基于精细积分的结构主动最优控制算法

为了提高结构控制算法的计算精度,基于动力系统精细算法及结构主动控制原理,对结构瞬时优化闭环及开闭环控制算法进行了改进.与结构控制方程传统的解法不同,改进算法无需求解动力状态矩阵的特征向量及其特征值,从而能提高结构瞬时优化控制精度.作为算例,用此算法对结构进行了控制仿真.结果表明,改进算法是收敛的,对时间步长不敏感,而且精度易于控制.     

Particle swarm approach for structural optimization of battleship strength deck under air blast

This paper presents the implementation and application of a modified particle swarm optimization （PSO） method with dynamic adaption for optimum design of a battleship strength deck subjected to non-contact explosion. The numerical simulation process is modified to be more computationally efficient so that the task is realizable. The input variables are the thickness of plates and the dimensions of stiffeners, and the total structural mass is chosen as the fitness value. In another case, the response surface method （RSM） is introduced and combined with PSO （PSO-RSM）, and the results are compared with those obtained by the traditional PSO approach. It is indicated that the PSO method can be well applied in the optimum design of explosion-loaded deck structures and the PSO-RSM methodology can rapidly yield optimum designs with sufficient accuracy.     

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

多目标模糊优化问题的神经网络解法

基于函数联接神经网络，提出了一种解决工程结构多目标模糊优化问题的新算法。该算法以设计人员对目标函数值的满意程度作学习样本，采用神经网络取代传统的隶属度函数，从而较好地解决了隶属函数的描述问题。在解决多目标模糊优化问题中，该算法较传统算法具有更大的灵活性。     

基于区间数距离的铁路线路方案决策模型与方法

为了研究铁路选线方案决策中定量指标与定性指标难以综合评价的系统量化问题,引入区间数理论,建立了基于区间数距离的铁路线路方案决策优化模型. 首先将选线方案中的定量和定性指标转化为区间数,得到区间数决策矩阵;然后对决策矩阵进行规范化处理得到规范化区间数决策矩阵;接着利用区间数距离法计算评价指标的权重,构造加权规范化决策矩阵;再基于加权规范化决策矩阵,利用区间数距离对决策方案排序择优,得出综合比选结果;最后结合工程比选实例验证了模型的作业程式. 结果研究表明:该模型在将含有不确定性信息的定性指标进行量化时,比传统的AHP方法可减少主观原因对决策结果的影响,尤其是指标权重的计算结果更可靠;在进行决策方案排序择优时比利用传统的投影法计算更为简便.      

桥梁结构非线性模型修正研究综述

针对桥梁服役期间由于结构力学性能减弱从而表现出具有时变特征的非线性振动问题,在回顾非线性模型修正发展的基础上,分别从非线性系统识别、非线性模型修正方法和非线性模型不确定性量化3个方面入手,总结了结构非线性模型修正技术中存在的一些关键问题;结合复杂结构损伤识别、性能评估与安全监测等内容,对其在桥梁结构中的应用展开了讨论。研究结果表明:以固有频率和模态振型为代表的响应特征量仅能反映时不变结构的物理特性,对于非线性结构而言其力学性能随外激励作用而不断变化,基于线性系统特征量的模型修正方法不能很好地适用于具有明显时变特性的非线性结构;结构动力响应主分量的瞬时频率和瞬时幅值包含了振动响应信号的相位信息和幅值信息,可以较为全面地反映动力荷载作用下结构响应的非平稳特性,选择具有时变特性的瞬时特征量来构建目标函数能够更为合理地表征非线性结构的动力特性;不确定性模型修正方法通过综合利用实测响应数据,考虑了测量噪声、模型误差和数值计算方法等不确定因素的影响,提高了模型修正结果的准确性;复杂结构非线性模型修正过程中涉及的参数众多,计算量大,极大地限制了其在实际工程结构中的应用,因此,合理选择具有代表性的非线性模型参数以及提高模型修正的计算效率是当前亟需解决的问题。      

