一型小水线面双体船的水动力性能与结构设计

简要介绍了中国船舶重工集团公司(CSIS)建立和发展的一种小水线面双体船(SWATH)优化设计工程技术系统.主要包括SWATH船型的概念设计、主尺度与线型优化、有效功率预报、纵向运动稳定性校验及稳定鳍设计、耐波性预报、结构载荷评估、波浪中的船体结构动、静响应分析等有关设计、预报与评估的系统方法.并以一型1500吨级小水线面双体型海洋调查船设计和评估为例对有关设计方法进行了说明和验证,在该船设计中,采用线性和非线性三维水弹性理论来预报载荷与评估在波浪中航行船体的结构安全性,同时在中国船舶科学研究中心(CSSRC)的拖曳水池与耐波性水池中进行了阻力与自航、耐波性与操纵性、波浪载荷等船模拖曳及自航试验.文中还给出了该船有关优化设计及模型试验结果.     

不同海况下艏部砰击及鞭状效应的试验与数值分析

为了更深入地研究船舶的鞭状效应,在拖曳水池中对某船进行了艏部砰击及鞭状效应分段模型试验研究。提出了一种可以考虑砰击力的非线性水弹性计算方法。并改进了传统的分段模型,采用变截面梁对船体刚度进行模拟以更好地接近实船。在规则波迎浪下观察到了严重的艏部砰击现象。试验数据表明,当波高从5.6m增大到21m时,由于鞭状效应原因,总弯矩相比低频波浪弯矩的增大值从24.64%增长到92.02%。最后,将不同海况下的测量结果与基于线性与非线性水弹性理论的计算结果进行了比较分析,初步验证了文中方法和程序在预报船体波浪载荷中的适用性。     

Validation of 6-DOF motion simulations for ship turning in regular waves

In this study, a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) motion simulation method of a ship steering in regular waves is validated. The proposed simulation model is based on the two-time scale concept where the 6-DOF motions are expressed as the sum of the low-frequency maneuvering motions and high-frequency wave-induced motions. Turning simulations of a KCS container ship model with a rudder angle of \(\pm 35^\circ\) in calm water and regular waves are performed and the obtained results are compared with the results of a free-running model test. The model tests were conducted using a ship model of length 3.057 m in a square tank at the National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Japan. The wave conditions were as follows: the wave height was 3.6 m at full-scale, ratio of wavelength to ship length was 1.0, and the ship approached in the head wave direction before it was steered. The present method can simulate both the turning motion and wave-induced motions in regular waves with practical accuracy.

     

二维物体上的二阶波浪力

近年来,作用于固定式或浮式海洋结构物上的非线性波浪力正在引起广泛的注意。本文处理了规则波对固定的二维物体的二阶非线性影响,协调地求得了二阶绕射势,并进而得到了二阶定常波浪力和二阶倍频波浪力。 借助于切片理论,此方法和结果似也可用来预估船舶或某些半潜平台的二阶波浪作用力和二阶运动。     

Global wave loads on intact and damaged Ro-Ro ships in regular oblique waves

A nonlinear time-domain simulation method is presented for the prediction of dynamic global wave loads on a Ro-Ro ship at zero speed in regular oblique waves in an intact and a damaged condition. Numerical computations and model tests have been carried to investigate the structural responses of Ro-Ro ship Dextra to various wave amplitudes at three different wave headings (DTR-4.1-NEW-12.98, DEXTREMEL project BE97-4375, 1998; DTR-4.2-NEW-11.99, DEXTREMEL project BE97-4375, 1999). The results of numerical and experimental investigations for stern quartering waves are reviewed. Comparisons between predictions and measurements for global wave loads at the midship section of the intact and the damaged Ro-Ro ship show that the agreement between the theory and experiment for dynamic horizontal and vertical bending moments is excellent. On the other hand, correlation between the predictions and measurements for dynamic vertical shear force is better than that for dynamic horizontal shear force. Nevertheless, the calculated torsion moment values are higher than the measured values. As the wave amplitude is not small, the positive and negative peaks of global wave loads are no longer equal to each other as found in both the calculations and experiments. The dynamic vertical global wave loads in the damaged condition are larger than that in the intact condition.     

