Fully nonlinear simulation for fluid/structure impact: A review

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method （BEM）. Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes （1） vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion, （2） liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body, （3） similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional （2D）, axisymmetric and three dimensional （3D） cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.     

The choice of speed and clearance for RAS on 3D method

In this paper, a 3D source distribution technique is used to calculate the coupled motions between two ships which advance in the wave with the same speed. The numerical results of coupled motions for a frigate and a supply ship have a good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the 3D coupled motions of two ships, a spectral analysis is employed to clearly observe the effect of speed, clearance and wave heading on the significant relative motion amplitude (SRMA) of two ships.The method presented in this paper will be helpful to select suitable clearance, speed and wave heading for underway replenishment at sea(RAS).     

能量耗散效应的多域边界元法(英文)

The wave diffraction and radiation around a floating body is considered within the framework of the linear potential theory in a fairly perfect fluid.The fluid domain extended infinitely in the horizontal directions but is limited by the sea bed,the body hull,and the part of the free surface excluding the body waterplane,and is subdivided into two subdomains according to the body geometry.The two subdomains are connected by a control surface in fluid.In each subdomain,the velocity potential is described by using the usual boundary integral representation involving Green functions.The boundary integral equations are then established by satisfying the boundary conditions and the continuous condition of the potential and the normal derivation across the control surface.This multi-domain boundary element method(MDBEM) is particularly interesting for bodies with a hull form including moonpools to which the usual BEM presents singularities and slow convergence of numerical results.The application of the MDBEM to study the resonant motion of a water column in moonpools shows that the MDBEM provides an efficient and reliable prediction method.     

Dynamic coupled analysis of the floating platform using the asynchronous coupling algorithm

This paper discusses the numerical modeling of the dynamic coupled analysis of the floating platform and mooring/risers using the asynchronous coupling algorithm with the purpose to improve the computational efficiency when multiple lines are connected to the platform. The numerical model of the platform motion simulation in wave is presented. Additionally, how the asynchronous coupling algorithm is implemented during the dynamic coupling analysis is introduced. Through a comparison of the numerical results of our developed model with commercial software for a SPAR platform, the developed numerical model is checked and validated.     

Numerical simulation of viscous liquid sloshing by moving-particle semi-implicit method

A meshless numerical simulation method, the moving-particle semi-implicit method （MPS） is presented in this paper to study the sloshing phenomenon in ocean and naval engineering. As a meshless method, MPS uses particles to replace the mesh in traditional methods, the governing equations are discretized by virtue of the relationship of particles, and the Poisson equation of pressure is solved by incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method （ICCG）, the free surface is tracked by the change of numerical density. A numerical experiment of viscous liquid sloshing tank was presented and compared with the result got by the difference method with the VOF, and an additional modification step was added to make the simulation more stable. The results show that the MPS method is suitable for the simulation of viscous liquid sloshing, with the advantage in arranging the particles easily, especially on some complex curved surface.     

A second order volume of fluid （VOF） scheme for numerical simulation of 2-D breaking waves

Among all environmental forces acting on ocean structures and marine vessels, those resulting from wave impacts are likely to yield the highest loads. Being highly nonlinear, transient and complex, a theoretical analysis of their impact would be impossible without numerical simulations. In this paper, a pressure-split two-stage numerical algorithm is proposed based on Volume Of Fluid (VOF) methodology. The algorithm is characterized by introduction of two pressures at each half and full cycle time step, and thus it is a second-order accurate algorithm in time. A simplified second-order Godunov-type solver is used for the continuity equations. The method is applied to simulation of breaking waves in a 2-D water tank, and a qualitative comparison with experimental photo observations is made. Quite consistent results are observed between simulations and experiments. Commercially available software and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) have also been used to simulate the same problem. The results from present code and BIM are in good agreement with respect to breaking location and timing, while the results obtained from the commercial software which is only first-order accurate in time has clearly showed a temporal and spatial lag, verifying the need to use a higher order numerical scheme.     

Time-domain simulation for water wave radiation by floating structures （Part A）

Direct time-domain simulation of floating structures has advantages： it can calculate wave pressure fields and forces directly; and it is useful for coupled analysis of floating structures with a mooring system. A time-domain boundary integral equation method is presented to simulate three-dimensional water wave radiation problems. A stable form of the integration free-surface boundary condition （IFBC） is used to update velocity potentials on the free surface. A multi-transmitting formula （MTF） method with an artificial speed is introduced to the artificial radiation boundary （ARB）. The method was applied to simulate a semi-spherical liquefied natural gas （LNG） carrier and a semi-submersible undergoing specified harmonic motion. Numerical parameters such as the form of the ARB, and the time and space discretization related to this method are discussed. It was found that a good agreement can be obtained when artificial speed is between 0.6 and 1.6 times the phase velocity of water waves in the MTF method. A simulation can be done for a long period of time by this method without problems of instability, and the method is also accurate and computationally efficient.     

Numerical simulation of viscous liquid sloshing by moving-particle semi-implicit method

A meshless numerical simulation method,the moving-particle semi-implicit method(MPS)is presented in this paper to study the sloshing phenomenon in ocean and naval engineering.As a meshless method,MPS uses particles to replace the mesh in traditional methods,the governing equations are discretized by virtue of the relationship of particles,and the Poisson equation of pressure is solved by incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method(ICCG),the free surface is tracked by the change of numerical density.A numerical experiment of viscous liquid sloshing tank was presented and compared with the result got by the difference method with the VOF,and an additional modification step was added to make the simulation more stable.The results show that the MPS method is suitable for the simulation of viscous liquid sloshing,with the advantage in arranging the particles easily,especially on some complex curved surface.     

