基于多层面改进多域法的航行船舶时域水动力分析

针对航行船舶三维时域水动力分析问题，本文采用多域高阶边界元法（MDHOBEM, Multi-Domain Higher Order Boundary Element Method）开展研究，通过假设控制面，将计算域分为内域和外域两部分，内域采用Rankine面元法，外域使用自由面格林函数法，内外域联立求解。从内域、外域、波浪激励三个层面改进多域法的精度、计算效率，以适应不同工况需求。内域重新推导非线性边界条件，考虑入射波对绕辐射问题计算的影响，提高大幅波浪中运动计算精度；外域采用垂向积分形式自由面格林函数，提高格林函数积分计算的收敛性、稳定性及计算效率；波浪激励采用高阶谱（HOS, High Order Spectral）方法生成演化的波场，考虑波浪自身的非线性，提高对非线性现象的捕捉和模拟能力。以C11船为对象，研究内域非线性改进对船舶大幅运动计算精度的提高；以S175集装箱船为对象，验证外域垂向积分对运动及波阻增加计算效率和稳定性的提高；对比S175在线性波场和非线性波场中的运动，论证考虑非线性波场对运动计算的影响；以某内倾船为对象，研究不同层次改进对参数横摇现象捕捉的影响，验证非...     

限制水域船体水动力计算分析与 自由面数值阻尼的应用

当预报船体在狭窄航道或运河等限制水域运动时,需要考虑池壁效应对运动的影响。通过引入自由面池壁格林函数来考虑池壁效应,并通过切比雪夫多项式对其进行逼近,完成了自由面池壁格林函数的高效和高精度计算。文章通过算例与商业软件进行对比,并给出结果。为解决计算过程中存在的自由面的数值共振问题,通过在自由面施加人工数值阻尼,以保证浮体运动和自由面升高计算结果更符合实际情况。     

船舶有航速辐射问题的新实用数值方法

为解决船舶在波浪中以恒定速度运动的辐射问题,基于势流理论,采用三维瞬时自由面格林函数方法对船舶水动力问题进行求解。提出三维瞬时自由面格林函数波动项的新数值计算方法,并在大时间区域内基于精细积分法对三维瞬时自由面格林函数的波动项进行插值调用,最终提高波动时域格林函数的数值计算精度。对Wigley船型的水动力系数进行数值计算,并将附加质量和阻尼系数的数值计算结果与试验结果和参考文献进行对比,验证新数值计算方法的有效性。     

波浪中航行船舶水动力和运动分析的Rankine源高阶面元法研究

基于三维频域势流理论,采用计及定常绕流影响的物面和自由面条件,建立了求解波浪中航行船舶水动力和运动响应的Rankine源高阶面元法。采用九节点等参单元离散船体表面,引入Rayleigh人工阻尼项消除自由面截断处波浪的反射,并基于积分方法计算物面条件中的mj项。为了反映波浪自船头向船尾传播的特性,提高数值计算稳定性和精确性,采用二阶迎风差分格式处理自由面条件中速度势的二阶空间导数。选择不同的自由面范围和网格密度对船舶在典型工况下的水动力系数进行计算和分析,以确定达到收敛要求的离散参数取值。在此基础上,针对不同船型在不同遭遇频率下的水动力和运动响应进行数值预报,并将它们与试验及其它数值方法的结果进行对比,表明用该方法计算的结果与试验数据吻合良好。该方法与基于线性均流和常值单元离散的Rankine源法相比精度更高,对于船体外飘的船舶水动力计算要比移动脉动源法更为稳定。     

