基于高阶有限元法的均匀流中物体二阶波辐射问题研究

主要研究应用高阶有限元法,分析二维波-流和结构物相互作用问题.通过高阶有限元法计算获得每一时步的一、二阶速度势,而有限元法方程通过SSOR预条件共轭梯度法来求解.开边界条件采用人工阻尼区来保证外传波条件.对位于均匀流中的水平半圆柱体做水平和垂直运动计算,得到了自由表面波和半圆柱所受到的波浪力时间历程,分析了水流在不同无因次波数下对一、二阶波及一、二阶水动力的影响.     

两圆柱体在波浪载荷作用下的运动响应分析

基于势流理论和波浪辐射/绕射理论,利用水动力分析软件(AQWA)研究两圆柱体在波浪作用下的运动响应特性,给出不同入射角与不同频率规则波作用下,小圆柱体单独运动时的六自由度响应幅值算子(RAOs)及运动响应,并与两个并排圆柱体六自由度响应幅值算子(RAOs)及运动响应作比较。结果表明:大圆柱体的干扰将使小圆柱体的纵摇、横摇、横荡、垂荡运动加剧,对小圆柱体漂移力也有较大影响,但对小圆柱体的纵荡与首摇运动影响不大。计算结果与传统方法计算值相近,证明此软件合理,可为两船在波浪中的干扰模拟计算提供参考。     

三角形布置圆柱体群绕流特性与流动机理研究

基于浸没边界-多松弛-格子玻尔兹曼方法,对Re=100时等边三角形布置三圆柱体群绕流问题进行数值模拟,分析间距比(K_d)与来流角度(α)两个关键参数对流体力系数及流场特性的影响,揭示其流动机理。计算结果表明：不同流场下尾流模式分为单漩涡、单漩涡体向双漩涡过渡、不规则的双漩涡、规则的双漩涡、双漩涡向三漩涡过渡、不规则的三漩涡和规则的三漩涡模式,在α=30°时流场下游涡街更加规则,尾流模式转变更快。三圆柱所受的时均流体力系数受间隙流流速影响较大,各来流角度下随间距比(除小间距比外)的变化趋势基本一致,尾流模式转变会导致三圆柱群的流体力系数均方根值发生显著变化,在K_d≥3.5后上游圆柱流体力系数均方根值有较大起伏。除α=0°工况外,在K_d≥2.5后中游圆柱的涡脱落频率受α和K_d影响较小,数值相对稳定。     

数值波浪水池中船舶水动力系数测试与分析技术

以CFD理论为基础,建立了数值波浪水池,给出了一种基于三维数值波浪水池的船舶水动力系数测试与分析技术。对Wigley-III船模在数值波浪水池中受迫振荡进行了数值模拟,计算分析了船体垂荡、纵摇及纵荡运动的附加质量与阻尼,并与三维势流理论计算结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好。此方法能准确给出浮式结构物的水动力系数,细致描述船舶周围的流场,可广泛应用于船舶与海洋工程浮式结构物的水动力性能研究。     

超空泡航行体尾部滑行力实验研究

超空泡航行体尾部沾湿滑行水动力对其水下运动特性具有重要影响。本文建立了圆柱后体在空泡内动态摆动滑行力水洞实验方法,开展了圆柱后体静态不同攻角和动态不同摆动角速度滑行水动力测量实验,获得了不同工况下滑行面几何特性和滑行力特性,并基于实验数据提出了滑行升力估算的经验公式。与理论公式比较表明,滑行力随浸没角、浸没深度变化的规律一致,Hassan模型预估值比实验值大,Paryshev模型预估值比Hassan模型更大些。     

单点悬挂式结构物水动力性能和结构强度分析

以某单点悬挂式海洋结构物为例,采用数值方法对其水动力性能和结构强度进行分析。建立结构物水动力模型和结构有限元模型,创建附加刚度矩阵模拟悬挂点的约束作用,采用三维频域势流理论和Morison理论计算结构物的水动力性能和波浪载荷。考虑结构物自身重力、浮力、波浪力、惯性力和悬挂点约束力等载荷的作用,采用有限元法分析其结构强度,为悬挂式结构物的设计和计算校核提供参考。     