基于边界元方法的二维全非线性数值波浪水槽(英文)

The development of a two dimensional numerical wave tank (NWT) with a rocker or piston type wavemaker based on the high order boundary element method (BEM) and mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) is examined. The cauchy principle value (CPV) integral is calculated by a special Gauss type quadrature and a change of variable. In addition the explicit truncated Taylor expansion formula is employed in the time-stepping process. A modified double nodes method is assumed to tackle the corner problem, as well as the damping zone technique is used to absorb the propagation of the free surface wave at the end of the tank. A variety of waves are generated by the NWT, for example; a monochromatic wave, solitary wave and irregular wave. The results confirm the NWT model is efficient and stable.     

光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)及其算法特性

基于Lagrange观点的无网格方法计算是建立在一群可移动的自适应性的质点基础之上,对特大变形区域和自由表面的捕捉有着较高的精度.光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)是无网格方法的一种,本文阐述其理论基础和计算方法,主要包括:SPH的基本概念、核近似和粒子近似的基本原理,核函数的构造方法、SPH形式的流体运动方程、边界处理方法和数值算例等多方面内容.研究工作在了解SPH方法的理论特点和潜在优势的同时,也为相关问题的深入研究和改进奠定了理论和算法基础.     

溃坝模拟的光滑粒子流体动力学方法及其粘性特性(英文)

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian meshless particle method. It is one of the best method for simulating violent free surface flows in fluids and solving large fluid deformations. Dam breaking is a typical example of these problems. The basis of SPH was reviewed, including some techniques for governing equation resolution, such as the stepping method and the boundary handling method. Then numerical results of a dam breaking simulation were discussed, and the benefits of concepts like artificial viscosity and position correction were analyzed in detail. When compared with dam breaking simulated by the volume of fluid (VOF) method, the wave profile generated by SPH had good agreement, but the pressure had only reasonable agreement. Improving pressure results is clearly an important next step for research.     

水流对浮体作用的SPH方法模拟

水流与浮体相互作用时,运动情况十分复杂,目前很难准确有效地模拟。而SPH作为一种纯拉格朗日方法,无需构建网格,用核函数近似粒子进行离散,能较好地解决一些自由面大变形问题。文章利用SPH法对溃坝时引起的高速水流冲击浮体以及水体晃动时破损浮体的运动过程进行模拟。模拟结果表明,SPH法能有效地进行水流对浮体作用的研究。     

直墙式建筑物上立波作用力计算的讨论

采用Fourier近似立波数值解计算直墙式建筑物上的立波作用力,以典型波浪条件的计算结果为例,比较了数值解和我国以及日本现行规范计算方法的差异,指出了两种规范中有待进一步改进之处。     

A numerical study of nonlinear wave interaction in regular and irregular seas: irrotational Green–Naghdi model

The irrotational Green–Naghdi model for nonlinear wave propagation in deep water is developed to simulate the irregular sea surface of a given directional wave spectrum. The model is derived from Hamilton's principle with a depthwise approximation to the flow field. The nonlinear boundary conditions are exactly satisfied on the actual free surface, and the continuity equation is satisfied exactly within the fluid domain. The ‘level’ of approximation in the depthwise direction is optimally chosen to simulate a given wave spectrum accurately with minimum computational effort. Several numerical techniques also are introduced to cut the computational cost further. Numerical results for two-dimensional nonlinear waves are presented.     

利用弱可压SPH计算三维均匀柔性驳水动力系数（英文）

The numerical modelling of the interactions between water waves and floating structures is significant for different areas of the marine sector, especially seakeeping and prediction of wave-induced loads. Seakeeping analysis involving severe flow fluctuations is still quite challenging even for the conventional RANS method. Particle method has been viewed as alternative for such analysis especially those involving deformable boundary, wave breaking and fluid fragmentation around hull shapes. In this paper, the weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics(WCSPH), a fully Lagrangian particle method, is applied to simulate the symmetric radiation problem for a stationary barge treated as a flexible body. This is carried out by imposing prescribed forced simple harmonic oscillations in heave, pitch and the two-and three-node distortion modes. The resultant,radiation force predictions, namely added mass and fluid damping coefficients, are compared with results from 3-D potential flow boundary element method and 3-D RANS CFD predictions, in order to verify the adopted modelling techniques for WCSPH.WCSPH were found to be in agreement with most results and could predict the fluid actions equally well in most cases.     

“98·04”寒潮影响下的渤海风浪场数值模拟

基于第3代数值海浪模型SWAN,采用自嵌套的方法提供谱型边界,对渤海"98.04"寒潮大风引起的风浪过程进行了数值模拟研究。将数值模拟结果与T/P卫星高度计观测资料和近岸浮标实测资料(波高和波向)进行了较为详细的比较,并分析了风浪要素的时空分布。结果显示风浪要素的模拟值与实测值吻合良好,表明SWAN模型能较好地再现渤海寒潮期间风浪的时空分布。     

基于DualSPHysics的数值波浪水槽研究

为更好地研究强非线性波浪问题(波浪翻卷、破碎及其与结构物相互作用等),基于DualSPHysics开源平台进行二次开发,采用SPH方法建立了二维数值波浪水槽。运用强制修正粒子加速度的方法实现阻尼消波功能,通过监测推波板前水位变化并实时修正造波信号实现了主动式消波功能,并对消波模块的阻尼消波性能和主动式消波性能进行了详细测试。结果表明,新型阻尼消波层的长度控制在1~2/3倍波长内即可形成可靠的开放式边界,主动式消波功能可将70%以上的能量反射波吸收。     

流体与结构砰击的全非线性模拟:综述（英文）

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method(BEM). Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes(1) vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion,(2) liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body,(3) similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional(2D), axisymmetric and three dimensional(3D) cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.