公路隧道减震模型试验及数值模拟

文章以嘎隆拉隧道洞口段为原型,拟定了相似关系,选取了围岩和衬砌的相似材料,制作了公路隧道减震试验模型。在试验模型中设置了减震层,选择了振动台模型试验测点的布置位置,制定了加载制度,进行了振动台加载试验;分析了试验结果,并与有限元分析结果进行了对比,定义了减震率;从应力和应变两方面分析了减震层的动力特性及减震效果,得出减震层的设置对隧道减震能起到一定的作用。     

燃气轮机应用于车用动力装置的可行性分析研究

本文描述了燃气轮机的当前发展现状,重点阐述了其应用于车辆的具体方式,以及相应的优势和劣势,并介绍了采用陶瓷材料的燃气轮机以及新型的燃气轮机混合动力汽车,分析了其应用可行性,提出了提高燃气轮机燃油经济性的有效措施。文章最后对车用燃气轮机的前景进行了展望,为科学研究及工程应用提供了必要的理论依据。     

杨伯让:阔笔泼洒,织就绝美画卷

千年的铁树开花了千年的铁树开花了,青海人心眼里笑了。西部大开发传红了,青海的好机遇到了。公路设施发展了,青海的模样儿俊了。经济大发展有望了,富裕的好日子来了。——青海省交通史志编审委员会办公室主任李生禄,2004年秋朴实淳厚——这便是记者见到青海省交通厅党委书记、厅长杨伯让的第一印象。办公室的书柜覆满整面墙壁,手机和办公室电话此起彼伏。听身边的人说,他事事亲力亲为,办公室的文件资料都是自己整理收拾;     

TBM盘形滚刀的质量控制及其检测维修技术

文章在消化引进技术的基础上,对盘形滚刀的损坏规律进行了深入的分析,对如何提高盘形滚刀的寿命、降低刀具消耗进行了深入的研究,实践中取得了很好的成果,提高了掘进速度,降低了掘进成本,形成了技术经济性能优良的盘形滚刀检测维修技术。其研究成果可供TBM施工单位参考。     

输气管道置换优化研究

置换是输气管道投产试运过程中的重要工艺环节,是复杂的扩散、对流过程。文中介绍了输气管道投产前用氮气置换空气的几种方法,阐述了它们的工作原理与实施步骤,对比分析了它们的优缺点,优选了置换方式,并采用Fluent流体模拟软件建立了输气管道氮气置换数学模型,进行了三维稳态和非稳态数值计算,研究了置换过程中混气段长度随管径、管长、流速变化规律,将理论推导、数值计算和现场数据进行了对比,验证了理论结果的正确性,为现场施工提供了科学依据。     

国际物流统计核算的基本情况及国内外比较

本文系统梳理了国内外物流业统计核算的基本情况,总结了国际物流统计核算的主要特点,并与我国情况进行了对比分析,借鉴了相关经验,提出了发展方向。     

高速铁路缩小区域差距的传导机制分析

高速铁路加速了要素、资源的流动性,拓展了市场半径,区域经济更加一体化,对缩小区域差距构建了要素流通和配置机制;高速铁路增强了区域开放程度,为各区域快速增长创造条件,为拓展我国空间发展结构铺平道路;高速铁路拉动了旅游等现代服务业产群的发展,促进了消费,带动了滞后区域的人力资本水平跃迁。     

关于我国物联网发展的思考

本文首先分析了物联网的相关概念,界定了物联网的定义;在此基础上,提出了我国物联网的建设目标,给出了中国物联网基本架构,提出并分析了统一建设和分级建设两种物联网解析系统的建设策略;最后,给出了中国物联网的发展途径和建设进程。     

出租车公司化经营势在必行

“出租汽车行业和谐劳动关系创建活动”的开展,将大大促进出租车行业的改革。出租车行业如果能由政府加以整合,企业实行公司化管理,那么,不但政府便于管理,而且企业也便于对员工进行教育培训,那样,驾驶员的素质提高了,安全意识增强了,服务质量上升了,市民出行方便了,城市的文明程度也就会大大提高了。     

飞机燃油管道随机振动分析与设计优化

为了降低管道结构振动,提高其疲劳寿命,针对某型飞机某段故障燃油管路,建立了基础激励下的燃油管道的管道-卡箍有限元动力学模型,利用Newmark-β法直接在时域进行了管道系统振动仿真,提出了3种卡箍优化方案,并用仿真分析的方法验证了其对于降低管道结构振动的有效性。最后进行了优化方案的试验验证,试验和仿真结果在3种优化方法的评价方面取得了很好的一致性,均表明了优化后的管道振动明显降低,疲劳寿命显著提高。     