波浪作用下悬浮结构水动力特性分析

悬浮隧道作为一种新型的水上概念交通形式,自该概念提出以来,受到世界各国学者的广泛关注。为了有较好的水动力特性,通常做成类圆管形状。文章基于势流理论,采用高阶边界元方法建立数学模型,分析了悬浮隧道在不同环境参数下的水动力特性,对圆形、椭圆形和双圆截面结构所受波浪激振力、附加质量和辐射阻尼进行了分析比较,研究了结构物不同淹没深度、不同截面形状以及结构不同特征参数对其水动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:当淹没水深增加,圆截面受到的波浪激振力和辐射阻尼都会随之减小,而附加质量的变化较小;对于椭圆和双圆截面的比较,水平方向椭圆截面所受波浪激振力和附加质量都比双圆截面小,而在垂直方向的波浪激振力和附加质量则较大,且椭圆截面所受的辐射阻尼比双圆截面在水平和垂直方向上均较大;对于双圆截面,结构物受到的水平方向上的波浪激振力和辐射阻尼随着中心距的增大而增大,在垂直方向则体现出相反的趋势,附加质量在两个方向上都均随着中心距的增大而减小。本研究计算结果可为悬浮隧道相关工程的截面选择提供参考。     

低Kc数时波浪中水平潜水圆柱体惯性系数的估算法

波浪作用在水平圆柱体上的惯性力在低Ｋｃ数时是随着Ｋｃ数的增加而明显地减小的。这种惯力力的迅速下降是由于绕柱体的环流所引起的。在规划波中统一水平柱体的环流强度可以利用一简单的脱涡模型近似地估算。根据这个模型可以导得惯性系数的计算公式：Ｃｍ＝２－（２／π＾２）Ｋｃ＾２用这个简单公式计算得到的结果与Ｋｃ数低于２．５时的一些试验结果吻合良好。在不规则波中水平圆柱体上作用的波浪力也可以用这个简单的脱涡模型进     

波浪冲击作用下海洋结构物的动力响应

通过对海洋结构物在波浪冲击作用下动力响应的试验研究,分析了波浪冲击作用下结构物最大动力响应及出现的时间。基于Fourier变换的频谱分析,得到了波浪冲击荷载作用下平台结构的水平和竖向振动特性。当入射波频率接近平台水平固有频率时,在水平方向会产生共振。结构物模型竖向刚度较大,试验中竖向不发生共振。     

气浮海洋平台的水动力系数分析

文中以某气浮结构平台为研究对象,基于三维势流理论通过MOSES对气浮体和实浮体在相同波浪下的响应、不同吃水下、不同水深下的下气浮结构的水动力系数进行了研究分析.分析结果表明：气浮体和实浮体在相同波浪条件下的响应是不同的,气浮体垂荡响应大于实浮体,而气浮体的摇摆响应和横荡响应要小于实浮体,气浮体内部气体具有减摇的作用;在相同的扰动波浪周期下,随着水深的增加,气浮体的水动力系数呈下降趋势;在相同的扰动波浪周期下,随着吃水的增加,垂荡的水动力系数呈下降的趋势,而横荡的水动力系数呈上升的趋势,对于纵摇的水动力系数影响不大.     

Experimental investigation on hydrodynamics of floating cylinder in oscillatory and steady flows by forced oscillation test

In this paper the hydrodynamic characteristics of a floating cylinder are investigated via forced oscillation experiments in towing tank. The effects of Keulegan–Carpenter number, Reynolds number, reduced velocity and overtopping on hydrodynamics of the floating cylinder in oscillatory and steady flow are studied. The results show a considerably difference of the hydrodynamic characters between the floating and the fully immerged cylinders due to the influences of free surface. The growth of the reduced velocity, a proven notable effect on hydrodynamics, will lead to the increase of added mass coefficient and the decrease of drag coefficient. Meanwhile the overtopping, a particular phenomenon for the floating cylinder, render the added mass coefficients reach up to 3.6 while for the drag coefficient small influences were made.     