船体在波浪中的非线性水动压力

本文提出了一个预报船体在波浪中大幅运动时非线性水动压力场的二维时域理论。船体扰动势用时域自由面格林函数和在入射波下的瞬时湿表面上的分布源求解；与非线性水动压力场相匹配的船体运动用差分法求得。为提高计算效率和避免数值过程发散，采用了改进的数值模型和方案。通过线性理论计算与模型试验结果的比较，指出了线性切片理论在预报水动压力场时的不足，水动压力与波高的非线性关系及正负水动压力沿船体表面的分布在Wigley船的计算比较中得到了说明。初步计算表明，该理论的实用化发展前景是令有鼓舞的。相应的计算机程序可在PC机上运行。     

铝合金穿浪双体船波激振动响应计算研究

对穿浪型双体船在波浪中航行时的受载状况进行研究,采用规则波理论计算其所受波浪外载荷。利用有限元法建立了铝合金穿浪双体船波激振动响应数值计算模型。基于水弹性理论,采用所建立的数值模型对某全铝合金穿浪双体船高海情试验进行了数值模拟,将数值模拟结果与实船试验数据进行了比较,证明本文方法可靠。进行了该船受6级海况波浪激励的振动响应计算,发现全铝合金穿浪双体船波激振动位移响应较大,远大于常规单体船。还发现高海情中航行时的波激振动应力响应值亦较大。     

规则波浪中舰船操纵与横摇耦合运动模拟及特性分析

采用六自由度舰船操纵性方程与横摇波浪力矩耦合构成动力学模型,对舰船在规则波浪中的操纵与横摇耦合运动特性进行了模拟研究.其中操纵性方程采用MMG模型,波浪力矩由切片法计算,舰船航向按PD控制.模拟计算了某船正横规则波浪下保持航向的横摇运动,计算结果与单自由度理论结果进行了比较,其幅频曲线与相频曲线两者符合较好,间接证明了耦合构成动力学模型的有效性.在此基础上计算了不同浪向角和航速下的横摇运动,以横摇等值极坐标曲线表征舰船规则波浪中的横摇特性,从而给出了规则波浪下舰船耦合动力学所描述的运动特征.     

EFD and CFD for KCS heaving and pitching in regular head waves

The KCS container ship was investigated in calm water and regular head seas by means of EFD and CFD. The experimental study was conducted in FORCE Technology’s towing tank in Denmark, and the CFD study was conducted using the URANS codes CFDSHIP-IOWA and Star-CCM+ plus the potential theory code AEGIR. Three speeds were covered and the wave conditions were chosen in order to study the ship’s response in waves under resonance and maximum exciting conditions. In the experiment, the heave and pitch motions and the resistance were measured together with wave elevation of the incoming wave. The model test was designed and conducted in order to enable UA assessment of the measured data. The results show that the ship responds strongly when the resonance and maximum exciting conditions are met. With respect to experimental uncertainty, the level for calm water is comparable to PMM uncertainties for maneuvering testing while the level is higher in waves. Concerning the CFD results, the computation shows a very complex and time-varying flow pattern. For the integral quantities, a comparison between EFD and CFD shows that the computed motions and resistance in calm water is in fair agreement with the measurement. In waves, the motions are still in fair agreement with measured data, but larger differences are observed for the resistance. The mean resistance is reasonable, but the first order amplitude of the resistance time history is underpredicted by CFD. Finally, it seems that the URANS codes are in closer agreement with the measurements compared to the potential theory.     

数值波浪水池及顶浪中船舶水动力计算

基于粘流理论建立了三维数值波浪水池,模拟了非线性波浪,并对规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力进行了计算.数值模拟中,控制方程-RANS方程和连续性方程使用有限体积法离散,非线性自由面采用VOF方法处理;在入口边界模拟柔性造波板运动产生入射波,使用位于波浪水池尾部的人工阻尼区消波.给出了非线性规则波的模拟结果以及规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力计算结果,并与理论解及DUT(Delfi University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,二者吻合良好.     

