基于改进K-均值聚类算法的合肥市电动客车行驶工况构建

为构建合肥市电动客车行驶工况,选取合肥市4条典型线路的12辆电动公交车进行连续一周的数据采集,基于短行程分析法将经过处理的有效数据分割成24 595个片段并计算特征值,采用主成分分析法和改进K-均值(K-Means)聚类算法对短行程特征值进行降维与聚类,根据类中心距离从聚类结果中选出类代表短行程,从而构建出合肥市电动客车的行驶工况。将所构建的工况与实车采集数据及国内外典型行驶工况进行对比,结果表明,构建的行驶工况能更准确地反映合肥市电动客车的行驶特征。     

高原地区混合动力公交客车城市道路行驶工况的研究

本文依据昆明市新能源汽车示范运营管理信息化平台建设,采集昆明市道路实验数据,进行短行程划分,运用统计学相关理论,借助MATLAB软件计算得出短行程和总体数据特征值,取出相关系数最大的前六个短行程合成昆明地区混合动力公交客车行驶工况,并和其他城市行驶工况对比。研究结果表明:制定适合昆明市地方特色的循环工况研究,对地方新能源汽车技术进步和运行经济性具有应用价值。虽然各地区行驶工况有所差别,但存在相关性。     

纯电动大客车动力传动系统的研究EI北大核心CSCD

为提高大型电动客车能量经济性、减轻动力冲击,提出动力传动系统中采用手动离合器和3挡变速器。根据整车行驶工况和电机机械特性对变速系统进行匹配。基于客车的典型城市运行工况,把车辆行驶速度和驱动力分布换算为电机运行的转速和转矩,并映射到电机机械特性图上,使运行工况点在电机特性图上的分布更多处于高效率区,提高车辆在典型工况下的经济性。仿真和测试结果表明,所采用的动力传动系统在城市运行工况下,具有较高的动力性和经济性。     

基于GGAP-RBF神经网络的多参数纯电动客车蓄电池荷电状态预测

为了准确预测纯电动客车蓄电池的荷电状态(SOC),提出了基于广义生长剪枝径向基函数(GGAP-RBF)神经网络的多参数纯电动客车蓄电池SOC预测模型.首先以蓄电池端电压、放电电流、环境温度和循环次数作为神经网络输入参数建立GGAP-RBF神经网络蓄电池SOC预测模型,然后以不同放电倍率、环境温度和循环次数的蓄电池放电试验数据作为样本对模型进行训练,并建立了蓄电池仿真模型和纯电动客车整车仿真模型,最后进行了城市道路循环行驶工况(UDDS工况)下单体蓄电池放电试验和纯电动客车40 km · h-1等速行驶续驶里程试验研究.结果表明:UDDS工况下,SOC预测值与试验值的均方根误差为0.026 4,平均绝对误差为0.020 6;纯电动客车40 km· h-1等速行驶工况下,SOC预测值与试验值的均方根误差为0.039 9,平均绝对误差为0.031 3;表明所建立的蓄电池SOC预测模型在各种工况下均能精确预测蓄电池SOC.     

城市客车燃料消耗量测试方法的研究

通过对现行的城市客车燃料消耗量测试方法的分析研究。对现行测试方法中采用的行驶工况不符合我国的实际道路工况进行阐述，并提出新的测试方法。     

基于多种循环工况的混合动力客车制动能量回收对燃油经济贡献率的研究

建立再生制动能量回收的数学模型和试验评价方法,并针对某一并联混合动力城市客车,选择四种典型城市循环工况进行试验分析,得到不同行驶工况下混合动力客车的制动能量回收对整车燃油经济性的贡献率,对混合动力汽车的前期开发具有参考作用.     

混合动力客车与常规客车排放对比研究

利用车载测试系统,对混合动力客车及常规客车进行了整车排放测试,分析了混合动力客车在各典型行驶工况下的排放特征和车辆排放率随行驶力的变化关系.试验结果表明,混合动力车及常规车怠速工况时污染物排放贡献率最低,加速工况时污染物排放贡献率总体最高;常规车各污染物排放率随行驶力变化呈先下降后升高的趋势;混合动力车因其复杂的工作模式而导致复杂的变化趋势.该混合动力客车节能环保性能良好,比较适合在我国城市运行,但仍须加强怠速及加速工况的排放控制.     

