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1.
IntroductionIn Hidden Markov Model ( HMM) - basedspeech recognition systems,it is very importanttoset the parameters of HMMs correctly.Conven-tional training algorithms such as Baum- Welch al-gorithm,are based on the criterion of maximumlikelihood( ML) .The strength of Baum- Welch al-gorithm lies in its fast convergence andmonotonous improvement[1] . For other criteriasuch as maximum mutual information,however,such an algorithm does not exist.In this case,acommon resort is a gradient- b… 相似文献
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lIntroductionMagnesium,oneofthelighteststructurematerials,hasbeenwidelyappliedinaviation,machineryandautomobilemanufacturing.Withstrongaffinitytooxygenandporosityofitsoxidefilm,magnesiumisapttoreactwithoxy-gen.Thus,duringthemeltofmagnesiumalloys,specialfluxeshavetobeusedtocoverthemelttokeepitfromfurtheroxidizationorevencom-bustionathightemperature,andtorefineandtodegasitandtoremovethedrossfromthemelt[1j.Thewidelyusedfluxesaremainlycomposedofwaterlesscarnallite(MgCl,-KCl)andsomefluoridesandch… 相似文献
3.
Numerousgangliaandnerves(constitutingaganglialplexus)werefoundintherightatrialfatpadonsurfaceofcanineheart.Cardiacintrinsicneuronsintheplexushavebeenassumedtocontainnotonlyparasympatheticefferentneurons,butafferent,localcircuitandpostganglionicsympatheticneuronswerealsopresentintheplexus"~".Itwasnuclearwhetherandhowcardiacneuronsconnectwithsomatoceptororacupuncturepoints.Thechangeofcardiovascularactivitymaybeinducedfollowingacupuncture.Itwassuggestedthatacupuncturewouldhavethebitropicadjustmen… 相似文献
4.
Ｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌｌｓ (ＥＣｓ)ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｓｔｈｅｂａｒｒｉｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｂｒａｉｎａｎｄｒｅｌａｔｅｔｏｔｈｅｓｅｃｒｅｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｍｅｅｎｄｏ ｃｒｉｎｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｉｒｄｙｓｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ[1] .ＤａｍａｇｅｔｏＥＣｓｉｓｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｓｉｇｎａｎｄａｂａ ｓｉｃｆａｃｔｏｒｏｆｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｉｓｃｈｅｍｉａ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,… 相似文献
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Traceelementsareimportantnutri-tioussubstancesforgr0wthofchildren.Ithasbeenrep0rtedthatzincdeficiencyisthecause0fgrowthretardation,dwarfisminchildren.Thec0rrelation'0flevel0fzinc,calciumwiththegr0wthofhealtllychildren,howeverFasn0tbeenclearlyin-vestigated.Inthispaper,thecorrelationofheightandweight0fchildrenwithzinc(Zn),calcium(Ca)statusisanalysedandtheeffect0fzincsupplementongrowthofchildrenisinvestigated,accordingt0anobservati0n0n456healthychildrenaged3～6yearsinXi'an.MATERIALSANDMET… 相似文献
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11ntroductionThesliderfliesovertherotationgdiskinaverylowclearancetohousethetransducercom-pletingthereadandwriteoperationproperly.Itisdisastrousifaslidercrashesdowntherotatingdiskinworkingstate,whichmaycausediskdamagesduetotheseriousfrictionbetweenthesliderandthedisk-Recently,itisdiscoveredthattheslidercrashiscloselyrelatedwiththetapercontamination[l'2'3J.Kurokawa,TakahashiandShinohara[l]believethattheliquefactionofor-ganicgasesonthetapersectionpreventsaparti-clefrompassing,sotheparticlestays… 相似文献
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Polypoidlesionsofthegallbladder,clinicallycalledGallbladderpolyps,wasakind0fbenigndisease0fthegallbladder.Withthewideuse0fBUS,thediagnosisratewasobviouslyelevated.Buttherewerestilldifferentideas0nthetreatment.Inthisarticle,thediagnosisandtreatmentof56casesofPLGthatwereconfirmedbyoperationandpathology,arediscussed-CLIN1CALMATERIALS56patientssufferingfromPLGwerediagn0sedbypathol0gicalexaminati0naf-tercholecystect0myin0urh0spitalbe-tween1984andl995.Inthisgroup,24casesweremaleand32femal… 相似文献
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IntroductionNatural gas is considered as an alternative au-tomotive fuel.In fact,a considerable number ofvehicles worldwide have been converted to operateon compressed natural gas.Butmobile applicationsof NG atpresentare limited mainly due to its limit-ed driving range as a result of its low volumetricenergy density.At NTP the volumetric energydensity,and hence the mileage per unit volume ofthe fuel tank,of NG is only 0 .1 2 % of that ofgasoline[1] .Hence,the suitability of NG for vehic-ul… 相似文献
9.
