Comparative study on model-scale sloshing tests

This paper considers a comparative study on model-scale sloshing tests. There are two primary scopes of this study: the comparison of sloshing pressure measured in 1/50-scale model tests at Seoul National University (SNU) with (1) the data measured at the other facility for the same model, and (2) the data measured on a smaller scale model. For the comparative study, model tanks are excited with the same irregular motions with Froude scale, and sloshing pressure signals are measured at the same locations. The statistical quantities of 1/50-scale model tests are compared with those of other facility and 1/70-scale model tests. In this study, it is found that peak pressure measured at SNU are slightly lower than those of other facility, and this difference may be due to different sensor types and sensing diameters.     

细长海洋立管涡激振动预报模型

涡激振动预报对于深水环境中的细长海洋结构物的设计至关重要.近年来出现的若干经验模型基于圆柱体受追振荡实验数据.文中介绍了细长海洋结构物涡激振动预报工具的发展,进而提出了一种基于圆柱体受迫振荡实验数据的预报模型.与现有的类似模型相比较,该模型更加直接地利用了原始模型实验数据,并且将立管的有限元模态分析并入到响应预报当中,以计及立管物理参数的不均匀特性.利用近期立管模型在阶梯状分布流以及剪切流中的涡激振动响应实验测量数据,验证了该模型的有效性.该模型的计算结果表明,立管的模态振型、模态频率与涡激振动响应高度耦合,并且对于低质量比的情况尤为明显.文中还指出了类似的基于受迫振荡圆柱体实验数据的预报模型存在的缺陷.     

多点系泊定位FDPSO船体水动力性能数值模拟和模型试验研究(英文)

由于中国南海海域海况十分恶劣,浮式钻井生产储油轮(FDPSO,Floating,Drilling,Production,Storage and Offloading vessel)定位方式的研究是海洋工程界值得关注的课题。文章采用数值模拟和模型试验的方法对多点系泊FDPSO水动力性能开展研究。数值模拟包括FDPSO船体频域水动力性能计算和船体/锚链时域耦合分析。船体频域水动力性能计算得到了水动力系数,波浪力和运动幅值响应算子;时域耦合数值分析得到了中国南海海域一年一遇海况和百年一遇海况下船体六自由度运动时历。模型试验在上海交通大学海洋工程深水池开展,包括静水衰减试验,白噪声试验和不规则波试验。对数值计算结果和模型试验结果进行了比较,验证了数值结果的准确性,并对多点系泊FDPSO在中国南海海域的水动力性能进行了研究。     

长航道条件下波浪数学模型试验范围的选取

在针对长航道进行波浪数学模型试验时，往往由于模型范围过大而导致计算机无法进行模拟，因此，合理选取航道长度和试验范围就成为工程模型试验面临的关键问题。国内外的以往研究，仅对截短航道进行波浪数学模型试验的可行性有所述及，但针对具体工程模型试验中航道范围的选取方法并未阐述。在反复试验论证的基础上，运用NIKE21-BW波浪数学模型，以锦州港工程为例，提出不同工况条件下截短航道模型试验范围的选取方法。有关研究成果可供港口及航道工程模型试验参考。     

箱型船模底部板架流固耦合振动试验研究

对钢质箱型船模底板及板架进行了干模态和湿模态试验,通过试验结果和计算结果的比较,得出对工程计算中如何处理舱内水问题的相关结论。     

船舶在波浪中操纵运动仿真

本文研究了双浆双舵船在规则波中的回转运动，首先进行了约束模型试验，得到了操纵运动数学模型中的水动力系数，然后，进行了静水操纵运动数值仿真，并与自航模型试验结果进行了比较。最后，预报船舶在规则波中的回转运动，对一些影响回转运动的因素进行了讨论。     

LNG旁靠FSRU码头系泊的水动力性能试验研究

本文对码头系泊的FSRU和LNG船的水动力性能进行了研究,分别对FSRU单船码头和FSRU-LNGC并排码头系泊进行了模型试验.码头与船和船与船之间均采用系泊缆和靠垫进行连接.试验中考虑了风、流、浪等环境因素对码头系泊系统的影响.在风浪流模型试验中,分别测量了不同海况下系泊系统的动态响应,其中包括FSRU和LNG船的六自由度运动响应、系泊缆张力和靠垫接触力.相比较其它浪向,横浪(90°)引起的船舶运动更大,进而导致系泊缆和靠垫的受力增大.结果还表明,FSRU单船码头系泊在所有海况下安全性较好,但对于LNG船旁靠FSRU码头系泊系统,其对环境的响应非常敏感,尤其是横浪环境.     

