碰撞凹陷对导管架屈曲及疲劳强度的影响

以某导管架架腿在受台风影响下与运维船发生碰撞凹陷为基础,根据碰撞产生的实际凹陷尺寸,建立导管架架腿凹陷模型,采用Ansys软件研究碰撞凹陷对圆管屈曲承载能力及疲劳强度的影响。结果表明：在轴向荷载作用下,碰撞凹陷后圆管临界屈曲承载能力降低了45.87%。在临界屈曲载荷作用下,完整圆管径向位移沿圆管径向向外鼓曲,但凹陷圆管径向位移呈现局部向内凹陷和局部向外鼓曲的现象。碰撞凹陷后,凹陷圆管疲劳损伤值局部区域呈增加的趋势,疲劳损失最大值区域发生在凹陷中间凹痕的C点和D点区域。     

自升式平台桩腿的局部开孔分析

某自升式平台为安装冲桩管线需要在桩腿上开孔,因开孔位置无法避开桩腿高应力区,故需对开孔部位进行局部强度和屈曲分析.本文应用MSC/NASTRAN和ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对单根桩腿建立了详细的有限元模型,除圆柱形桩腿的外壳以外,还包括了内部纵桁、水平撑杆、桩靴细部结构以及开孔周围的加强结构等.边界条件的选取主要是基于平台整体分析得到的结果,考虑到平台主体和桩腿之间的约束变形情况,进行了适当的简化模拟.载荷考虑了自重、静水压力以及作业和自存工况下的风、浪、流载荷.为校核桩腿在整个服役期内是否满足要求,本文所建模型扣除了3mm的腐蚀余量.分析结果表明:桩腿开孔周围结构虽处于较高的应力水平,但仍在许用应力范围之内,并且桩腿的屈曲强度满足要求.     

高精度测量在渤海湾单点导管架安装过程中的应用

从利用海洋废弃导管架出发,介绍为实现海洋平台导管架陆地和海上部分的对接,废弃导管架陆地部分与海上部分的主要测量内容和测量精度要求;分析导管架测量与常规测量比较存在的主要难点;提出几何测量方法较常规传统测量存在的误差传递积累和测量精度低而言,简便、易操作、精度高;介绍几何法测量的具体原理和计算公式,说明导管架桩腿之间距离以及导管架倾斜角度精确测量的详细步骤和计算方法,并对桩腿之间距离的误差、倾斜角度误差传播公式进行推导;结合实例说明导管架安装精确测量的过程,计算测量结果和测量误差,总结导管架安装几何方法测量的基本经验。     

风电作业船可调桩靴及其性能研究

针对风电作业船桩靴易受桩腿滑移和拔桩困难等的影响,而无法适应复杂的海底环境的问题,提出了一种新型可调桩靴和设计整体方案。在分析可调桩靴的机构运动学规律的基础上,采用数值分析法探讨了可调桩靴和传统桩靴结构在极限载荷下的屈曲稳定性能,理论计算了两种桩靴结构的拔桩能力并进行了对比分析。计算结果表明:带有可调桩靴的桩腿结构屈曲稳定能力显著增强,其拔桩阻力低于传统桩靴,更易于拔桩。     

导管架式一体化风机在冰载荷作用下的耦合响应研究

海上风电是世界上发展最快的可再生能源之一.寒区蕴藏着丰富的风能资源,设计和建造用于结冰海域的风电结构的关键要求是其应具备一定的抗冰性能.本文研究了全耦合导管架式海上风力发电机在冰载荷作用下的结构动态响应;在数值仿真软件FAST中建立了一体化风机数值模型,该模型包含其空气动力属性、水动力属性、机械属性和结构弹性属性;研究了导管架风机基础的直立桩腿和加装了抗冰锥体后的桩腿的抗冰性能差异;并计算分析了不同冰厚和冰速对于风机动态响应的影响.结果表明:海冰厚度越大,导管架底座的结构响应和振荡幅度越大;海冰速度越大,其结构响应和振荡频率越快;导管架桩腿在安装抗冰锥体后的结构响应和振荡幅度明显降低.本文还计算分析得到了抗冰性能最佳的锥体角度.     