Exceptforinaminorityofthecaseswithearlystageotitismedia (OM)orsequelae ,effusionisthemostcommoninflammatoryproductamongthevar iousOMtype .Itisnotclearwhetheruntreatedef fusionresultsinchronic ,irreversible pathologicchangesinthemiddleearcleftandmastoid[1 -4 ] .Chronicotitismedia (COM)ismainlyindicatedbytheformationofgranulationtissue .Granulationtis sueisthemostcommon [5,6] andsignificantrepresenta tivepathologictissueofCOM .Studiesonthefac tors promoting granulationtissueformation ,thepat… 相似文献
10.
Objective To reveal the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and the Chinese Han nationality children with CA, compared the distribution of the 5-HTTLPR between the Han Chinese children with CA and healthy Han Chinese children , and analyzed the association between the 5-HTTLPR and clinical symptoms of the Han Chinese children with CA. Methods Genomic DNAs of fifty subjects including 25 autistic children and 25 controls were extracted from blood samples. PCR amplification using Oligonucleotide primers flanking 5-HTTLPR was performed. Results① Three kinds of alleles including the S （short） allele, the L （long） allele and the VL allele were found , and the 5-HTTLPR genotypes shown were S/S, L/L, S/L and L/VL. ②Allele frequencies did not differ significantly in patient groups in comparison with the control sample. No significant difference was identified between the observed 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution of the patient groups and control group. ③The distribution of homozygons and heterozygous subjects between the two groups differed significantly. ④ The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism correlated significantly with the Body Movement Factor. ⑤ The allele frequency of healthy Han Chinese population and that of healthy Japanese population were similar. The frequency of S allele in not only autistic subjects but also healthy children in this study was considerably more than that in Caucasians and the frequency of L allele in our subjects decreased correspondingly. Conclusion ① A significant difference in the allele frequency between the Han Chinese and Caucasian populations was found. ② The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism correlated significantly with the Body Movement Factor of the patients. ③ The homozygote and the L allele were positively relevant to CA and they might be the risk factors of CA. The heterozygote and the S allele were negatively relevant to CA and they might be the protective factors of CA. 相似文献
11.
Objective To investigate the possibility of microsatellite alteration （MA） in diagnosis of bladder cancer of Chinese people, and find the better panel which will be used in clinic. Methods A total of 6 and 10 microsatellite markers were chosen, PCR-SSLP silver staining assay was performed in 31 and 32 bladder cancers tissue, exfoliate cells in urine and 10, 15 non-bladder cancers exfoliate cells in urine, respectively. Results MA （＋） was found in 28 out of 31, 30 out of 32 bladder cancers, and the sensitivity was 90. 3%, 93.7% respectively. The MA of urine sediment of 25 non-bladder cancers was negative, and the specificity was 100%. The cytology was carried out among 19 out of 31, 20 out of 32 bladder cancers at the same time, 2 cases （10.3%） and 3 cases （15%） were found cancer positive, and the sensitivity is significantly lower than that by the analysis of MA in exfoliated cells. Conclusion MA was not associated with grade and stage of the bladder cancer. MA assay is a sensitive and effective method for the early detection of bladder cancer and post-operation surveillance. 相似文献
12.
Objective To study the effects of simulated weightlessness induced by tail-suspension on reproduction in adult male rats and its mechanisms. Methods Twenty Spraque-Dawley adult male rats were randomly divided into two groups： the experimental group and control group. Rats in the experimental group were tail-suspended for 14 days. After the treatment, the weight and morphology of testis, the quantity and quality of sperm, the level of serum testosterone and the apoptusis rate of testicular cells were observed. Results Compared with the control, the testicular weight, the quantity and quality of sperm, the level of serum testosterone significantly decreased （P〈0.05） while the apoptusis rate of testicular calls significantly increased （P〈0.05） in tail-suspended rats. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining showed that seminiferous tubules atrophied, spermatogenic cells decreased, seminiferous epithelial cells disintegrated and shed, and the lumina were azoospermic. Conclusion Simulated weightlessness induced by tail-suspension has a harmful effect on male reproduction of adult rats by increasing the apoptusis of testicular cells. 相似文献
13.
Agingextentassessmentofgeneratorinsulationisofgreatsignificanceinplanninganeffectiveout ageandmaintenance .Inthelastdecade ,agingex tentassessmentoflargegeneratorinsulationwasasubjectresearchedintensively[1-4] .Anumberofpa pershavebeenpublishedonthetechniquesofinsu lationconditiondiagnosisandagingextentassess mentofgeneratorinsulation .Nearlyalleffortsforinsulationdiagnosisandagingassessmenthavereliedonelectricalmeasurementsandmostattentionhasbeenpaidtoanalysisofcharacteristicsofpartialdis cha… 相似文献
14.