舵鳍联合非线性数学模型的建立及仿真

针对船舶运动的非线性本质,为舵鳍联合系统建立了具有通用性的非线性数学模型.首先基于MMG(Ship Manoeuvring Mathematical Model Group)的建模思想,建立一个包含风、浪、流十扰的4自由度舵鳍联合非线性数学模型,并详细给出了模型涉及的参数及流体动力导数的计算公式.然后利用该模型对"Hual Trooper"号汽车运输船及"Belnor"号散货运输船进行同转试验及Z彤试验的仿真,得到了一系列与实船试验曲线接近的仿真曲线.仿真结果说明了该模型的止确性和工程可行性.     

美国海军潜艇舱室液压系统泄漏火灾风险研究进展

本文针对潜艇舱室液压油泄漏后的火灾风险研究,概述了美国海军所开展的一系列研究工作。为开展这项专项研究,美国利用根据核潜艇艏部舱室搭建的“沙德威尔/688”测试平台,对火灾、爆炸和其它相关风险进行了试验研究,取得大量成果,同时基于实测数据验证了针对性开发的潜艇舱室火灾预测软件的准确性。文章结合我国该领域的研究进展,指出液压油泄漏火灾风险控制思路和未来发展方向。相关研究对我国开展潜艇及其它船舶和密闭环境火灾风险控制研究具有指导意义。     

Experimental uncertainty of a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal in a port

This paper presents the uncertainty modelling of experimental results for a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal inside a port. The physical model was built for an oil terminal at the port of Leixões in Portugal. The model incorporates the new modified port layout, as well as a future 300 m extension of the port outer north breakwater to enhance operational conditions. The physical model tests were performed on a scale of 1:80 in the Portuguese Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC). A generic mooring system of four mooring lines and two fenders is simulated using a nonlinear spring system. Decay tests are carried out to evaluate the natural periods of the moored model. Then, tests are carried out for the moored model in waves. The major aim of the experimental study is to obtain novel results for the wave elevation and direction at various locations inside the port, the ship motions at six degrees of freedom, and loads on mooring lines and fenders including the modified port layout. As the physical model measurements are subjected to different types of uncertainties, a systematic uncertainty analysis is carried out here, following ITTC guidelines and recommendations, to quantify all possible sources of uncertainties. The results are discussed, and several conclusions are reached. Based on the experimental results, the presented physical model study may replicate the results for waves and motions with uncertainties less than 9% of the significant amplitudes. The assessment of the applied nonlinear spring model reveals load predictions on the moorings, with uncertainties less than 4% of the maximum mooring loads.     

双壳驳模型的结构设计及约束扭转试验研究

本文从双壳驳模型结构设计、扭转试验技术两方面作了系统介绍。 在指导畸变模型设计的理论上,提出了两个独立的几何参数L、t的概念,基本解决了这类模型所必然存在的构件厚度与其它几何尺度不能取同一相似倍数的问题,从而使模型试验结果对实船进行相关预报成为可能。 在约束扭转试验技术方面,设计中采用了双滑轮悬吊支承,油顶-滑轮自平闭式加载系统,百分表随动臂架变形测量装置等,形成一套新的弯、扭组合测试技术,与国外类似试验相比,模型的边界条件更为合理。 本文结论对于箱形结构模型是适用的;所介绍的试验技术对于集装箱船、双体船、工程船和海洋平台等大比例尺模型试验具有一定的参考价值。     

Experimental study of the state-of-the-art offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage

An innovative offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage (FOWT-SFFC) has recently been developed by the two leading authors for offshore wind and aquaculture industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of FOWT-SFFC subjected to simultaneous wind and wave actions in the harsh South China Sea environment by a series of model tests. The tests are conducted at the Tsinghua Ocean Engineering Basin with Froude scale of 1:30. In this paper, the similarity law and setup of model tests are given first. Then a series of calibration tests and identification tests are carried out to validate the capacity of wind generator and wave maker, and to identify the vibration frequencies of tower, the stiffness of mooring system, natural periods and system damping, motion response amplitude operators (RAOs) of FOWT-SFFC, and thrust-speed performance of the turbine in wave basin. After that, seakeeping tests are implemented for random waves, followed by a sequence of load cases including normal operating and extreme conditions. Constant wind speeds and random wind speeds are respectively considered in load combinations. The experimental results affirm the excellent seakeeping and dynamic performance of FOWT-SFFC. Existence of metal fish nets increases the damping of foundation's 6 degree-of-freedoms motions. Generally, the influence of nets on the dynamic responses is insignificant in wind sea states.     

时域中的潜体兴波研究

从格林定理出发,在边界面上布置Rankine源和偶极子,在时域中用时间步进法计算模拟了潜体近自由面运动的兴波现象,构建了一种处理兴波问题的计算模型.文中详细介绍了这种方法的理论推导和计算过程,并通过试算确定了适当的模型参数.通过对多个参数的变化调整,讨论了它们对潜体兴波阻力和波形变化的影响.大量的数值试验和与试验数据的比较,证实了该法作为三维数值波浪水池的一个支撑模型是可行、可靠的.     