轴压复合材料蛋形壳屈曲特性

在对模态缺陷条件下轴压复合材料柱形壳进行屈曲分析的基础上,结合仿生学原理对柱形壳进行形状优化,运用等质量、等容积两种方法,设计与柱形壳开口直径相同的蛋形壳,研究其多模态屈曲特性。结果表明:相对复合材料柱形壳,蛋形壳具有更好的轴向承载能力与更低的缺陷敏感度。从工程实例出发,以单立柱固定式海洋平台的柱形壳桩腿为背景,采用分段式模块化设计的方法,在5%多模态缺陷条件下,研究一般钢结构柱形壳桩腿、碳纤维复合材料柱形壳桩腿、碳纤维复合材料多蛋交接形桩腿的轴压屈曲特性。结果表明:在相同的承载能力下,复合材料多蛋交接形桩腿具有更小的质量、更低的缺陷敏感度与更好的稳定性。     

我国海上导管架平台抗冰锥体的设计实践

冰激振动是渤海重冰区导管架平台的主要危害.渤海重冰区导管架平台在腿柱上安装了抗冰锥体,基本解决了平台冰激振动问题.主要阐述了抗冰锥体的基本抗冰原理和设计方法,分析了渤海典型导管架平台抗冰锥体的设计实践,对渤海重冰区导管架平台和抗冰锥体的设计提出了建议.     

导管架海洋平台整体结构海冰载荷环境下响应分析

以当前广泛应用的海洋导管架平台为研究对象,针对导管架海洋平台冰区服役环境中,海冰载荷作用下结构响应问题,采用理论公式对导管架所受的环境载荷进行计算分析,并通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件对导管架平台进行整体建模,分析其在环境载荷作用下的整体位移响应,并对不同海流速度下桩腿的位移响应进行分析,探索不同桩基入泥深度变形的敏感性因素。结果表明,正常环境载荷下,平台下甲板部位产生0.75 m作用的位移;桩腿位移变化对海流速度较为敏感,某些极端情况下,桩腿上部位移可达5 m左右;变形敏感性因素分析表明,桩身的变形和受力特征存在差异,随着桩基入泥深度的减少,桩身变形会较明显的影响泥面位移和总位移,并导致其桩基中下部及桩底岩土体的塑性区分布范围增加,桩基入泥深度超过一定范围时桩基变形趋近稳定,且计算荷载施加后不会明显影响桩基中下部的应力和塑性区分布特征。     

轴压复合材料柱形壳屈曲特性

以单立柱固定式海洋平台的柱形壳桩腿为研究对象,得到复合材料柱形壳较为合理的结构尺寸、铺层方式,提高其轴向承载能力.首先,通过碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced plastics,CFRP)材料单轴拉伸试验得到复合材料柱形壳试验样本的材料属性,用于柱形壳的计算与分析.其次,基于复合材料薄壳理论,得到轴压复合材料柱形壳屈曲临界载荷解析解,对比线弹性屈曲有限元分析,验证了理想柱形壳有限元模型建立的正确性.再次,由复合材料柱形壳缺陷测量试验得到其初始几何缺陷,由轴向压缩试验得到其轴压屈曲特性,对比非线性屈曲有限元分析,验证了缺陷柱形壳有限元模型建立的正确性.最后,结合线弹性屈曲分析结果,引入模态缺陷,从线弹性和非线性屈曲分析两个方面,研究铺层角、铺层数、各层纤维厚度、几何尺寸对复合材料柱形壳轴向承载能力的综合影响规律,得到各模型的屈曲特性与缺陷敏感性.从生产制造与工程实际出发,建立一种系统的CFRP型复合材料柱形壳设计计算流程、失稳分析方法,对于复合材料柱形壳的设计、校核、优化具有指导性作用.     