基于三维非线性区域分割法的船舶运动时域计算研究

基于三维势流理论,构建船舶在波浪中航行的非线性区域分割法。用假想的控制面将计算域分为内域和外域,其中外域采用自由面格林函数法,内域考虑自由面非线性,采用满足移动兴波线性化自由面条件的Rankine面元法,并通过过渡函数使内外域速度势及其导数在控制面上连续。内外域耦合求解得到扰动速度势及流体动压力。其中自由面运动学边界条件、动力学边界条件及物面条件m项中的移动兴波速度势及波面抬升是基于非线性兴波计算得到的,较线性化自由面条件更为精确。以数学船型Wigley-3为对象,讨论了不同因素对计算收敛性的影响,验证了该方法的可靠性和准确性;以S60和S175两种具有外飘的实际船型在波浪中的运动响应为例,将计算结果与试验及其他方法进行了对比,验证了三维时域非线性区域分割法在实船运动预报中的准确性。     

船体在波浪中的非线性水动压力

本文提出了一个预报船体在波浪中大幅运动时非线性水动压力场的二维时域理论。船体扰动势用时域自由面格林函数和在入射波下的瞬时湿表面上的分布源求解；与非线性水动压力场相匹配的船体运动用差分法求得。为提高计算效率和避免数值过程发散，采用了改进的数值模型和方案。通过线性理论计算与模型试验结果的比较，指出了线性切片理论在预报水动压力场时的不足，水动压力与波高的非线性关系及正负水动压力沿船体表面的分布在Wigley船的计算比较中得到了说明。初步计算表明，该理论的实用化发展前景是令有鼓舞的。相应的计算机程序可在PC机上运行。     

基于机器学习的三维频域格林函数递推预报与应用

频域自由面格林函数法在船体水动力的求解中具有重要应用价值,求解的关键在于自由面格林函数本身及其偏导数的计算。论文分析了自由面格林函数与其偏导数之间的关系,提出了基于机器学习的格林函数及其偏导数的递推预报方法,称为脉动源递推预报方法。研究了在不同参数设置下用该方法预报格林函数的精度和效率,并将其应用于S175船的水动力计算。计算得到的自由面格林函数的精度在10^-3～10^-6;计算效率优于数值方法,与解析方法相当;水动力计算结果准确,计算方法具有实用价值。     

KCS迎浪中耐波性的CFD数值模拟

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件STAR-CCM,对国际集装箱标模KCS在迎浪规则波中的运动响应和波浪增阻等主要耐波性能进行数值计算。采用动态重叠网格处理船体运动,同时利用VOF方法模拟自由面波形演化情况。计算结果显示:动态重叠网格具有较强的适应性,能较好地处理船体的大幅运动,计算得到的船体运动幅值能与试验结果相一致,静水和波浪中的阻力计算结果与试验结果能较好地吻合;从自由面波形方面看,KCS船体兴波与来波存在较强的相互干扰,当波峰撞击船首时,波面起伏较大,数值计算能较好地模拟这些流动现象。     

深水波频域格林函数及其高阶导数算法研究

文章研究了无限水深自由面格林函数一种新的算法,该算法将计算域重新划分为五个子区域,在每一个子区域内只涉及级数展开,没有使用插值表及数值积分,与现有格林函数算法相比,不仅给出一阶导数值,而且能高效地计算二阶导数,这在格林函数微分方程求解及高阶面元法中非常有用.数值结果表明,该方法计算速度快且一阶导数和二阶导数的计算精度达到10-9.     

半潜式钻井平台波浪散射力与运动响应分析

文章对半潜式钻井平台(Semi-Submersible)在波浪作用下的散射波浪力和运动响应进行了分析研究,研究中采用了基于波浪辐射、绕射理论的三维有限水深格林函数方法.为了保证这种大型复杂海工结构物计算结果的高精度,研究中对于边界积分方程的离散求解采用了考虑几何对称性的高阶边界元算法.通过对计算结果的比较分析,对这种型式的钻井平台的波浪力和运动响应有了一个全面的认识,对结构设计有很好的参考价值.     