Topology-based quantitative assessment of structural robustness

Local damages to a structure will cause disproportional collapse if the system is lack of robustness. This structural safety cannot be guaranteed by traditional ways, such as reliability analysis tools and construction management approaches. Therefore, it is very important to develop related theories for structural robustness. This paper presents a methodology to quantitatively assess the structural robustness from the topological point of view. In the proposed method, the structural failure is viewed as a feedback process. The transformations between the damage input and failure output form a closed-loop. The decisive factor of the operation of such a closed-loop is thought as the structural topology. Furthermore, the damage input and the failure output of the structure are measured by the uncertain disturbance and the change of the topology, respectively. After the sensitivity of the structural topology to the uncertain disturbance is studied, the transfer matrix is discovered to indicate the rationality of the topological relationship. The importance of each loading path, the structural robustness and the most vulnerable part of the system can be found concisely in accordance with this matrix.     

基于修正巴兰金理论的结构拓扑优化方法

为了探索具有工程实用性的结构优化新方法,应用渐进结构优化方法(ESO)对结构进行基于应力的拓扑优化.通过对巴兰金强度理论的修正,用单轴拉压极限应力比和单元主应力衡量单元应力水平,建立了一种基于修正巴兰金理论的渐进结构优化方法.算例表明,该方法可用于二维和三维结构的拓扑优化.     

结构几何参数对悬索桥主缆线形影响分析

以武汉阳逻长江大桥为例,结合悬索桥主缆线形分析的解析法中传统的抛物线线形计算理论,对悬索桥的结构几何参数进行敏感性分析,可明确各参数对悬索桥主缆线形的影响程度,从而为相关设计提供参考。     

First passage probability of structures under non-Gaussian stochastic behavior

An analytical moment-based method was proposed for calculating first passage probability of structures under non-Ganssian stochastic behaviour. In the method, the third-moment standardization that constants can be obtained from first three-order response moments was used to map a non-Ganssian structural response into a standard Gaussian process; then the mean up-crossing rates, the mean clump size and the initial passage probability of some critical barrier level by the original structural response were estimated. Finally, the formula for calculating first passage probability was established on the assumption that the corrected up-crossing rates are independent. By a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom system excited by a stationary Gaussian load,it is demonstrated how the procedure can be used for the type of structures considered. Further, comparisons between the results from the present procedure and those from Monte-Carlo simulation are performed.     

基于区间可拓法的客滚船码头风险评价

考虑到客滚码头系统复杂、指标属性多样等特性,根据客滚码头的特点及国家法律法规的要求,比较全面、系统地构建了客滚码头运营风险评价指标体系．针对传统评价方法在评价过程中存在因为评价对象层次结构复杂、指标属性多样而导致的指标值存在主观性和难以精确确定等缺点,提出了一种以指标区间值和区间关联函数来确定评价结果的区间可拓评价方法．该方法是以可拓集理论为基础,通过两级评价模型最终确定系统的风险等级,并以大连某客滚码头为例进行说明．实例计算表明,该方法可以克服评价过程中的思维不确定性问题,提高结果的可信度,在风险评价中有很好的适用性．     

Modular design of complex product based on the triple fusion of function/feature/knowledge

The modular design technology is of importance increasingly, as product structure is more and more complex. Modular design systems face challenging problems as the design information tends to be dynamic, redundant, and very large. This paper describes a novel approach for handling them. In this approach, a partition is firstly performed for the complex structural components by mapping functions to the structures layer by layer. Based on this partition, a comprehensive design matrix is then developed to identify the key design mode which is driven by a special function. The design process is also programmed by analyzing the coupled information on both the functional and structural hierarchies. Then, the integrated knowledge model based on object-oriented method and hybrid inference method is constructed. In this model, knowledge can be organized at hierarchical classification and expressed with different forms. Finally, the methodology developed has been applied to a real application in automobile cylinder block design and the results are presented.     

Review on composite structural health monitoring based on fiber Bragg grating sensing principle

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based sensors offer important advantages over traditional instrumentation with regards to real-time structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite materials and structures in recent years. FBG sensors, integrated into existing structures or embedded into new ones, have played a major role in assessing the safety and integrity of engineering structures. In this paper, a review on the latest research of the FBG-based SHM technique for composite field is presented. Firstly, the FBG sensing principle is briefly discussed and FBG and several other optical fiber sensors (OFSs) for SHM are performance-compared. Then, several examples of the use of FBG sensors in composite SHM are illustrated, including those from the field of cure monitoring, civil engineering, aviation, aerospace, marine and offshore platform. Finally, some existing problems are pointed out and some proposals for further researches are provided.     