海生物对导管架平台环境载荷的影响分析

在对导管架平台环境载荷计算方法分析的基础上,以南海东部某8桩腿和4桩腿平台为研究对象,采用SACS软件建立平台计算模型,计算不同海生物清除范围下平台的环境载荷,分析清除范围与载荷之间的变化规律,提出一种南海东部平台海生物清除范围制定的方法。     

Mode jumping in the lateral buckling of subsea pipelines

Unburied subsea pipelines under high-temperature conditions tend to relieve their axial compressive stress by forming localised lateral buckles. This phenomenon is traditionally studied under the assumption of a specific lateral deflection profile (mode) consisting of a fixed number of lobes. We study lateral thermal buckling as a genuinely localised buckling phenomenon by applying homoclinic (‘flat’) boundary conditions. By not having to assume a particular buckling mode we are in a position to study transitions between these traditional modes in typical loading sequences. For the lateral resistance we take a realistic nonlinear pipe-soil interaction model for partially embedded pipelines. We find that for soils with appreciable breakout resistance, i.e., nonmonotonicity of the lateral resistance characteristic, sudden jumps between modes may occur. We consider both symmetric and antisymmetric solutions. The latter turn out to require much higher temperature differences between pipe and environment for the jumps to be induced. We carry out a parameter study on the effect of various pipe-soil interaction parameters on this mode jumping. Away from the jumps post-buckling solutions are reasonably well described by the traditional modes whose analytical expressions may be used during preliminary design.     

Antisymmetric thermal buckling triggered by dual distributed buoyancy sections

Rogue buckles may occur for unburied subsea pipelines operating under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Distributed buoyancy section (DBS) is often installed to trigger pipeline lateral buckling. Single distributed buoyancy section (SDBS) is normally adopted to trigger a symmetric lateral buckling mode. But in some cases, dual distributed buoyancy sections (DDBS) with a gap between them are utilised to trigger an antisymmetric lateral buckling mode. This paper concerns the behaviour of antisymmetric lateral buckling triggered by DDBS. First, the locations of the maxima of the deflection and bending stress are determined. Then, comparisons of the post-buckling behaviour between antisymmetric buckling mode, triggered by DDBS, and symmetric buckling mode, triggered by SDBS, are presented and discussed. The influences of the spacing between dual buoyancy sections and the parameters of the DBS on the buckled configuration and post-buckling behaviour are presented. Finally, the effects of the DBS on the minimum critical temperature difference, the maxima of the deflection and stress are discussed. The results show that the maxima of the deflection and stress of the antisymmetric mode are much smaller than that of the symmetric mode under the same operating conditions. During the design process, the spacing between dual buoyancy sections, the length and the weight ratio coefficient of the DBS should be determined in sequence.     

特征载荷下海工管状结构屈曲临界载荷分析

圆柱形管状结构在海洋工程领域中应用较多，在进行结构设计时，需重点关注其侧向受载时的屈曲强度问题。通过理论分析和数值模拟，对比研究径向线性载荷变化下圆柱壳的屈曲行为，以经典的Donnell壳体理论为基础，得到圆柱壳的屈曲控制方程，并通过本征值分析方法得到结构屈曲的临界条件。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对线性变化径压下圆柱壳的屈曲进行数值仿真。分析得出径厚比是径向线性分布载荷下圆柱壳屈曲临界载荷的主要影响因素，三角形径压下屈曲临界载荷值约为均布径压下屈曲临界载荷值的2倍。     

Exact and simplified estimations for elastic buckling pressures of structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections under external hydrostatic pressure

Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections have significant potential for application in offshore oil and gas production systems because they combine thermal insulation performance with structural strength and self weight in an integrated way. Such cross sections comprise inner and outer thin-walled pipes with the annulus between them fully filled by a selectable filler material to impart an appropriate combination of properties. Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections can exhibit several different collapse mechanisms, and the basis of the preferential occurrence of one over the others is of interest. This article presents an exact analysis for predicting the elastic buckling behaviours of a structural pipe-in-pipe cross section when subjected to external hydrostatic pressure. Simplified approximations are also investigated for elastic buckling pressure and mode when the outer pipe and its contact with the filler material is considered as a pipe on an elastic foundation. Results are presented to show the variation of elastic buckling pressure with the relative elastic modulus of the filler and pipe materials, the filler thickness, and the thicknesses of the inner and outer pipes. Case studies based on realistic application scenarios are used to show that the simplified approximations are sufficiently accurate for practical structural design purposes.     