迎浪规则波中小水线面双体船纵向运动及波浪载荷非线性特性数值分析

基于RANS方程和VOF模型求解船体粘性兴波流场,开展了小水线面双体船(Small Waterplane Area Twin Hulls,SWATH)迎浪规则波中纵向运动及波浪载荷的非线性特性研究.通过数值计算结果与模型试验结果的对比分析,验证了文中方法的有效性;在此基础上,较为系统地分析了SWATH船的垂荡及纵摇运动响应、垂向加速度和波浪载荷的一阶及二阶量随入射波高的变化规律,指出SWATH船的运动响应及载荷与波高存在非线性的关系,尤其体现在响应共振区附近;相比于船体垂荡和纵摇运动,垂向加速度及波浪载荷的非线性特性更为显著.     

用naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器数值模拟船舶在波浪上的操纵运动问题（英文）

Ship maneuvering in waves includes the performance of ship resistance, seakeeping, propulsion, and maneuverability. It is a complex hydrodynamic problem with the interaction of many factors. With the purpose of directly predicting the behavior of ship maneuvering in waves, a CFD solver named naoe-FOAM-SJTU is developed by the Computational Marine Hydrodynamics Lab(CMHL) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The solver is based on open source platform OpenFOAM and has introduced dynamic overset grid technology to handle complex ship hull-propeller-rudder motion system. Maneuvering control module based on feedback control mechanism is also developed to accurately simulate corresponding motion behavior of free running ship maneuver. Inlet boundary wavemaker and relaxation zone technique is used to generate desired waves. Based on the developed modules, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) computations are carried out for several validation cases of free running ship maneuver in waves including zigzag, turning circle, and course keeping maneuvers. The simulation results are compared with available benchmark data. Ship motions, trajectories, and other maneuvering parameters are consistent with available experimental data, which indicate that the present solver can be suitable and reliable in predicting the performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Flow visualizations, such as free surface elevation, wake flow, vortical structures, are presented to explain the hydrodynamic performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Large flow separation can be observed around propellers and rudders. It is concluded that RANS approach is not accurate enough for predicting ship maneuvering in waves with large flow separations and detached eddy simulation(DES) or large eddy simulation(LES) computations are required to improve the prediction accuracy.     

多功能支持船波浪载荷研究

波浪载荷研究是船舶性能预报和结构安全评估的关键内容。文中利用势流理论直接数值求解多功能支持船遭受的波浪载荷(包括一阶波频力和二阶漂移力),利用统计方法得到波浪载荷的长期预报和短期预报极值,包括波浪总纵弯矩和垂向波浪剪力以用于后续的船舶整体结构安全评估,以及纵向漂移力、横向漂移力和首摇漂移力矩用于船舶的动力定位能力分析中。研究结果表明:求解波浪载荷的势流理论方法精确,能为后续的船舶性能预报和结构安全评估提供可靠的载荷输入。     

水下航行体波浪力理论预报

本文对水下航行体近水面航行状态进行波浪力的计算,计算采用STF理论和Frank源分布紧密拟合方法预报波浪力响应以及用Newman细长体方法和3D修正方法计算水下航行体的二阶平均波浪力与力矩.该方法和计算程序已经过多次模型试验结果比较和验证.采用该方法就某水下航行体计算了二种水深、七种相对浪向下近水面波浪力响应,并给出了波浪力参数随水深变化与浪向变化的计算结果.     