基于改进灰色-马尔可夫链的轨道不平顺发展预测方法

轨道不平顺的发展受轨道、荷载、自然等因素的影响,它们的综合作用使轨道不平顺的发展过程呈现出趋势性和随机性特征.将灰色GM（1,1）预测理论与马尔可夫链预测理论相结合,提出一种适应轨道系统的改进灰色-马尔可夫链组合预测模型.新模型较好地处理了轨道系统内部各种不确定因素的影响,并能够充分挖掘历史数据给予的信息.应用新模型对轨道质量指数TQI进行实例计算,表明其具有很好的预测精度.     

不确定型AHP在单轨桥梁状态评估中的应用

针对传统层次分析法（AHP）的缺陷,在跨座式单轨桥梁状态评估中引入不确定型层次分析法,该方法能够更好地反映桥梁评估中的模糊性和不确定性,很好地表达桥梁专家的意见.首次将区间数对数最小二乘法应用到单轨桥梁评估指标的权重计算中,论述了该方法求解权重的步骤.以重庆某单轨桥梁的上部结构为例,建立状态评估模型,通过专家构建的区间数判断矩阵,确定了评估指标的权重并得到该桥上部结构的状态评估值.结果表明,利用不确定型AHP对单轨桥梁进行状态评估具有一定的科学性和实用性,这种方法的应用将会为跨座式单轨桥梁的养护管理提供科学依据.     

钢管混凝土拱桥施工合龙合理状态的遗传搜索

由于钢管混凝土拱桥的受力特点，在施工仿真计算中无法找到倒退分析的起点，为此，尝试嵌入遗传算法来确定钢管拱肋施工合龙前的合理状态，以此作为倒退分析的起点，确定了以扣索索长调整量为变量参数的目标函数，而目标函数需要通过结构仿真计算才能得出相对应的目标函数值，搜索相当复杂，因此采用实数遗传算法，改进了遗传操作，以满足搜索的精度和速度，并用算例搜索出了合龙时拱肋线形的合理状态，经比较其状态是合理的，可以作为倒退分析的起点。     

钢结构吊索拱桥的施工监控

为保证桥梁结构运营的安全性、可靠性,实施桥梁施工全过程监控,已成为大型桥梁建设中不可或缺的重要部分。以通泰大桥为例,对整个施工监控过程加以分析,可以确定其施工方案的合理性,为类似结构体系的施工监控提供成功的范例。     

某3跨钢拱桥结构抗震、抗风及稳定性分析

对采用墩梁分离、拱梁固结的下承式3跨连续钢梁钢拱桥进行结构抗震、抗风和稳定性分析,供类似结构体系动力性能设计参考。     

法国南部阿尔卑也山脉的微构造研究

通过对法国南部阿尔卑也山脉区微构造(张节理、微断层、小型褶皱等)的系统测量,运用数值计算法、垂直两面角法等研究方法进行分析、图解和计算,获得了这个地区自早白垩世以来的七个构造变形期及其变形的性质和主应力轴的产状。研究结果表明,微观构造不仅反映了宏观构造所显示的构造变形期,而且还显示了宏观构造所不能反映的微弱构造变形期。     

大跨覆土波纹钢板拱桥结构加强措施研究

由于结构承受回填土压力,随着跨度增加,覆土波纹钢板拱桥的内力增幅较大,有必要对波纹板拱圈采取结构加强措施.基于跨径为16m的圆弧拱桥,采用混凝土复合加强肋方案对拱圈进行加强,分别建立了未加强、拱脚部位加强、沿拱圈环向加强和沿拱圈与横向的双方向加强等4种考虑土结相互作用的三维有限元模型,计算和对比分析了4种情况下结构的受力和变形特点.结果表明,覆土波纹钢板圆弧拱桥应力分布不均匀,对受力最大部位的拱脚采取局部加强措施能够显著改善结构的受力性能;环向加强措施改善了结构受力性能,但结构整体性较差;双向加强措施的改善效果明显,且有利于提高结构的整体性.