海底管道单项高风险因素分析

为了准确掌握海底管道在运行阶段面临的各种单项高风险因素,通过采用相应模型计算和OLGA模拟等方法,以某管道为例,得到了对管道安全影响较大的单项高风险因素为海底管道埋深、海床变化、析蜡可能性、水合物堵塞可能性、结垢、沥青质沉积、抛锚与拖网干扰等、腐蚀、悬跨影响等。文中给出了相应的风险减缓措施,为解决生产实践中海底管道存在的安全隐患提供了依据,预防海底管道事故的发生。     

Computational methodology to predict injury risk for motor vehicle crash victims: A framework for improving Advanced Automatic Crash Notification systems

Advanced Automatic Crash Notification (AACN) systems, capable of predicting post-crash injury severity and subsequent automatic transfer of injury assessment data to emergency medical services, may significantly improve the timeliness, appropriateness, and efficacy of care provided. The estimation of injury severity based on statistical field data, as incorporated in current AACN systems, lack specificity and accuracy to identify the risk of life-threatening conditions. To enhance the existing AACN framework, the goal of the current study was to develop a computational methodology to predict risk of injury in specific body regions based on specific characteristics of the crash, occupant and vehicle. The computational technique involved multibody models of the vehicle and the occupant to simulate the case-specific occupant dynamics and subsequently predict the injury risk using established physical metrics. To demonstrate the computational-based injury prediction methodology, three frontal crash cases involving adult drivers in passenger cars were extracted from the US National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System. The representative vehicle model, anthropometrically scaled model of the occupant and kinematic information related to the crash cases, selected at different severities, were used for the blinded verification of injury risk estimations in five different body regions. When compared to existing statistical algorithms, the current computational methodology is a significant improvement toward post-crash injury prediction specifically tailored to individual attributes of the crash. Variations in the initial posture of the driver, analyzed as a pre-crash variable, were shown to have a significant effect on the injury risk.     

Wooded area,forest road-killed animals: Intensity and seasonal differences of road mortality on a small,newly upgraded road in western Romania

The roads are one of the most obvious expressions of modern society, being considered vital for economical growth. Nevertheless, roads have a very strong negative impact upon environment, manifested, among others, by road mortality. In Romania numerous minor roads are currently upgraded and asphalted. In the year 2016, on a road of this kind, in a wooded mountain area, we recorded 1628 road killed animals belonging to 48 taxons. The majority were forest and wet areas animals (earthworms, snails, amphibians, etc), characteristic for the road’s vicinity. Flying or dry areas animals were fewer. The road crosses the forest and the wet areas animals’ habitats. Now, they are certain victims on the road, because its recent upgrade had increased the cars’ speed. Road mortality differed between periods and according to the road surroundings aspect. The highest road mortality intensity was registered at the end of the spring. It has dropped in the summer and then rose again in the autumn, but just moderately. The animals were affected according to their life cycle and ecological demands. On this minor road surrounded by relatively uniform wooded habitats, the road mortality differences were determined in the first place by the demandings and life cycle of the victims, which were affected by meteorological conditions. This studied road is a proof of how forest native animals are exposed once their habitat is crossed by a road.     

沥青混凝土路面平整度差的成因及对策研究

结合G205、G312等沥青路面不同程度出现的沉陷、接缝台阶、波浪、车辙、桥涵与路面接茬不平、跳车等路面不平整现象,分析、探讨造成沥青路面平整度差的路基、桥涵、路面基层施工方面、材料方面以及路面摊铺、碾压等主要原因,并提出相应对策措施。     

The Concept and Practice of Treatment for Damage in Railway Tunnel Linings Caused by High-pressure Karst Water北大核心CSCD