A B-spline method used to calculate added resistance in waves

Making an exact computation of added resistance in sea waves is of high interest due to the economic effects relating to ship design and operation. In this paper, a B-spline based method is developed for computation of added resistance. Based on the potential flow assumption, the velocity potential is computed using Green's formula. The Kochin function is applied to compute added resistance using Maruo's far-field method, the body surface is described by a B-spline curve and potentials and normal derivation of potentials are also described by B-spline basis functions and B-spline derivations. A collocation approach is applied for numerical computation, and integral equations are then evaluated by applying Gauss–Legendre quadrature. Computations are performed for a spheroid and different hull forms; results are validated by a comparison with experimental results. All results obtained with the present method show good agreement with experimental results.     

Ship motion-sloshing interaction using a field method

Even in relatively calm waters, low amplitude wave-induced motions of an LNG carrier may induce large amplitude liquid sloshing inside the ship's partially filled tanks, and the interaction between ship motions and sloshing may affect the ship's seekeeping properties. A computational procedure, here referred to as the RANS-RANS method, was developed to account for this interaction, and this method was then employed to predict the free surface flow inside the tanks and the corresponding motions of the ship in regular head and beam waves. This method coupled a compressible VoF technique with a generic wave generation and absorption scheme to obtain wave-induced ship motions with and without considering the effects of sloshing in the ship's tanks. Systematic grid studies were performed to obtain a sufficiently fine grid needed to yield converging predictions. The resulting wave patterns, ship motions, and internal sloshing elevations were compared with results obtained from a computational method, here referred to as the RANS-BEM method, that relied on a boundary element method to obtain ship motions. This RANS-RANS method was validated against model test measurements.     

Difference in ship motion and wave load in long and short crested irregular waves北大核心CSCD

[Objective]To investigate ship motion and load responses in realistic 3D waves and overcome the limitations of the traditional 2D wave assumption, this paper develops a method for predicting ship motion and load responses in short-crested waves. [Method]The long- and short-term responses of ship motion and load in long- and short-crested waves are numerically predicted using the spectral analysis and statistical probability methods, respectively. The influence of directional function on ship response is also numerically analyzed. Moreover, tank model tests and a large-scale model sea trial are comparatively conducted to validate the difference between ship response and statistics in long- and short-crested irregular waves. [Results]The results show that when navigating against the waves in the same sea condition, the long-crested wave assumption overestimates the statistical mean value of ship load response, but underestimates extreme load in real seas. For long-crested waves, the ship motion and acceleration power spectrum is concentrated around a certain frequency band. [Conclusion]Ship motion and load responses in realistic 3D waves are significantly different from those in 2D long-crested waves. The directional function of short-crested waves also has a significant effect on ship motion and load responses. © 2023 The Author(s).     

采用THOBEM方法研究波流与结构物相互作用的数值模拟(英文)

To study wave-current actions on 3-D bodies a time-domain numerical model was established using a higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM). By assuming small flow velocities, the velocity potential could be expressed for linear and higher order components by perturbation expansion. A 4th-order Runge-Kutta method was applied for time marching. An artificial damping layer was adopted at the outer zone of the free surface mesh to dissipate scattering waves. Validation of the numerical method was carried out on run-up, wave exciting forces, and mean drift forces for wave-currents acting on a bottom-mounted vertical cylinder. The results were in close agreement with the results of a frequency-domain method and a published time-domain method. The model was then applied to compute wave-current forces and run-up on a Seastar mini tension-leg platform.     

CFD simulation of 3-dimensional motion of a ship in waves: application to an advancing ship in regular heading waves

A new computational fluid dynamics simulation method has been developed for the unsteady motion of a ship advancing in waves. The objective is to evaluate the added resistance and predict the performance of a ship in waves. In this study, a finite volume method, in the framework of a boundary-fitted grid system, is employed. The motion of the ship is solved with six degrees of freedom by using the hydrodynamic forces and moments obtained from the solution of the simulation method. The marker–density–function method is employed to calculate the nonlinear free surface. This method is applied to the coupled motion problem of heaving and pitching. Received for publication on Nov. 15, 1999; accepted on Nov. 18, 1999     

