地震时跨断层海底管道的屈曲分析

地震时,考虑海底管道与土介质的相互作用,对将跨断层海底管道作为薄壳结构时的断层位错反应进行分析计算.利用Ansys分析软件,将管道模型简化为四节点薄壳单元结构, 土介质简化为弹塑性弹簧,建立管土相互作用的有限元分析模型,进行分析计算.根据计算结果以及海底管道屈曲校核准则描绘出管道破坏等级范围分布图.最终得出结论:地震时在大位移断层运动作用下,海底管道存在明显的屈曲变形,在屈曲变形较大处,海底管道发生断裂.     

斜滑断层对埋地天然气管道力学性能影响

为研究斜滑断层作用下埋地天然气管道受力性能和影响因素,采用有限元软件ADINA进行数值模拟,建立三维管土相互作用非线性有限元模型.在该模型的基础上,分析了断层错动量、管道埋深、管径、内压以及不同管材对管道受力与变形的影响.研究结果表明:断层错动下,钢质管道最大受力与变形位置位于断层两侧,管道所受最大拉压应变相近;管道应...     

穿越活动断层埋地管道的应变分析

文中系统回顾了穿越活动断层埋地管道研究的历程,并分析比较了各种方法的特点、适用范围与不足,通过采用Newmark-Hall法和Kennedy法对管道应变进行了计算,并分析了不同参数对管道应变的影响程度,考虑埋地管道安全性以及建设的经济性,建议埋地管道敷设时以50°～80°穿越断层、管道埋深控制在1 m以内,最后针对当前的研究现状,提出对今后穿越活动断层埋地管道研究的建议和看法。     

基于应变的悬空管道性能分析

文中对悬空管道的性能进行了分析.通过力学与有限元的结合,将埋地管道的悬空段简化为大挠度梁,且考虑几何非线性,利用ANSYS建立管道在悬空状态下的大变形有限元模型.研究了跨距变化情况下应变分布情况及变化规律,并基于应变的管道设计准则,对某悬空管道进行安全性评估.结果表明:拉应变最大处出现在出土端管道上表面,跨中管道上表面...     

基于VC、ANSYS和Access的含缺陷管道安全评定系统

含缺陷管道安全评定技术研究是油气管道施工与生产管理中的一个重要内容。系统分析了油气管道主要力学条件并综合考虑管道表面体积型缺陷等影响因素,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件的二次开发功能,运用VS2005、Access、ANSYS及其APDL语言,开发了含缺陷管道安全评定系统。该系统实现了数据库管理,含任意形貌的外缺陷、内缺陷和凹痕缺陷管道的参数化建模,非线性有限元分析以及安全评定,能够对多条管线全部缺陷的单一分析、组合分析进行全自动批量处理和控制,能够用于在役管线安全评定分析,为含缺陷管线的分析研究提供了有力工具。     

悬索跨越管道地震响应分析

悬索跨越管道在地震作用下易受破坏,其地震响应分析、抗震设计方法的研究己成为管道跨越工程设计中的重要课题。文中建立了ANSYS分析模型,运用大质量地震输入方式,以典型的地震波作用于悬索跨越管道,进行非线性动力时程分析,得到悬索跨越管道地震响应结果,分析了悬索跨越管道地震响应的规律和特点。结果表明：悬索跨越管道在地震作用下,弯管处受力最大,管跨中点位移最大,地震波轴向和竖向分量对结构响应更强烈。     

基于应变的检测与工程适用性评价技术

介绍了国外用于管道应变检测的惯性测绘单元,提出了国内油气管道开展应变检测的必要性.总结了基于应变的工程临界性评估方法的研究现状,提出了国内研究机构开展基于应变的工程适用性评价技术研究的重要性.在此基础上,结合国内管道的实际情况,提出了可行的油气管道应变检测与评价技术研究的思路和方法,可以为油气管道完整性管理和评价技术的...     

跨油气管道桥梁施工技术研究

文章以跨中缅油气管道的胡家坡1号大桥为例,采用Midas/Civil有限元软件对不同跨油气管道桥梁施工方案进行对比分析,深入研究了门架墩大跨径重型预应力盖梁的施工技术,为同类跨油气管道桥梁施工提供参考借鉴。     

采动沉陷影响下埋地管道应力变形分析

文中研究受采空沉陷区地表移动影响下埋地管道的变形特征,建立煤矿区采动沉陷油气管道的有限元仿真计算模型,对管线方向与工作面推进方向不同夹角开采的影响进行研究,分析了管道的力学行为及变形演化规律,结果表明:夹角为90°工况下管道受地下煤层开采的影响最小,为采空区管道的设计、建设提供参考。     

格拉管道一次地震断裂分析及防范措施

因为地震，格拉管道昆仑山口泵站上行8km处，由于套管内主管道垂直穿越青藏公路段正好位于地震纵波使土壤发生压缩变形出现的断裂带上而被拉断。管道断裂的原因主要是地震波从震源传播到地表土壤，引起地面变形而呈较宽突起压缩断裂带，而当压缩波的传播方向与管道轴向一致时，管道产生大的应力和应变，当应力和应变超过管道母材的断裂极限时而被拉断。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.