低地板城市客车车身结构有限元分析

利用标准的CAE软件平台，对低地板城市客车车射结构进行数值建模和静动态特性分析，计算时考虑客车实际运行中出现的多种典型工况，如直线匀速行驶，路面高低不平出现单轮瞬间悬空、紧急制动及急转弯等工况，并详细讨论了相应载荷及边界条件的施加方法。     

玉柴YC6L在上海公交中的应用与优化

采集上海市郊与市区结合的城市客车路谱工况,记录实际道路行驶大量数据并对其进行分析;提炼出路谱信息,应用到Cruise整车模拟计算中,对YC6L发动机性能等参数进行优化。     

面向商用车行驶工况优化设计的高速公路工况识别

为解决商用车行驶工况优化设计中确定工况类型的问题,研究商用车行驶工况特性,提出一种基于朴素贝叶斯方法的高速公路工况识别方法。利用21辆长途运营商用车采集的106 200 km行驶工况数据,以3 km为单位进行分割,共获得35 230段有效试验路段数据(其中:高速公路27 986段;一般公路6 124段;城市公路1 120段)。以该数据为基础,根据朴素贝叶斯方法分析汽车运行过程中的平均速度和挡位统计信息,确定面向商用车行驶工况优化设计的阈值划分区间,获得相关的先验概率和条件概率,利用MATLAB软件进行编程计算,对高速公路工况进行了识别分析。研究结果表明:高速公路工况识别的正确率到达88.26%,高速公路工况被误判为一般公路工况的误判率为9.54%,高速公路工况被误判为城市公路工况的误判率为2.20%;基于朴素贝叶斯方法的高速公路工况识别能够为商用车行驶工况优化设计提供一种有效的高速公路工况识别方法。     

纯电动城市客车驾驶行为与能耗关系的统计分析

对同一设计、同一批次、同一运行线路、不同人员驾驶的4辆城市客车的运行状态和能耗进行统计分析,提出影响车辆能耗特性的驾驶行为特点,并给出优化能耗特性的相关建议。     

纯电动客车用BLDCM双闭环控制系统建模与仿真

为了给电动汽车的研发提供参考,针对某型城市公交中巴客车改装的纯电动汽车,设计了无刷直流电机（BLDCM）的车速-电流双闭环控制系统,在MATLAB环境下搭建了该系统的动态仿真模型,并从空载（负载）运行、换挡运行、循环工况运行3个方面进行了仿真试验。研究结果表明：相比于传统的仅针对电机的驱动控制系统,该系统直接以车速为控制对象,可以将整车控制与电机控制有机结合起来;测速装置从电机转移到车轮上,利于降低BLDCM的设计复杂度和制造成本;该系统的电机调速控制效果与传统的电机驱动控制系统相当,并可有效控制汽车换挡带来的车速突变、迅速响应频繁变化的车速需求,能够满足多挡位纯电动客车的城市道路行驶要求。     

合肥市道路汽车行驶工况的开发与研究

阐述了汽车行驶工况的开发程序和测试方法。通过对合肥市道路交通状况的调查,选择五条具有代表性的路段进行合肥市城区的汽车行驶工况的研究,采集了大量合肥城区道路汽车行驶数据资料,运用多元统计学方法进行了道路汽车行驶工况的解析,从而建立合肥市道路汽车行驶工况。     

Simulation of city bus performance based on actual urban driving cycle in China

This paper establishes the simulation model of a city bus on the basis of the EQ6110 bus prototype and its experimental data. According to the actual urban driving cycle, the fuel economy and the traction performance of the EQ6110 city bus have been simulated, and factors such as the driving cycle, the loss of power to engine accessories, the gear-shifting strategy, the fuel shut-off strategy of the engine, etc., which influence on the bus’s fuel economy, are also quantitatively analyzed. Some conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) driving cycles have a great influence on the fuel economy of a city bus; (2) under the typical urban driving cycle of the public bus in China, the engine fuel shut-off strategy can save about 1 to 1.5 percent of the fuel consumption; and (3) the optimized gear-shifting rules can save 6.7 percent of the fuel consumption. Experimental results verify that the fuel economy for the EQ6110 public bus is improved by 7.2 pecent over the actual Wuhan urban driving cycle of the current public bus in China.     

基于车轴图谱的城市道路汽车运行轨迹特性分析

为探究城市道路行车轨迹与路侧之间的横向距离对车辆运行的影响,提高驾驶员行车安全,在某市滨海路进行汽车运行轨迹样本采集试验,使用AxleLight RLU11系列路侧交通数据采集系统分车道采集试验路段汽车运行轨迹样本,利用SPSS Statistics对试验路段不同车道车辆运行轨迹样本进行数据处理,绘制不同行车道运行车辆横向距离的累积频率曲线,计算得到汽车运行轨迹与路侧的横向距离D85,通过绘制行驶车辆距路侧的横向距离直方图,得到不同车道的车辆分布规律。结果显示,驾驶员大多数偏向选择在内侧车道运行。根据试验路段内外2条车道车辆横向距离和运行轨迹特性,可为城市道路交通安全设施的设置提供理论依据,以期提高城市道路交通运行安全。     

