基于灰色多层次综合评价模型的捷联惯性导航系统评估方法

针对捷联惯性导航系统层次结构复杂、影响因素较多、单一指标难以全面准确评估其综合性能的问题,提出了基于灰色多层次综合评价模型的捷联惯性导航系统评估方法。首先从舰船使用角度出发,构建了捷联惯性导航系统的评价指标体系,然后根据捷联惯性导航系统的结构特点,将灰色多层次综合评估模型应用于捷联惯性导航系统的评估中,最后仿真试验证明了方法的有效性。     

基于AHP的光学捷联惯导系统综合评价

文章研究层次分析法（AHP）在光学捷联惯性导航系统综合评价中的应用,从舰船使用角度出发,研究给出光学捷联惯性导航系统的评价指标体系,并在此基础上研究光学捷联惯性导航系统的综合评价方法。文中首先用层次分析法确定光学捷联惯性导航系统指标权重,最终确定方案的综合评价值。为我国舰船系统的方案设计提供评价依据和考核手段,进一步提高我国舰船系统的论证质量和水平,也为其它舰船装备的评估研究提供技术支持。     

船用捷联惯性导航系统在线误差校正算法设计及仿真*

针对捷联惯性导航系统的长期精度不能满足舰载应用的问题,设计了利用罗经的航向信息及多谱勒计程仪的速度信息,通过卡尔曼滤波,在线校正捷联惯性导航系统误差的软件算法,并进行了计算机仿真。     

捷联惯性导航系统安装误差分析

捷联惯性导航系统（SINS）现已广泛装备于各类载体上,但由于惯性测量装置直接安装在载体上,安装误差的存在会影响惯性器件的输出,进而影响系统的导航精度。因此对捷联惯性导航系统安装误差进行分析,对于减小惯性器件输出误差,提高载体的定位精度具有极其重要的作用。对捷联惯性导航系统主要误差模型进行深入分析的基础上,对惯性器件的两类主要误差影响进行了分析讨论,并通过仿真试验对分析结果进行了验证。     

船用激光陀螺惯导单轴旋转系统

分析了激光陀螺惯性测量单元(IMU)单轴旋转自动补偿原理,建立了单轴旋转式捷联惯导系统数学模型,通过分析惯性测量组件的误差模型和旋转式捷联系统误差传播方程,解释了误差补偿机理。针对船用惯性导航系统的应用要求,设计了基于四位置转停的船用激光陀螺捷联式惯性导航系统,对导航系统的总体方案、原理方案和转位方式进行了论述,通过仿真验证了设计方案的有效性。     

基于虚拟现实的导航试验系统

为了加快惯性导航系统的开发,设计了一种基于虚拟现实的惯导试验系统,用于捷联惯性导航系统设计及测试。详细介绍了系统的结构及功能组成,探讨了系统的虚拟现实建模方法和视景生成过程。并为系统建立了基于真实地形信息的三维地形,利用虚拟现实工具软件Vega完成了系统的视景仿真。结果表明该系统能使研究人员直观地考察导航过程、船体姿态,且画面逼真、流畅,为舰载捷联惯性导航系统的快速开发及算法的研究提供了有力的工具。     

DSP在鱼雷捷联惯导系统中的应用

导航与控制系统是现代鱼雷不可缺少的重要组成部分,文章介绍了捷联惯性导航系统导航原理及在鱼雷导航系统中的应用,为了捷联惯性导航系统的数学平台的计算准确性,将DSP芯片用于该系统。设计了系统电路和系统程序。通过用DSP芯片对惯性器件的信息进行处理,用可编程器件进行逻辑电路的实现,简化电路,提高系统的运算性能、可靠性和灵活性...     

采用捷联惯导技术测量高速列车姿态

对几种常见的载体姿态测量方法进行了对比;介绍了平台式与捷联式惯性导航系统在姿态测量等方面的优缺点,并给出捷联惯导技术的姿态解算方法.     

船用捷联惯性系统多功能通用化接口的研制

船用捷联式惯性导航系统以其结构简单，性能可靠，成本低等特点，已引起我国有关部门广泛重视并开始进入工程实用，本文针对捷联惯性系统中实时计算机对接口及数据采集的性能要求进行了详细分析，给出了一个基于１５０芯加固机多线标准的多功能通用接口的设计，该设计方案现已工程样机调试。     

船用捷联式惯性导航系统仿真器的设计和研究

本文针对船用捷联式惯导系统的特点介绍了船用捷联式惯导系统仿真器硬件和软件的组成及其主要工作原理。此仿真器不仅能在实验室条件下模拟出船用捷联式惯导系统的各种工作环境,还可以模拟惯性仪表的测量噪声,从而帮助研究设计人员对惯性导航系统的算法进行误差分析,是船用捷联式惯导系统的一种重要调试工具。     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

长江口南汇边滩短期冲淤变化分析

南汇边滩位于长江口和杭州湾的交汇地带,受长江口和杭州湾北岸两股潮流的控制,近年来由于低潮滩促淤围垦工程导致其水流和泥沙运移、沉积和地貌发生了显著的变化。根据2006—2008年南汇边滩测图及2007年11月—2008年11月每个季度的9个断面测量资料,结合区域内的泥沙沉积特征,探讨南汇边滩对周边涉水围垦工程和流域来水来沙变异做出适应性地貌耦合过程之后的近期冲淤演变规律,着重探讨季节性冲淤特征。结果表明:年度上南汇东滩以淤长为主,南汇南滩以冲刷为主。不同季节南汇边滩冲淤变化过程存在很大差异:平面上,南汇边滩等深线夏、冬季以淤进为主,春、秋季以蚀退为主;垂向上,南汇东滩断面呈春夏秋冲淤交替、冬季淤积的态势,南汇嘴断面呈秋季冲刷、冬夏季淤积的态势,而位于南汇南滩的断面则呈秋冬季冲刷、春夏季淤积态势。南汇东滩沉积物粒径总体上较细,东滩与南滩交汇处的南汇嘴附近中值粒径相对较粗,南汇南滩浅滩沉积物颗粒中值粒径最粗。     

In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment

The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean.     

