软土地基大直径超长钢管桩试验研究

通过对海南洋浦港软土地基中桩长74 m、桩径1.5 m的大直径超长钢管桩的高应变全程动测、压桩试验、拔桩试验和桩身轴力测试,探讨深厚入土地基层中大直径超长钢管桩工程性状和压桩及拔桩土侧阻力的分布规律,得出如下结论:1)同一土层侧阻力随着入土深度的增加而递增,一定深度后,其增幅减缓,趋向稳定;2)深厚软土地基中,大直径超长钢管桩拔桩和压桩侧阻力的比值为56.9%~75.0%;3)只有桩端位移达到1.1%~1.3%桩径时候,软土地基大直径超长钢管桩能充分发挥桩端土阻力,此时端阻力值约为承载力的19%。这对软土地基中的超长大直径超长钢管桩的理论研究和工程应用具有指导作用。     

含黏性土圆砾层桩端后压浆灌注桩的承载特性现场试验研究

基于台州湾大桥及接线工程的3根钻孔灌注桩,通过对采用U型管法的桩端后压浆钻孔灌注桩进行现场静载荷试验,研究桩端后压浆对含黏性土圆砾层钻孔灌注桩的承载特性,试验结果表明,在含黏性土圆砾层中桩端后压浆钻孔灌注桩随着桩顶沉降的增加,其承载力能显著提高,且在达到极限状态时,极限承载力的提高幅度至少67%;桩端压浆后端阻力提高幅度为125.09%~146.36%,且端阻力占极限承载力的比值有很大提高,表明采用U型管法的桩端后压浆对含黏性土圆砾土层具有明显的增强作用。此外,在含黏性土圆砾土层中采用桩端后压浆技术不仅可以通过增强端阻力来提升桩基极限承载力,还能提高桩身总侧阻力,并对桩基的荷载传递特性产生明显影响。     

软岩地层灌注桩抗压与抗拔承载性分析

纳米比亚油码头软岩地层无经验参数可取。根据1根抗压桩和1根压拔桩现场静载试验和应力测试结果,分析软岩地层中抗压桩和抗拔桩的侧阻和端阻,得出抗拔桩的上部砂土及粉土层中抗拔系数以及Q-s曲线呈缓变形的抗拔桩极限承载力取值。结果表明:上部砂土及粉土层中抗压桩的桩侧摩阻力充分发挥所需桩土相对位移为9~15 mm,单位侧摩阻力极限值可取30.1~48.1 k Pa;下部软岩侧摩阻力充分发挥所需的桩土相对位移大于40 mm;对2根桩的抗压过程,在最大加载条件下,实测桩端阻力分别为桩顶荷载的22.3%、27.3%,表现为摩擦型桩。采用双曲线模型预测抗拔桩极限承载力为4 896.7 k N。     

深厚软土地基钢管桩静载试验研究

通过对软土地基中1根桩长52.5 m、桩径1 m的钢管桩的压桩试验、拔桩试验和水平静载试验,探讨软土地基中钢管桩工程性状和分布规律。结果表明:软土地基钢管桩水平静载试验的最大弯矩值在泥面以下2倍桩径处,且不随着荷载的增加而改变;软土地基的水平静载试验,按照按泥面位移10 mm进行位移控制时,其m值可取3 500 kN/m~4;软土地基由于侧阻力较小,压桩试验时,传递至桩底的轴力值与桩顶荷载的比例可达30%,而拔桩时,该值为12%左右。     

乐清湾大桥超长大直径后压浆灌注桩的自平衡试验研究

基于乐清湾大桥及接线工程的1根超长大直径钻孔灌注桩,通过对桩端后压浆钻孔灌注桩进行自平衡试验,研究桩端后压浆对含黏性土角砾层超长大直径钻孔灌注桩的承载变形特性。结果表明,桩端压力浆液上返能有效地改善了下段桩的桩土边界条件,并增大了桩侧剪切界面阻力和粗糙度,使得下段桩桩侧摩阻力提高了66.67%,且对桩的荷载传递特性产生明显影响;在含黏性土角砾层中桩端后压浆钻孔灌注桩承载力随着桩顶沉降的增加而增加,且在达到极限状态时,极限承载力的可提高幅度58.14%,端阻力可提高幅度60.64%。此外,在含黏性土角砾层中采用桩端后压浆技术不仅可以通过增强端阻力来提升桩基极限承载力,还能提高桩侧摩阻力,且桩侧摩阻力的提高也成为提升桩基承载力的主要原因。     