适用于城市行驶工况的电动车动力系统方案的匹配研究

以上海市中心城区的行驶工况为例,研究适合城市工况行驶的纯电动车动力系统方案。分析上海中心城区统计获得的行驶工况和行驶需求,得出电动车的动力指标和续驶里程需求作为电动车动力系统的设计目标,利用AVL CRUISE软件进行了动力系统的匹配,匹配结果很好地满足了从行驶工况出发的设计要求。     

Comparison of driving characteristics between drivers in Korea and in the united states of America based on driver-vehicle interaction field database

Research and development involving intelligent vehicles of today is geared to safe, driver-friendly and sensitive vehicles that provide a driver with a pleasant and convenient driving environment while preventing him or her from possible risks of accident. In developing convenient and safe vehicles, research on drivers’ driving patterns, reactions and state characteristics depending on road conditions in actual field is essential in order to devise more driver-friendly intelligent vehicles. This paper describes how a driver-vehicle interaction (DVI) field database is built in order to obtain a driver’s input in normal road driving condition on highways, country roads, and city roads, and his or her state information, as well as data on the vehicle and traffic conditions. And the newly built database is compared with the RDCW FOT database established by UMTRI of the US for analysis to suggest that the driving tendencies of drivers in Korea and the road driving conditions are not the same as those in the US, reconfirming the need to establish a DVI field database, which will be used for the development of intelligent vehicles suitable for the Korean environment. The DVI data collected from actual driving in field are anticipated to be widely utilized as basic data for research on various intelligent driving safety systems, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and human-vehicle interface (HVI) that are suitable for the driving environment in Korea.     

山地城市螺旋匝道驾驶仿真与关键设计指标

山地城市受道路资源等因素的制约,常将螺旋匝道作为衔接两侧道路高差的方案。由于目前缺乏针对螺旋匝道的设计标准,导致螺旋匝道在设计时往往沿用环形匝道甚至支路的线形标准。选择重庆市主城区的7个螺旋匝道开展自然驾驶实验,并通过Carsim仿真软件建立道路环境模型,分析比较导致车辆轨迹偏移的关键影响因素。研究结果表明：在利用Carsim进行驾驶员仿真模型建立时,采用闭环控制模式仿真结果可信度较高;当仿真运行速度超过实测运行速度62.5%以上时才会出现轨迹偏离的现象,建议适当提高螺旋匝道设计速度;部分螺旋匝道设计最小圆曲线半径可根据实际情况适当下调;对于设计速度较低的螺旋匝道,可通过提升超高值以保证实际运行速度的提升。     

Development of a driving cycle for the measurement of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of automobiles in Bangkok during peak periods

The exhaust emissions and fuel consumption rates of newly registered automobiles in Thailand are currently assessed using the standard driving cycle of the Economic Commission of Europe (ECE). Because of the highly different driving conditions, the assessment results may not reflect realistic amounts of emissions and fuel consumption for vehicles in Bangkok traffic, which is well known for its congestion. The objective of this study is therefore to develop a new driving cycle for vehicles traveling on Bangkok’s main roads during peak traffic hours. This paper first presents the development of a method for selecting representative road routes with traffic conditions that are representative of traffic in Bangkok for conducting real-world driving speed data collection. These real-world data are obtained by driving a car equipped with a speed-time data logger along those selected road routes. Several driving characteristics, including various profiles of microtrips, are analyzed from the collected speed-time data, and a number of target driving parameters are then defined for use as a set of criteria to justify the best driving cycle. A procedure for generating driving cycles from the analyzed real-driving data is also developed, and the method to select the cycle that is most representative of Bangkok traffic is described. Comparisons found in the study show that the target driving parameters of the newly developed driving cycle are much closer to those obtained from the real-world measured data than those calculated from the presently used European drive cycle. This would imply that the obtained driving cycle will produce more realistic results of the emissions and fuel consumption assessment tests for vehicles traveling in Bangkok. The methods developed in this study for route selection and driving cycle construction can easily be adopted by other big cities to develop their own vehicle driving cycles. Furthermore, although the developed methods are for passenger cars, similar approaches can be applied to develop driving cycles for other types of vehicle, such as city buses and pick-up trucks.     

城市客车起步规律的试验与研究

通过对城市客车在平路和坡道上的实车数据采集,总结出手动机械式变速器的城市客车在平路上的慢起步、正常起步、快起步及在不同坡度的坡道的起步规律,为设计和优化电控机械式自动变速器(AMT)起步控制策略提供了依据。