Mifepristone (RU4 86 )hasbeenusedinclinicasaneffectiveemergencycontraception (EC)meth od .And ,areductionfrom 6 0 0mgto 10mgdidnotinfluenceefficacy[1] .However ,themechanismisnotclear .Inpractice ,unprotectedsexualintercoursecanoccuratanytimeinamenstrualcycle .AnidealECwouldbeonewhichcouldblockovulationandimplantation .Thus ,theeffectofEContherecep tivityoftheendometriumiscriticalforitseffec tiveness .Implantationofthehumanblastocystintheen dometriumisconsideredtobeinitiatedbyadia loguebet… 相似文献
15.
Vascularendothelialcellsinhypoxiaandthelackofglucosecanproducealotofactiveoxygen ,whichresultsinthedamageofendothelialcells .Furthermore,dysfunctionofvascularendothelialcellsistheinitiativestepofatherosclerosisandmayleadtosomeofcardiovasculardiseases[1 ,2 ] .So ,theprotectionofendothelialcellsfromtheinjuryplaysanimportantroleinthepreventionandtreatmentofatherosclerosis,hypertension ,hyperc holesterolaemiaandsoon .Therefore,manyre searchershavebeenlookingforamedicinethatcanhelptomaintainthenorm… 相似文献
16.
Objective To investigate the changes to the strike extent of piston to cylinder after engine supercharge design. Methods The lubrication model between the skirt of piston and liner is established by means of piston dynamics, combined with the hydrodynamic lubrication equation. Optimized numerical analysis method is employed in solving the dynamics and lubrication equations. The analyses about piston strike under two combustion gas pressures are performed. Results The peak values of maximum eccentricity under supercharge condition are much greater than under non-supercharge condition, which means a stronger impulsion of piston to cylinder wall and a greater possibility of scuffing. The horizontal velocities of piston in supercharge condition are larger, which illuminate the more unstable motion state. Conclusion The analysis gives a new conclusion. Combustion gas pressure plays an important role in the piston strike motion. Influences of supercharge should be taken into account so that the traditional product test items can be improved. 相似文献
17.
In the past,cervical prolapse of intervertebraldisc,a more common cervical vertebral disease,wasoftentreated withremoval of nucleus pulposus com-bined with autogenous iliac crest graft(AICG)andtitaniumplate.In recent years,cage becomes moreand more popular and is accepted gradually.Goodclinical effects have been achieved in the treat mentof cervical prolapse of intervertebral disc by usingSolis cage.However,at present few reports havebeen available to describe the clinical effects of trea-ti… 相似文献
18.
FromMay1957toJuly1995,ourhospitaldocumented2l4casesofprimarymediastinaltumor-A1lofthemhadbeentreatedsurgicallyandwithcompletedataoftreatment.Thispaperaimsatanalyzingthetreatmentofthosecases.CLINICALDATAAmongthetota1cases,ll3weremale,lO1werefemale.Theyoungestwas3'5yearsold,andtheoldestwas69,av-eraged34.7l-Theshortestcourseofill-nesswasonedayandthelongestwas15years,averagedl8.7months.Amongthetotalcases,thetumorof184caseswasbenign,accountingfor85'98%;thatof3ocaseswasmalignant,accountingfor… 相似文献
19.
Humannervegrowthfactor (hNGF)istheear liestrevealedcellulargrowthregulator.Researchershaveattainedafairlygoodunderstandingofthisnu tritionalfactorthatisessentialtothesurvival,growthanddifferentiationofcentralandperipheralnerves.Theclinicaluseofnerve growthfactor(NGF)hasapotentialtorepairorregrowdamagednerves,topreventandtreatretrogradeneurologicaldiseases,andto promotedifferentiationofneuro blast .Thepreviousstudieshaveshownthatdirectpu rificationofNGFisdifficultandoflessproductionwhilegen… 相似文献
20.
Gypenosides(GP)wasextractedfromGynostemmapentaphyllam(Thunb.)Markc17.LiteraturereportandourlaboratorystudiedresultsshowedthatGPhadsignificantinhibitionactiontomanykindsoftumorstraint23.InordertorevealthemechanismofantitumorofGP,westudiedtheeffectsofGPontheultrastructureofS--180sarcomacellsinmouse.MATERIALSANDMETHODSKun-iningspeciesmouse,weighing22t2g,eithersex,injecteds.c.0.2ml(contained4X105cells)cellsuspendingsolutionofS-180sarcoma,wasrandomizedintofourgroups:Salinecontrol(n'30… 相似文献