有限深度均匀水流中圆柱横向阻力影响特性

为解决规则圆柱桩群阻力计算问题，以指导涉及规则圆柱桩群的物理模型试验和数值模拟计算等工作，在归纳总结已有研究成果的基础上，通过先进的数显式测力设备和较为准确的悬浮测力法，对有限深度均匀水流中多圆柱横向等间距不同方式的排列桩群进行了阻力测试研究，得出了有限深度均匀水流中圆柱横向阻力影响特性规律，并归纳总结出了圆柱横向阻力影响系数的经验公式。通过大量的测试试验数据证实了这些研究规律的准确性、有效性及实用性，对工程实践具有参考价值。     

基于DES方法的三维圆柱受迫振动数值模拟

基于OpenFOAM平台对雷诺数3900下的三维固定圆柱绕流和雷诺数30000下的三维圆柱受迫振动进行数值模拟,对湍流的模拟采用SA-DDES离散涡模型.针对三维圆柱绕流问题,采用PISO算法耦合求解速度-压力场,对圆柱绕流的基础参数如St数、平均阻力系数和平均升力系数等与试验进行了比较,结果吻合良好.针对三维圆柱受迫振动问题,采用PIMPLE算法耦合求解速度-压力场,对不同频率下振幅比为0.3的阻力系数、尾涡形态进行了计算,阻力平均系数与实验值相比吻合较好.     

Numerical investigation of mooring line damping and the drag coefficients of studless chain links

The chain/wire rope/chain combination is a commonchoice for mooring offshore floating platforms. However, data ofthe drag coefficients of chain links are rather limited, resulting inuncertainties with the calculations of the drag force, and hence thedamping of the mooring system. In this paper, the importance of theselection of the drag coefficient is first investigated. Thecomputational fluid dynamics （CFD） method is then used todetermine the drag coefficients of a studless chain under steadyflows. Numerical model validation is first completed by simulatinga smooth circular cylinder under steady flows. In particular, theperformance of different turbulence models is assessed through thecomparisons between the calculations and the experimental results.The large eddy simulation （LES） model is finally selected for thesimulation of steady flows past a chain. The effects of the Reynoldsnumber on the drag coefficient of a stud-less chain is also studied.The results show that the calculated drag coefficients of a stud-lesschain are fairly consistent with the available experimental data.     

The effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite circular cylinder with low aspect ratio

Vortex-induced motion is an oscillatory phenomenon which occurs to a floating body with low aspect ratio. The basic phenomenological study about the effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite fixed circular cylinder was investigated in this study using particle image velocimetry and hydrodynamic force measurement. It was found from the former experiment that the wake of the cylinder is influenced by the both end cell and free surface. Blowup and back flow are generated from the end cell, and their effects are suspended by free surface. The result of hydrodynamic force measurement showed the effect of Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio of the floating body on the hydrodynamic force. Fluctuating components of hydrodynamic coefficients decrease for increasing Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio. On the other hand, the mean drag coefficient increases as Froude number increases and decreases as the aspect ratio increases. The interpretation to these results was discussed in comparison with flow structures observed in the experiment. In addition, it was found that the effect of Reynolds number on the mean drag coefficient changes at different aspect ratios. A possible interpretation to this phenomenon was proposed.     

Experimental investigations on hydrodynamic interactions between the cylinder and nets of a typical offshore aquacultural structure in steady current

A series of physical experiments were performed in steady current to investigate the hydrodynamic interactions between the cylinder and nets which constitute a main part of offshore aquacultural platforms. The hydrodynamic characteristics of only the cylinder, only nets and combined cylinder-net structures are measured and analyzed systematically under different current velocities, inflow angles and solidity ratios of nets. Based on experimental data, fitted formulas for hydrodynamic coefficients of a single resin net are proposed and compared to previously published empirical formulas. It is observed that the existence of the cylinder brings an increment up to 9.2% to drag coefficient of net panels whose solidity ratios are higher than 0.347, whereas this effect is negligible for nets with lower solidity ratios and perpendicular to the inflow. For nets inclined with 45°, the increment of the drag coefficient of net panels due to the existence of the cylinder is more significant (up to 22.9%) than that for perpendicularly placed nets. Furthermore, the existence of nets also leads to a noticeable increase in the drag coefficient of the cylinder, up to 40.18% for a relatively large net solidity ratio of 0.458, representative of biofouling condition. The increment increases with the rise of the solidity ratio of nets and it is larger for nets placed perpendicularly to the inflow than inclined. Effects of the cylinder and nets on lift coefficients of each other are a bit complicated, leading to an increase or reduction of lift coefficients depending on the inflow velocity, inflow angle and net solidity ratios. Finally, it is worth noting that the hydrodynamic interaction between the cylinder and nets deserves to be considered in current practice of hybrid methods by combining potential flow theory, Morison and screen models for aquacultural structures, especially for biofouling conditions.     