无人船在港口水域海事监管中的应用探讨

近年来,随着与船舶自主航行相关的信息技术、人工智能技术水平的提高,无人船舶行业取得了长足的发展,其在海上安保、环境监测等领域应用也越来越成熟。为推动无人船在海事管理方面的应用研究,破解港口水域海事监管手段不足的瓶颈问题,文中在分析港口水域海事监管特点和无人船系统建设条件的基础上,定量研究了无人船在港口水域海事监管应用面临的性能指标确定、船型平台选择、载荷设备搭配、运行管理体系建设等方面的具体问题,提出了一种港口水域海事监管无人船系统的应用解决方案。     

航道护岸工程中基槽边坡稳定研究

航道护岸工程中经常发生基槽边坡滑坡失稳事故，从而造成经济和安全问题。因此，就滑坡发生机理进行研究对保障航道护岸工程顺利建设有重大意义。从极限平衡原理出发，分别运用Fellenius法和Bishop法验算了苏北某航道护岸工程开挖边坡的设计稳定性，并分析比较两种方法的差异，得出了在多层土的计算中有时会出现Fellenius法比Bishop法的安全系数略大的结论。结合工程实际中可能出现的渗流和超载等因素，计算得到边坡安全系数的变化规律和极限平衡状态时的临界负荷，从而提出了相应的预防渗流、控制超载等措施，可以为航道护岸建设提供参考。     

宁波舟山港岛屿岸线的利用和整治

针对宁波舟山港岛屿岸线利用开发所遇到的问题,总结宁波舟山港选址和建设码头的经验,对宁波舟山地区港口建设码头选址过程中遇到的各类岛屿岸线问题进行分析,提出采用顺流连岛、炸礁清障、导流堤整治水流、避开转流回流段等整治措施,得出宁波舟山港地区码头选址可采用的有效整治利用岸线的方法。认为:宁波舟山港岛屿岸线整治和利用须使得该段岸线前的往复潮流主轴线基本顺直,避免转流和回流岸段。     

Seasonal variation of riverine nutrient inputs in the northern Bay of Biscay (France), and patterns of marine phytoplankton response

Seasonal variations in nutrient inputs are described for the main rivers (Loire and Vilaine) flowing into the northern Bay of Biscay. The river plumes are high in N/P ratio in late winter and spring, but not in the inner plume during the summer. Conservative behavior results in most nutrients entering the estuary and eventually reaching the coastal zone. Temporal and spatial aspects of phytoplankton growth and nutrient uptake in the northern Bay of Biscay distinguish the central area of salinity 34 from the plume area. The first diatom bloom appears offshore in late winter, at the edge of the river plumes, taking advantage of haline stratification and anticyclonic “weather windows.” In spring, when the central area of the northern shelf is phosphorus-limited, small cells predominate in the phytoplankton community and compete with bacteria for both mineral and organic phosphorus. At that period, river plumes are less extensive than in winter, but local nutrient enrichment at the river mouth allows diatom growth. In summer, phytoplankton become nitrogen-limited in the river plumes; the central area of the shelf is occupied by small forms of phytoplankton, which are located on the thermocline and use predominantly regenerated nutrients.     

Can Coastal Management Programs Protect and Promote Water-Dependent Uses?

Anecdotal evidence indicates that commercial and recreational water-dependent uses have been under development pressure in recent years, and in some cases have been converted to other uses. The conversion of water-dependent uses, which range from commercial shipyards to recreational marinas, may have many public costs, including the loss of access to public trust waters, the loss of jobs and associated economic activity, and the loss of traditional working waterfronts. This two-part study investigated the role of five coastal management programs in the northeastern United States in managing, monitoring, and protecting water-dependent uses. First, coastal managers in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York and New Jersey were interviewed to assess the conversion problem. Second, in collaboration with New York City-based Regional Plan Association, follow-up interviews were conducted with coastal managers and local planners in Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey to gain greater insight into the role of coastal management programs and local governments in managing and promoting water-dependent uses. This article presents select findings from this study and discusses recommendations for improving the capacity of coastal management programs and local governments to manage water-dependent uses for the benefit of the public.     

港珠澳大桥对伶仃洋水沙环境的影响

利用珠江口伶仃洋海域实测水文、泥沙及水深测量等现场实测资料分析,建立了南起万山群岛、北至虎门、东起汲水门、西至珠海—澳门的港珠澳大桥整体物理模型,研究工程实施对伶仃洋诸港口、伶仃航道、铜鼓航道及附近海域流场、潮位和水深变化的影响。结果表明:港珠澳大桥实施对潮流、潮位的影响仅在桥轴线上下游各4 km的范围内,对伶仃航道、铜鼓航道通航基本没有影响。     

半刚性基层沥青铺面结构在集装箱港区道路中的应用

将半刚性基层沥青铺面结构应用于上海外高桥集装箱港区道路,在国内尚属首创。针对港区道路的特点,结合上海地区水文、地质和建材供应条件及港区生产使用功能要求,通过调查分析和总结集装箱港区已建类似工程道路铺面结构使用情况,分析论证相关施工技术方案,并进行必要的试验,对于半刚性基层沥青铺面结构在应用过程中遇到的各种技术问题,提出了较系统的处理办法。