基于固有变形的船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形的数值分析

在船用钢薄板的焊接过程中,不但会产生常见的焊接变形,也有可能产生焊接失稳变形。本文以焊缝的固有变形为依据,阐明船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形产生的内在机理；同时,以固有变形为输入参数,通过弹性有限元分析的数值模拟,预测出可能产生的失稳变形模态和变形值；最终,通过四种不同的工艺方法(激光焊、瞬态热拉伸、随焊激冷和间断焊等),来减小固有变形的数值,并控制薄板对接焊接头可能产生的失稳变形。     

小径厚比深水管道的压溃屈曲研究

深水管道所处的特殊海洋环境极易导致其发生压溃屈曲破坏.通过深入分析不同径厚比深水管道的压溃屈曲特点,并对具有不同径厚比及初始椭圆度的深水管道模型进行了压溃屈曲及后屈曲行为的计算分析.研究发现,压溃屈曲的经典理论公式并不适用于小径厚比深水管道.文章基于经典理论和数值模拟结果,得到了适用于小径厚比深水管道压溃屈曲分析的临界压力修正公式,进而对小径厚比深水管道的压溃屈曲评估提供理论支撑和工程推荐.     

考虑铺设残余变形影响的管道屈曲分析

文章基于壳单元建立了精细的托管架—管道相互作用模型,模拟了S型管道铺设过程,研究了铺设过程中管道的塑性变形分布,评价了铺设残余塑性变形对管道屈曲压力的影响。研究结果表明在深水S型铺设中,管道会发生明显残余塑性变形,并削弱管道的后续屈曲承载能力。     

合拢弯矩作用下复合材料曲梁突变屈曲的研究

研究了复合材料曲梁在受到合拢弯矩作用下发生的屈曲情况,并给出一种理论解析方法来分析这种很可能发生在复合材料弯曲结构中的脱层耦合屈曲问题.该方法是基于曲梁大变形理论及断裂力学而提出来的.文中并用该解析方法分析了一个特定的常见的情况,在该题例中脱层发生在非常靠近内表面处并且突变屈曲就发生在该薄脱层.在文中也对脱层裂纹的弧角对极限载荷的影响进行了研究.     

Three-dimensional pipeline element formulation for global buckling analysis of submarine pipelines with sleeper

Submarine pipelines can utilize sleepers to control global buckling location, which mitigates potential risks under high temperature and pressure. However, pipelines with sleepers require execution in three-dimensional space and experience lateral buckling modes. As such, this paper proposes a 3D pipeline element for lateral buckling analysis, building on previous 2D element formulations. This new element considers non-linear pipe-soil interactions, thermal expansion, axial load, initial imperfections, large deflection, and other major factors that affect lateral buckling. The derivations of the 3D pipeline element are provided in detail, and the numerical analysis procedure is elaborated. To validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed 3D pipeline element, several examples are presented.     

固定式近岸风机导管架结构完全重叠节点的极限强度研究（英文）

This paper presents an innovative eccentric jacket substructure for offshore wind turbines to better withstand intense environmental forces and to replace conventional X-braced jackets in seismically active areas. The proposed eccentric jacket comprises of completely overlapped joint at every joint connection. The joint consists of a chord and two braces in a single plane. The two braces are fully overlapped with a short segment of the diagonal brace welded directly onto the chord. The characteristic feature of this joint configuration is that the short segment member can be designed to absorb and dissipate energy under cyclic load excitation. The experimental and numerical study revealed that the completely overlapped joint performed better in terms of strength resistance, stiffness, ductility, and energy absorption capacity than the conventional gap joints commonly found in typical X-braced jacket framings. The eccentric jacket could also be designed to becoming less stiff, with an inelastic yielding and local buckling of short segment member, so as to better resist the cyclic load generated from intense environmental forces and earthquake. From the design economics, the eccentric jacket provided a more straightforward fabrication with reduced number of welded joints and shorter thicker wall cans than the conventional X-braced jacket. It can therefore be concluded based on the results presented in the study that by designing the short segment member in accordance with strength and ductility requirement,the eccentric jacket substructure supporting the wind turbine could be made to remain stable under gravity loads and to sustain a significantly large amount of motion in the event of rare and intense earthquake or environmental forces, without collapsing.