In recent years, railway tunnels in karst areas have frequently suffered flooding after high-intensity rainfall, which seriously affects the safety of tunnel operation and the order of transportation, and even interrupts the traffic. Based on the water hazard case in the Yuanbaoshan Tunnel on the Zhijin-Bijie Railway Line, this paper explores the causes of lining damage in terms of geology, rainfall, and the design and construction of water hazard sections, and puts forward the treatment technology for tunnel water hazards with the core concept of "making full use of existing structures and employing open drainage methods in key sections". Besides, this paper simulates and analyzes the formation of hazards and the treatment effect through numerical simulation. The results show that the subjective causes for the damage in tunnel linings include an insufficient understanding of the water-bearing formations at the geological investigation stage, the underestimation of water hazard risks posed by high-intensity rainfall during construction, and the unimproved waterproof and drainage system in the design alteration, while the objective reasons include the development of karst near the tunnel section that passes through the stratum, the strong connectivity of water conduits, and the high-intensity rainfall in a certain period of time on the tunnel site. As for the simulation results, they show that the increase of external water pressure caused by the sudden rise in groundwater level after rainstorm significantly increases the internal force of linings, and eventually leads to a much lower safety factor of sidewall linings and large scale damage, which is in consistency with the characteristics of the actual on-site damage. After on-site emergency treatment, the tunnel structure has become stable and even encountering unprecedentedly heavy rainfall twice, the tunnel has still remained in a good condition. Since then, no water hazards and other disasters have occurred, which proves that the treatment plan is valid. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

重型清障车吊臂和托臂的优化设计及应力分析

清障车是一种具有道路抢险作业装备,能够起吊和托起事故、违章或损坏车辆,并能快速离开事故现场的专用车辆。文章采用UG软件对吊臂模型处理,通过其自带软件NX NASTRAN对托臂总成进行有限元分析,根据实际作业工况对托臂总成进行约束与载荷施加,使托臂的强度分析更具有可信度。其结果为吊臂和托臂总成的设计及优化提供了参考依据。     

液压增压单井增注系统实验研究

对液压增压单井增注系统进行了室内实验研究,验证了液压增压单井增注系统的增压效果。结果表明：该系统运行平稳可靠,无需外接能源,注水管线来水经过此系统后直接增压,增压效果明显,有效地解决了油田增压注水的难题,尤其对于偏远注水井,效果更为显著。     

Modelling the resilience,friability and costs of an air transport network affected by a large-scale disruptive event

This paper deals with developing a methodology for estimating the resilience, friability, and costs of an air transport network affected by a large-scale disruptive event. The network consists of airports and airspace/air routes between them where airlines operate their flights. Resilience is considered as the ability of the network to neutralize the impacts of disruptive event(s). Friability implies reducing the network’s existing resilience due to removing particular nodes/airports and/or links/air routes, and consequently cancelling the affected airline flights. The costs imply additional expenses imposed on airports, airlines, and air passengers as the potentially most affected actors/stakeholders due to mitigating actions such as delaying, cancelling and rerouting particular affected flights. These actions aim at maintaining both the network’s resilience and safety at the acceptable level under given conditions.Large scale disruptive events, which can compromise the resilience and friability of a given air transport network, include bad weather, failures of particular (crucial) network components, the industrial actions of the air transport staff, natural disasters, terrorist threats/attacks and traffic incidents/accidents.The methodology is applied to the selected real-life case under given conditions. In addition, this methodology could be used for pre-selecting the location of airline hub airport(s), assessing the resilience of planned airline schedules and the prospective consequences, and designing mitigating measures before, during, and in the aftermath of a disruptive event. As such, it could, with slight modifications, be applied to transport networks operated by other transport modes.     

Reprint of “Modelling the resilience,friability and costs of an air transport network affected by a large-scale disruptive event”

This paper deals with developing a methodology for estimating the resilience, friability, and costs of an air transport network affected by a large-scale disruptive event. The network consists of airports and airspace/air routes between them where airlines operate their flights. Resilience is considered as the ability of the network to neutralize the impacts of disruptive event(s). Friability implies reducing the network’s existing resilience due to removing particular nodes/airports and/or links/air routes, and consequently cancelling the affected airline flights. The costs imply additional expenses imposed on airports, airlines, and air passengers as the potentially most affected actors/stakeholders due to mitigating actions such as delaying, cancelling and rerouting particular affected flights. These actions aim at maintaining both the network’s resilience and safety at the acceptable level under given conditions.Large scale disruptive events, which can compromise the resilience and friability of a given air transport network, include bad weather, failures of particular (crucial) network components, the industrial actions of the air transport staff, natural disasters, terrorist threats/attacks and traffic incidents/accidents.The methodology is applied to the selected real-life case under given conditions. In addition, this methodology could be used for pre-selecting the location of airline hub airport(s), assessing the resilience of planned airline schedules and the prospective consequences, and designing mitigating measures before, during, and in the aftermath of a disruptive event. As such, it could, with slight modifications, be applied to transport networks operated by other transport modes.