波浪中母船干扰下潜水员梯的运动及水动力特性分析

潜水员梯是通过销轴连接在母船舷侧为潜水员执行潜水作业时上下船的平台,为保证在波浪中使用时的安全性,对其波浪作用力、运动响应及销轴处的动作用载荷设计有较高要求。为研究母船干扰下潜水员梯的动态响应特性,采用基于深水格林函数为积分内核的边界元方法,先计算母船及潜水梯这一整体的运动响应及其平均湿表面的辐射和绕射压力分布,依据刚体运动合成原理求解得到潜水梯重心处的运动。再以潜水员梯为研究对象,采用压力积分方法获得潜水员梯的波浪力作用,并将其运动、波浪力和销轴处的作用力联立构成动力学平衡方程,逆向求解出销轴处的动作用力。基于上述思路,系统研究了波长、航速及潜水员梯与母船相对位置变化时潜水员梯的运动、波浪作用力及销轴处作用力的变化规律,为潜水员梯的布置、销轴的选型及潜水作业时母船的操纵可提供指导意义。     

Evaluation of added resistance in regular incident waves by computational fluid dynamics motion simulation using an overlapping grid system

A computational fluid dynamics simulation method called WISDAM-X was developed to evaluate the added resistance of ships in waves. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation was solved by the finite-volume method and a MAC-type solution algorithm. An overlapping grid system was employed to implement rigorous wave generation, the interactions of ships with incident waves, and the resultant ship motions. The motion of the ship is simultaneously solved by combining the solution of the motion of the ship with the solution of the flow about the ship. The free surface is captured by treatment by the density-function method. The accuracy of WISDAM-X is examined by a comparison with experimental data from a container carrier hull form, and shows a fairly good agreement with respect to ship motion and added resistance. Simulations were also conducted for a bow-form series of a medium-speed tanker to examine the effectiveness of the WISDAM-X method as a design tool for a hull form with a smaller resistance in waves. It was confirmed that the WISDAM-X method can evaluate the added resistance with sufficient relative accuracy and can be used as a design tool for ships.     

基于船模水池试验的船舶顺浪纯稳性损失计算扩展模式

船舶顺浪航行的纯稳性损失研究,已成为国际航海界和国际海事组织(IMO)关注的课题之一.在Ю.И.涅查耶夫根据28艘渔船和运输船船模水池试验的船舶顺浪纯稳性损失计算方法的基础上,提出了扩展模式,扩大了其适用范围,并给出了大长宽比(船长/船宽)舰艇纯稳性损失的算例,同时实现了该扩展模式的程序化,生成了实用化的软件.最后通过与CFD试验方法和一般理论计算法所得结果的对比,验证了该扩展模式计算结果的可信度.     

斜壁结构的水动力收敛方法研究

在分析波浪中的船舶运动或者计算大型结构的水动力系数时,往往采用时域格林函数方法。时域格林函数的一个重要局限性在于它在计算具有倾斜壁面的水动力系数时,结果很容易发散。时域格林函数本身的奇异性以及高频振动特性显然是水动力发散的一个重要原因。但即使该奇异性通过增加粘性以及表面张力的方式使之消失,计算具有斜壁结构的水动力时,发散现象依然存在。因此,该文提出一种滤波方法,除去时域格林函数的高频部分,留下其低频部分,并定义滤波系数,从而使作用于斜壁结构上的水动力值收敛。通过文中结果与频域兴波格林函数法的比较来确定最优滤波系数。结果表明：最优滤波系数几乎与运动幅值无关,但会受到运动频率以及物面形状的影响。     

Acoustic excitation of hull surfaces by propeller sources

We present preliminary results from our new ship motion model that includes both strong and weak three-dimensional interactions between environmental surface waves and ship bodies in arbitrary water depth. The linear solutions of steady flow using the new model agree well with those obtained using the Green function methods. When the Froude number Fn is large, the fully nonlinear solutions of our model are significantly different from linear solutions, even in calm water. The interactions between the ship and incident gravity waves are completely different from those in linear solutions even with small Fn and moderate-amplitude surface waves (e.g., Fn = 0.25 and a significant wave height of about 1–3m).