Exciting forces for a wave energy device consisting of a pair of coaxial cylinders in water of finite depth

Two coaxial vertical cylinders-one is a riding hollow cylinder and the other a solid cylinder of greater radius at some distance above an impermeable horizontal bottom,were considered.This problem of diffraction by these two cylinders,which were considered as idealization of a buoy and a circular plate,can be considered as a wave energy device.The wave energy that is created and transferred by this device can be appropriately used in many applications in lieu of conventional energy.Method of separation of variables was used to obtain the analytical expressions for the diffracted potentials in four clearly identified regions.By applying the appropriate matching conditions along the three virtual boundaries between the regions,a system of linear equations was obtained,which was solved for the unknown coefficients.The potentials allowed us to obtain the exciting forces acting on both cylinders.Sets of exciting forces were obtained for different radii of the cylinders and for different gaps between the cylinders.It was observed that changes in radius and the gap had significant effect on the forces.It was found that mostly the exciting forces were significant only at lower frequencies.The exciting forces almost vanished at higher frequencies.The problem was also investigated for the base case of no plate arrangement,i.e.,the case having only the floating cylinder tethered to the sea-bed.Comparison of forces for both arrangements was carried out.In order to take care of the radiation of the cylinders due to surge motion,the corresponding added mass and the damping coefficients for both cylinders were also computed.All the results were depicted graphically and compared with available results.     

Towards a model of hydrodynamic damping for a circular cylinder with helical strakes at low KC

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic damping of a circular cylinder with helical strakes at Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number from 0.07 to 3 in the presence of steady currents. Experiments were performed with a straked cylinder oscillating in either in-line or cross currents over Reynolds number (based on the oscillating velocity amplitude) varying from 1260 to 54,000. With in-line current being present, the measured drag coefficients of the straked cylinder are found to depend on the ratio between the oscillating velocity amplitude and the steady current velocity. This phenomenon is further confirmed by computational fluid dynamics using large-eddy simulations. The drag coefficients obtained from the numerical simulations agree well with the experimentally determined values. Similar phenomenon is observed for the cases with cross background current. Based on the experimental data, empirical formulae are proposed to evaluate drag coefficients. These results are of importance in estimating the resonant motion and the fatigue life of risers, e.g. water intake risers, in the flow regime of low KC. Finally, recommendations are provided for fatigue analysis of risers with helical strakes from the perspective of engineering practice.     

旋转圆柱绕流的流场特性

在亚临界区Re=1.4×105条件下,基于大涡模拟（LES）方法对均匀来流作用下的旋转圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟。通过与非旋转时的实验和计算结果比较,验证了文中计算的准确性。在此基础上,对不同转速条件下（0≤α≤2,α为圆周线速度与自由来流速度的比值）的圆柱绕流进行了数值研究。结果表明,圆柱旋转可以有效地抑制其旋涡脱落,随着转速的增加,可大幅提高其升阻比,主要表现为阻力系数减小而升力系数线性增大。当α=2时,阻力系数和升力系数在经过短暂过渡期后达到稳定。     

淹没垂直圆柱横摇问题的解析研究

应用匹配特征函数展开法建立了有限水深淹没垂直圆柱横摇问题的解析解,通过与边界元方法的对比验证了该方法的正确性.基于上述模型,对淹没圆柱水动力系数进行了研究,结果表明,在大多数频率下,淹没圆柱的附加质量总是大于同样大小的漂浮圆柱,且在高频段近似为漂浮圆柱附加质量的两倍.当淹没深度较大时,圆柱附加质量趋向干常数,辐射阻尼趋...