数字断裂参数分析与扩展行为的数字疲劳试验。研究结果表明:在顶板-U肋-横隔板过焊孔细节群处存在较大的残余拉应力，其最大值接近钢材的屈服强度，焊接残余应力对钢桥面板疲劳性能的影响不可忽略；后续焊缝会影响已有焊缝区域的应力场分布，在分析计算多道焊缝影响区域的焊接残余应力场时，需模拟多道焊缝的焊接全过程；在恒载应力场、活载应力场和焊接残余应力场的多场耦合作用下，按复合型裂纹扩展的工程准则，顶板-U肋-横隔板过焊孔细节群处4种典型疲劳裂纹的最大等效应力强度因子幅均大于疲劳裂纹扩展阈值，均将在疲劳循环荷载作用下发生疲劳扩展；在多场耦合作用下，过焊孔上方顶板-U肋连接焊缝的顶板侧焊趾处疲劳裂纹和U肋侧焊趾处疲劳裂纹均为以Ⅰ型裂纹为主导的Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ型复合裂纹，Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型裂纹的影响不容忽略；过焊孔上方顶板-U肋连接焊缝的顶板侧焊根处疲劳裂纹和横隔板过焊孔边缘处疲劳裂纹均为Ⅰ型裂纹；建立的多场耦合作用下多尺度数字疲劳试验可为运营阶段大跨度桥梁钢桥面板疲劳裂纹的扩展提供分析与模拟方法。      

铝合金熔焊气孔与裂纹交互作用模拟

为研究铝合金熔焊接头中裂纹与气孔交互作用对接头疲劳行为的影响,基于杂交多边形有限单元法（hybrid polygonal element,HPE）,构造了单独含椭圆洞和裂纹的多边形单元格式,建立了同时含裂纹和气孔的激光-电弧复合焊接铝合金接头的平面应力模型,研究了气孔的分布对焊根裂纹尖端场的影响.研究结果表明:在较为稀疏的网格模型下,HPE法数值解误差可控制在0.5%以内;焊缝下部的小气孔使得裂纹尖端标准化Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型应力强度因子分别增大2.15%和324%,增强效应明显,并且气孔与裂纹间距离越近,两者耦合作用愈强.      

铝合金AL3003的激光焊接工艺研究

采用500瓦光纤激光器对动力电池的铝合金外壳进行了焊接。通过调节激光焊接速度、离焦量等工艺参数进行试验研究。结果表明,在激光功率一定时,焊接速度对焊接的熔深影响最大,而离焦量对焊缝的外观缺陷起到决定性作用。在速度为10mm/s以及离焦量为负0.3mm时得到最佳的焊接效果。     

DILLIMAX690T高强度结构钢焊接工艺

通过斜Y铁研抗裂性试验、拉伸、弯曲、低温冲击、硬度等试验方法对DILLLMA X690T(即D690T)新型高强度结构钢焊接接头的抗裂性和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:D690T高强度结构钢有一定冷裂倾向,但在预热温度≥100℃时,选取适合的焊接材料,可避免裂纹的产生;D690T高强度结构钢的同种接头及分别与HG785E高强钢、Q345E低合金钢焊接的异种接头均具有良好的拉仲、弯曲性能和低温冲击性能;焊接热影响区的硬度偏高,在实际生产时可适当提高预热温度.     

钢构件对接焊焊缝横向残余应力分布研究

采用ANSYS通用有限元分析软件对钢板对接焊进行模拟分析,通过对不同厚度钢板的对接焊缝横向残余应力分布的研究,得出了横向焊接残余应力分布与板厚关系的一些简便的数学公式,以便设计人员在进行焊缝设计时进行残余应力的估算.     

EQ1170KA客车底盘焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

本文研究了EQ1170KA客车底盘焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的规律,结果表明:焊接接头不同部位的疲劳裂纹扩展速率各不相同,焊接残余应力和金相组织对疲劳裂纹扩展速率都有一定的影响。