Experimental study on the resistance of a transport ship navigating in level ice

This study investigates the resistance of a transport ship navigating in Arctic waters by conducting a series of model tests in an ice tank at Tianjin University. The laboratory-scale model ship was mounted on a rigid carriage using a one-directional load cell and then towed through an ice sheet at different speeds. We observed the ice-breaking process at different parts of the ship and motion of the ice floes and measured the resistances under different speeds to determine the relationship between the ice-breaking process and the ice resistance. The bending failure at the shoulder area was found to cause maximum resistance. Furthermore, we introduced the analytical method of Lindqvist (1989) for estimating ice resistance and then compared these calculated results with those from our model tests. The results indicate that the calculated total resistances are higher than those we determined in the model tests.     

极地平整冰区运输船航行阻力的模型试验研究（英文）

This study investigates the resistance of a transport ship navigating in level ice by conducting a series of model tests in an ice tank at Tianjin University. The laboratory-scale model ship was mounted on a rigid carriage using a one-directional load cell and then towed through an ice sheet at different speeds. We observed the ice-breaking process at different parts of the ship and motion of the ice floes and measured the resistances under different speeds to determine the relationship between the ice-breaking process and ice resistance. The bending failure at the shoulder area was found to cause maximum resistance. Furthermore, we introduced the analytical method of Lindqvist(1989) for estimating ice resistance and then compared these calculated results with those from our model tests. The results indicate that the calculated total resistances are higher than those we determined in the model tests.     

智能手机在船舶稳性实验中的应用（英文）

The inclining experiment is the only regulatory tool to assess ship stability. This experiment is a time consuming process for both real-life tests and ship model experiments. The difficulty is mainly due to a bias in the measurement of heel angle. Nowadays, digital inclinometers are available, but they are expensive. In this study, the use of a smartphone application is presented for ship inclination and rolling-period tests. The idea consists of using accelerometer and gyroscope sensors built into the current smartphones for the measurements. Therefore, some experiments are carried out on an example trawler model to exhibit the uses and advantages of this method. The obtained results are in good agreement with those provided from the pendulum method and natural roll-period test. This application is new, easy, and more accurately assesses metacentric height during the inclining and rolling-period tests.     

海工高性能混凝土结构使用寿命预测浅析

以Fick第二定律为基础，分析影响混凝土结构使用寿命的一些因素，结合抗氯盐污染高性能混凝土室内试验和现场暴露试验测试结果，初步建立海工高性能混凝土结构使用寿命预测模型的基本方法。     

内压对锥柱耐压壳焊接残余应力影响的数值模拟与试验研究

耐压结构在使用前一般都要进行内压试验,经过内压试验后结构的焊接残余应力会发生改变。残余应力的变化会对结构的力学特性有一定影响。文章首先运用ANSYS的APDL语言编写了大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型焊接残余应力数值模拟程序,对耐压结构的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后残余应力的变化进行计算;然后,采用X射线无损检测方法对该大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后的残余应力进行测量。计算结果与试验结果表明,随着内压增加,内壳残余拉应力不断降低;而外壳残余压应力则变化不大;并且数值模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。该文研究结果为更加合理可靠地进行耐压结构力学特性分析提供了理论依据。     

Validation and application of nonlinear hydrodynamics from CFD in an engineering model of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine

Nonlinear hydrodynamics play a significant role in accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of floating wind turbines (FWTs), especially near the resonance frequencies. This study investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to improve an engineering model (based on potential flow theory with Morison-type drag) by modifying the second-order difference-frequency quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) and frequency-dependent added mass and damping for a semi-submersible FWT. The results from the original and modified engineering models are compared to experimental data from decay tests and irregular wave tests. In general, the CFD results based on forced oscillation tests suggest increasing the frequency-depending added mass and damping at low frequencies compared to first order potential flow theory. The modified engineering model predicts natural periods close to the experimental results in decay tests (within 5%), and the underprediction of the damping is reduced compared to the original engineering model. The motions, mooring line tensions and tower-base loads in the low-frequency response to an irregular wave are underestimated using the original engineering model. The additional linear damping increases this underestimation, while the modified QTFs based on CFD simulations of a fixed floater in bichromatic waves result in larger difference-frequency wave loads. The combined modifications give improved agreement with experimental data in terms of damage equivalent loads for the mooring lines and tower base.     

相似理论在水下爆炸冲击波载荷中的应用

以相似理论为基础,采用数值仿真试验的方法,探讨舰船结构遭受水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用时的动响应相似性问题。以某型舰原型作为基准模型,根据实际工程需要对舰船进行缩比仿真试验。原型有限元模型与缩比试验有限元模型数值结果表明:通过试验模型可以准确预测原型结构遭受水下爆炸冲击波时的动响应特性,将几何相似律应用到水下爆炸冲击波载荷相似性研究中是可行的。