船舶在波浪中操纵运动仿真

本文研究了双浆双舵船在规则波中的回转运动，首先进行了约束模型试验，得到了操纵运动数学模型中的水动力系数，然后，进行了静水操纵运动数值仿真，并与自航模型试验结果进行了比较。最后，预报船舶在规则波中的回转运动，对一些影响回转运动的因素进行了讨论。     

考虑外环境影响的船舶操纵模拟自动舵系统

自动舵系统是建立船舶操纵离线模拟模型所要解决的关键因素之一，本文给出了一种船舶操纵模拟自动舵系统，该系统可以对船舶出入港时受到的复杂载荷，如风，浪，流，限制性航道等做出合理反应，可以应用于船舶出入港操纵运动的离线模拟中。     

基于AQWA计算规则波中新型海工船的运动响应

本文应用三维势流理论的水动力软件AQWA分析一种新型工程船舶在波浪中的运动响应,新型船为改造的波兰中型集装箱船B-573,设计搭载Pram型艉和POD吊舱式推进系统的新型海工船.本文计算此船在规则波中不同浪向角条件下的六个自由度的频域和时域的运动响应,得到在不同浪向角下船体的响应振幅算子RAO,计算船舶顺浪下不同船速的垂荡RAO以及纵荡、垂荡和纵摇三个自由度的一阶、二阶波浪力,分析结果显示该新船型具有良好的耐波性.     

Second-order wave run-up on a vertical cylinder adjacent to a plane wall based on the application of quadratic transfer function in bi-directional waves

A numerical model was developed in this study to simulate the wave diffraction caused by an arbitrarily shaped structure in the presence of bi-directional incident waves based on a higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM). Based on the developed model, the wave elevation quadratic transfer function (QTF) in bi-directional waves, which is defined as the second-order wave elevation caused by two incident waves of unit amplitude from two directions, can be determined. The developed model was subsequently used to investigate the wave interaction with a cylinder situated near a vertical wall. The image principle was applied to transform the original problem into an equivalent one of wave diffraction caused by two symmetrical cylinders in open seas exposed to bi-directional incident waves. The second-order wave run-up on the cylinder can then be determined using the wave elevation QTF obtained from an analysis of the equivalent problem. A detailed numerical analysis was then conducted. Numerical results revealed that the presence of the vertical wall can apparently disturb the wave diffraction process from the cylinder, and lead to significantly amplified second-order wave elevation within the region between the wall and cylinder. In addition, the respective contribution from the first- and second-order components to the overall wave elevation around the cylinder was discussed.     

规则波和不规则波中船舶艉砰击及其振动响应的试验研究

在拖曳水池中对某船舶进行了艉砰击及其振动响应的试验研究.在规则波以及不规则波中的零航速、艉随浪情况下观察到了严重的艉砰击现象.试验数据分析表明,合成弯矩可以分成由波浪载荷引起的低频成分以及由砰击载荷引起的高频成分.由于严重艉砰击载荷的作用,发现在某次规则波试验中合成弯矩比波浪弯矩要大出44%,在3.24m不规则波中合成弯矩增加了43%.不规则波中的试验数据统计表明合成弯矩分布范围服从Weibull分布.推导了服从Weibull分布随机变量的短期概率极值预报公式,针对试验数据进行了预报.还讨论了试验数据分析中的不确定性问题.试验研究表明,对于艉部平坦肥大的船舶,在设计和使用中需要引起对艉砰击及其振动响应问题的重视.     

On the numerical accuracy of the wave load distribution on a ship advancing in short and steep waves

Defining numerical uncertainty is an important part of the practical application of a numerical method. In the case of a ship advancing in short and steep waves, little knowledge exists on the solution behaviour as a function of discretisation resolution. This paper studies an interface-capturing (VOF) solution for a passenger ship advancing in steep (kA = 0.24) and short waves (L _w /L _pp = 0.16). The focus is to estimate quantitative uncertainties for the longitudinal distributions of the first–third harmonic wave loads in the ship bow area. These estimates are derived from the results of three systematically refined discretisation resolutions. The obtained uncertainty distributions reveal that even the uncertainty of the first harmonic wave load varies significantly along the ship bow area. It is shown that the largest local uncertainties of the first harmonic wave load relate to the differences in the local details of the propagating and deforming encountered waves along the hull. This paper also discusses the challenges that were encountered in the quantification of the uncertainties for this complex flow case.