海上密实碎石土持力层钢管桩沉桩及承载特性试验研究

由于缺乏海相密实碎石土持力层中钢管桩的工程实例及研究，依托秘鲁某港口工程，研究碎石土持力层中钢管桩的沉桩及承载特性。在国内开展模拟试验，获得模拟沉桩参数后，进行沉桩可打性分析及完善施工策划，随后在现场进行试沉桩、高应变和静载试验并测试侧阻力与端阻力。结果表明：开口钢管桩在进入密实碎石土持力层后，其承载力、单位面积侧阻力和端阻力将随入土深度增加而增大，但增大幅度会逐渐减小；但在进入持力层1 m后沉桩变得困难，此后碎石土的单位面积端阻力将逐渐稳定，其单位面积极限端阻力不小于10.5 MPa；钢管桩的端阻力主要由桩端阻力提供，土塞承载力提供的反力较小，开口管桩土塞系数取相对低值。     

湛江深厚老黏土地区钢管桩沉桩规律

对湛江老黏土地基5个工程钢管桩施工进行总结,得出以下结论:老黏土地区持力层宜选择50击的中粗砂层或者40击以上黏土层,此时基桩承载力恢复系数为1.26~1.40,比一般黏性土高;打桩锤宜选择D128、D138柴油锤,二档档位终锤贯入度宜为2~5 mm击,三档档位终锤贯入度为6~10 mm击,能量传递系数为28.5%~47.6%;当持力层和桩锤符合上述情况时,直径在1 000~1 400 mm的钢管桩总锤击数小于2 500的占统计83.8%,打桩效率最高。     

东非珊瑚礁砾砂地区PHC桩静载荷试验研究

珊瑚礁砾砂层在肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚等东非国家普遍存在，且埋藏较浅。该地区某水工项目为高桩梁板式结构，采用PHC桩作为桩基础。通过对项目桩长45 m、桩径800 mm；桩长39 m、桩径1 000 mm的2根PHC试验桩进行沉桩规律总结，并对试验桩进行高应变测试、海上锚桩法压桩静载荷试验、拔桩试验和侧摩阻力试验，探讨了珊瑚礁砾砂岩层PHC桩基桩的持力层选择、压向/拔向侧阻力折减系数及与规范中的强风化软质岩侧阻力值对比，为该地区PHC桩沉桩施工及理论研究提供指导。     

密实含砂碎石和卵石地层钢管桩沉桩试验研究

钢管桩是海洋工程最广泛采用的桩型,复杂地层条件下钢管桩沉桩施工往往具有较大的难度。依托实际工程,基于地层原位试验、沉桩模型试验、基桩可打性分析、现场足尺试验,开展密实含砂碎石和卵石地层钢管桩沉桩施工试验研究。结果表明：1）采用人工模拟地层进行模型试验,桩侧土摩阻力试验结果应适当提高。2）密实含砂碎石和卵石地层中钢管桩桩端闭塞系数可取0.7～1.0、桩侧单位面积摩阻力可取225 kPa、桩端单位面积阻力可取不低于13 MPa。3）密实含砂碎石和卵石地层中钢管桩振动和冲击法沉桩困难,为达到设计入土深度可能需要通过恰当的方法清除桩内部分土塞。     

极密实粉细砂层大直径钢管桩桩基参数分析

现行桩基规范缺少极密实粉细砂层桩端阻力和桩侧阻力的规定。结合某海港工程钢管桩基静载及高应变检测,探讨大直径钢管桩在极密实粉细砂层中的桩侧阻力和桩端阻力。高应变检测结果显示,极密实粉细砂层单位面积桩侧阻力范围为93～120. 01 k Pa,平均值为106. 6 kPa,1 500 mm钢管桩桩端阻力范围6. 742～6. 845 MN,平均值6. 780 MN。针对国内外规范对桩基承载力的估算计算结果进行分析,建议极密实粉细砂层桩侧阻力值取90～120 kPa,桩端阻力值取8～12 MPa。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.